热湿地区温湿度独立调节空调系统运行研究
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摘要
随着经济技术的进步,能源和环境问题的日益突出,以及人们对室内环境要求的不断提高,温湿度独立调节空调系统将得到越来越多的关注和应用。研究表明该空调系统具有多方面优势,如室内温度和湿度可单独控制,热湿比可处理的范围较大,处理显热的高温冷源效率较高等。但实际的应用过程中,运行效果如何,会出现哪些主要问题,如何解决,许多设计者和研究人员了解得不够深入、全面。本文在充分调研的基础上,分析南方热湿地区温湿度独立调节空调系统运行过程中出现的主要问题,利用实测数据分析其运行效果,并利用实验方法研究末端装置结露问题,进而提出结露监控系统的设计方法,最后分析该空调系统运行调节方法。
通过对多个案例现场调研发现,温湿度独立调节空调系统在热湿地区的运行过程中,无论是干式风机盘管还是辐射供冷末端均会产生结露现象,而且空调系统运行调节方法不合理。
本文通过对深圳建科大楼温湿度独立调节空调系统2010年全年用电量的分析,得出该空调系统具有一定的节能优势。利用实测空调系统各机组设备每天用电量,说明该空调系统运行能耗特点,其中除湿机组用电量占整个空调系统电耗的50%以上,其性能对空调系统电耗水平的影响最大,其次是高温冷水机组。室内温、湿度和CO_2实测数据表明,该空调系统运行期间,室内温湿度能维持较好的水平,且与常规空调系统相比,室内CO_2浓度水平较低,有利于人员的健康。
以毛细管冷辐射吊顶空调系统为研究对象,分析多种情况下,毛细管吊顶表面结露问题。分析表明:室外热湿空气仅通过门窗缝隙渗透不会导致毛细管表面结露,但会产生结露危险;当开启门窗时,室外热湿空气侵入室内,会导致毛细管表面结露,甚至形成液滴,但毛细管表面开始有凝结水产生至形成液滴需要一定的时间,若门窗及时关闭,毛细管表面形成的水珠等经过一段时间,会蒸发消失;系统正常工作时,室内空气露点温度的分布不均匀,局部毛细管有结露危险。
为了防止毛细管冷辐射吊顶结露,应安装防结露监控系统,且运行期间应提前开启除湿机组约1个小时,使室内空气含湿量和露点温度降低到一定水平。由于吊顶楼板具有一定的蓄冷能力,空调系统提前关闭1个小时,室内空气温湿度水平仍能满足热舒适度要求。
本论文研究的内容为温湿度独立调节空调系统的设计、运行提供实际参考,为该空调系统在热湿地区的应用提供依据。
With the development of economic and technological, energy and environmental issues become increasingly prominent. With the requirements of indoor environment improvement, temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) air-conditioning system will be widely used. Studies have shown that THIC air-conditioning system has many advantages, such as temperature and humidity of indoor air can be controlled separately, heat and moisture angle scale can be handled over a large range, high temperature cold source is more efficient. Many designers and researchers is not comprehensive understanding about the actual application process, the main running issues and the solution. In this paper, based on the full investigation and the measured data, the running main problem and operating results of THIC air-conditioning system in hot-humid areas will be discussed. Use experimental methods research condensation of terminal devices, and then propose the condensation control system design method, finally analysis the system running adjustment method.
Through the multiple-site case study I found that, whether it is dry fan coil or radiant cooling at the end will produce condensation during THIC air conditioning system operating in hot-humid area. The operation adjustment method is unreasonable.
The annual electricity consumption of THIC air-conditioning in an office building independent shows that THIC air-conditioning system has energy-saving advantages.
From measured energy consumption every day of each unit of the THIC air-conditioning, energy consumption characteristics of the system are found. Dehumidification unit accounts for more than fifty percent of electricity consumption of the entire air conditioning system and the performance of dehumidification unit has the greatest effects on the system, followed by high-temperature chillers. The measured data show that during THIC air-conditioning system operating temperature and humidity of indoor air maintain a good level and low concentration of carbon dioxide is beneficial to human health compared with conventional air conditioning system.
Condensation on the surface of the capillary tube being discussed in a variety of conditions based on the radiant cooling ceiling air-conditioning system. Analysis showed that outdoor air infiltration flux through cracks will not lead to condensation on capillary tube surface, but condensation risk. When the doors and windows open, outdoor air intrusion can cause condensate even form droplets. It takes some time from condensed water to droplets on the surface of capillary tube, so if the doors and windows closed on time, after a period of time the condensed water or water film will disappear automatically by evaporation. The distribution of indoor air dew-point temperature is uneven and part of capillary surface has condensation risk when the air-conditioning system is working.
To prevent condensation on the capillary tube surface, anti-condensation control system should be installed. Dehumidification unit should be started in advance about an hour to reduce the dew-point temperature to a certain level. As the ceiling floor has cool storage capacity, if the air-conditioning system shut down earlier for an hour the levels of indoor air temperature and humidity still meet the thermal comfort requirements.
The content of the thesis provides practical information for the design and operation of THIC air-conditioning system and provides the basis for application in hot-humid area.
通过对多个案例现场调研发现,温湿度独立调节空调系统在热湿地区的运行过程中,无论是干式风机盘管还是辐射供冷末端均会产生结露现象,而且空调系统运行调节方法不合理。
本文通过对深圳建科大楼温湿度独立调节空调系统2010年全年用电量的分析,得出该空调系统具有一定的节能优势。利用实测空调系统各机组设备每天用电量,说明该空调系统运行能耗特点,其中除湿机组用电量占整个空调系统电耗的50%以上,其性能对空调系统电耗水平的影响最大,其次是高温冷水机组。室内温、湿度和CO_2实测数据表明,该空调系统运行期间,室内温湿度能维持较好的水平,且与常规空调系统相比,室内CO_2浓度水平较低,有利于人员的健康。
以毛细管冷辐射吊顶空调系统为研究对象,分析多种情况下,毛细管吊顶表面结露问题。分析表明:室外热湿空气仅通过门窗缝隙渗透不会导致毛细管表面结露,但会产生结露危险;当开启门窗时,室外热湿空气侵入室内,会导致毛细管表面结露,甚至形成液滴,但毛细管表面开始有凝结水产生至形成液滴需要一定的时间,若门窗及时关闭,毛细管表面形成的水珠等经过一段时间,会蒸发消失;系统正常工作时,室内空气露点温度的分布不均匀,局部毛细管有结露危险。
为了防止毛细管冷辐射吊顶结露,应安装防结露监控系统,且运行期间应提前开启除湿机组约1个小时,使室内空气含湿量和露点温度降低到一定水平。由于吊顶楼板具有一定的蓄冷能力,空调系统提前关闭1个小时,室内空气温湿度水平仍能满足热舒适度要求。
本论文研究的内容为温湿度独立调节空调系统的设计、运行提供实际参考,为该空调系统在热湿地区的应用提供依据。
With the development of economic and technological, energy and environmental issues become increasingly prominent. With the requirements of indoor environment improvement, temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) air-conditioning system will be widely used. Studies have shown that THIC air-conditioning system has many advantages, such as temperature and humidity of indoor air can be controlled separately, heat and moisture angle scale can be handled over a large range, high temperature cold source is more efficient. Many designers and researchers is not comprehensive understanding about the actual application process, the main running issues and the solution. In this paper, based on the full investigation and the measured data, the running main problem and operating results of THIC air-conditioning system in hot-humid areas will be discussed. Use experimental methods research condensation of terminal devices, and then propose the condensation control system design method, finally analysis the system running adjustment method.
Through the multiple-site case study I found that, whether it is dry fan coil or radiant cooling at the end will produce condensation during THIC air conditioning system operating in hot-humid area. The operation adjustment method is unreasonable.
The annual electricity consumption of THIC air-conditioning in an office building independent shows that THIC air-conditioning system has energy-saving advantages.
From measured energy consumption every day of each unit of the THIC air-conditioning, energy consumption characteristics of the system are found. Dehumidification unit accounts for more than fifty percent of electricity consumption of the entire air conditioning system and the performance of dehumidification unit has the greatest effects on the system, followed by high-temperature chillers. The measured data show that during THIC air-conditioning system operating temperature and humidity of indoor air maintain a good level and low concentration of carbon dioxide is beneficial to human health compared with conventional air conditioning system.
Condensation on the surface of the capillary tube being discussed in a variety of conditions based on the radiant cooling ceiling air-conditioning system. Analysis showed that outdoor air infiltration flux through cracks will not lead to condensation on capillary tube surface, but condensation risk. When the doors and windows open, outdoor air intrusion can cause condensate even form droplets. It takes some time from condensed water to droplets on the surface of capillary tube, so if the doors and windows closed on time, after a period of time the condensed water or water film will disappear automatically by evaporation. The distribution of indoor air dew-point temperature is uneven and part of capillary surface has condensation risk when the air-conditioning system is working.
To prevent condensation on the capillary tube surface, anti-condensation control system should be installed. Dehumidification unit should be started in advance about an hour to reduce the dew-point temperature to a certain level. As the ceiling floor has cool storage capacity, if the air-conditioning system shut down earlier for an hour the levels of indoor air temperature and humidity still meet the thermal comfort requirements.
The content of the thesis provides practical information for the design and operation of THIC air-conditioning system and provides the basis for application in hot-humid area.
引文
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