长江流域地区小型除湿系统研究
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摘要
随着人们对居住环境要求的提高以及节能与环境保护意识的增强,建筑、能源与环境三者之间的矛盾也愈来愈激烈。目前,我国建筑已成为国民经济中能源消费增长最快的部门,建筑能耗占全国总能耗的比例将快速上升到社会总能耗的1/3左右,其中主要是采暖空调能耗,而除湿能耗又占到空调能耗的20%～50%。结合到我国长江流域地区,由于特殊的地理条件,加上经济与城镇化的高速发展,建筑热环境与建筑节能之间的矛盾日益凸显。这一地区在我国建筑气候区划上为夏热冬冷地区,主要表现为夏季潮热、冬季阴冷,且长年湿度很高。除湿在长江流域地区有着极为重要的意义。区别于其他除湿方式,转轮除湿与液体除湿属于吸湿剂吸附(收)除湿方式,具有可再生的特点。转轮除湿器主要设备为除湿转轮和再生加热器,除湿器80%的能量消耗在除湿剂再生上;液体除湿空调利用低品位热源,有利于节约电资源,保护环境,提高室内空气品质,亦可实现除菌和蓄能,作为一种崭新的空调技术,各国已加强研究力度,以期作为传统空调方式的替代方案之一。
温湿度独立控制空调系统是降低能耗,改善室内环境与能源结构匹配的有效途径。本文从这一观点出发,首先对长江流域地区气候特点进行总结并对这一区域九大城市室内外湿负荷进行分析,确定了冬夏两季室内外热环境设计指标。分别基于室外设计计算参数和基于典型年逐时气象参数进行了数值计算与模拟。结果分析中得到了长江流域地区九大城市的湿负荷特点:冬季的平均加湿量为696g/h,夏季的平均除湿量为3.8kg/h,其中夏季室外新风湿负荷占到总湿负荷的85%～88%。根据不同的建筑面积,得出了湿负荷的回归方程。本文还针对不同设计温度和相对湿度对湿负荷的影响进行了分析,分析表明,室内设定温度每改变1℃,湿负荷改变125～194g/h;设定相对湿度每改变10%,湿负荷则改变450～750g/h。对基于两种指标的计算进行比较,发现两者的湿负荷计算值误差在15%内,具有一致性。
温湿度独立控制空调方式的设备区别于传统空调方式。本文从冷热源和系统末端对温湿独控进行了总结。系统不仅可以对天然冷源进行利用,也可提高制冷机效率,减少能耗;末端的控制方式分为温度控制与湿度控制,将各类控制方式针对不同工况进行搭配,即可构成温湿度独控空调系统。本文根据这一理念提出了一项实用新型设计,并对其可行性进行验证。这一技术在长江流域地区具有广阔的发展前景。
本文还对小型液体除湿空调系统进行了实验研究。首先进行了无水CaCl2潮解性能实验。实验表明,CaCl2具有强吸湿性,在48h内受空气含湿量影响显著。另外,还搭建了一个小型液体除湿空调系统实验台,进行CaCl2除湿/再生性能实验研究,研究发现除湿与再生的三个重要因素为溶解温度、溶液浓度和空气进口含湿量。在实验工况下,CaCl2溶液的除湿量为3.38g/kg,再生性能优于除湿性能,约为除湿的1.3～2.9倍。对实验进行总结后,认为CaCl2作为除湿剂进行液体除湿还有很大改进空间和推广潜力。
With the rising requirement for living conditions and intensification on energy saving or environmental protection by public, the conflicts among architecture, energy and environment become more and more drastic. Nowadays, architecture has already ranked the fastest increasing section in energy consumption. The portion of energy consumption by construction will rapidly increase to about 1/3 of total, at the same time, heating and air-conditioning consumption played the most important role in this portion. And dehumidifying energy consumption occupies 20～50% of the air-condition energy consumption. As to Yangtze River valley, the conflict between thermal environment and energy consumption of building is growing day after day, owning to its special geographical conditions and rapid development in economy and urbanization. Also, this zone is called hot in summer and cold in winter zone, according to climate subarea. It’s hot and damp in summer, cold and bleak in winter, with high humidity all over the whole year round. So dehumidify is significance in this area. Differing from other dehumidifying methods, rotary and liquid dehumidifications belong to absorption (sorption) dehumidifying method, as they have an advantage of regeneration. Rotary dehumidifier is composed of dehumidifying wheel and regenerative heater. 80% energy consumption is used for regeneration of dehumidizer. Liquid desiccant air conditioning is able to use low-grade heat; and that helps to saving energy, protecting environment, and improving indoor air quality, it has abilities of removing germs and energy accumulation as well. Because it’s a brand new air conditioning technology, many countries have already plunged into its researching and designing.
Humiture independent controlling AC system is regarded as an efficient way which benefits reducing energy consumption, improving indoor air quality and optimizing energy structure. According to this conception, characteristics of climate along Yangtze River Valley were summarized. Indoors and outdoors humidity loads among nine big cities in this area were analyzed as well. Then the thermal environment designing index of indoor and outdoor in both winter and summer could be determined. After that numerical calculation and simulation were proceed respectively based on designing parameters of outdoor and meteorological parameters of typical year. The results showed humidity loads’characteristics in these cities: the average humidification load is 696g/h in winter, mean dehumidification load is 3.8kg/h in summer. Furthermore, dehumidification load of fresh air shares 85~88% of the whole humidification load. According to various areas, regression equations were deduced. Moreover, the influences of designing temperature and RH were counted in. And the results indicated that once there is 1℃change of interior setting temperature, the humidity load will change by 125~194g/h. if the interior setting RH changes 10%, then humidity load will change by 450~750g/h. The comparison between results of two measures fingered out that calculating error is within 15 percent, so they have consistency.
The devices of humiture independent controlling AC system are discrepant from traditional ones. This article summed up cold/heat sources and terminals of humiture independent controlling system. System can not only make full use of natural cold source, but also increase the efficiency of air conditioning, and it reduces energy consumption. The terminals could be divided into two parts: temperature control and humidity control. Each controlling method could be mated, thus, certain humiture independent controlling system could be established to fit certain conditions. The article released a new practical designing patent based on this conception. Its feasibility was verified. Anyway, this technology has a bright future to be generalized in Yangtze River Valley.
Experiments of small-scaled liquid desiccant AC system were described in this article. Firstly, we did the experiment on moisture absorpting performance of anhydrous CaCl2.The result indicated that CaCl2 has strong capacity of hygroscopy, and humidity of air has an crucial effect on its hygroscopy. Besides, we built up an experimental device of small-scaled liquid desiccant AC system to research on dehumidification and regeneration of CaCl2 solution. Experimental results shows that there are 3 factors which mainly works on performance of CaCl2 solution, they are temperature of solution, concentration of solution and humidity of inlet air. The capacity of CaCl2 solution’dehumidification is 3.38g/kg in experimental condition. And the regenerating performance is about 1.3~2.9 times than that of dehumidifying. After summarizing, liquid desiccant dehumidification with CaCl2 solution has large potential to be improved and generalized.
温湿度独立控制空调系统是降低能耗,改善室内环境与能源结构匹配的有效途径。本文从这一观点出发,首先对长江流域地区气候特点进行总结并对这一区域九大城市室内外湿负荷进行分析,确定了冬夏两季室内外热环境设计指标。分别基于室外设计计算参数和基于典型年逐时气象参数进行了数值计算与模拟。结果分析中得到了长江流域地区九大城市的湿负荷特点:冬季的平均加湿量为696g/h,夏季的平均除湿量为3.8kg/h,其中夏季室外新风湿负荷占到总湿负荷的85%～88%。根据不同的建筑面积,得出了湿负荷的回归方程。本文还针对不同设计温度和相对湿度对湿负荷的影响进行了分析,分析表明,室内设定温度每改变1℃,湿负荷改变125～194g/h;设定相对湿度每改变10%,湿负荷则改变450～750g/h。对基于两种指标的计算进行比较,发现两者的湿负荷计算值误差在15%内,具有一致性。
温湿度独立控制空调方式的设备区别于传统空调方式。本文从冷热源和系统末端对温湿独控进行了总结。系统不仅可以对天然冷源进行利用,也可提高制冷机效率,减少能耗;末端的控制方式分为温度控制与湿度控制,将各类控制方式针对不同工况进行搭配,即可构成温湿度独控空调系统。本文根据这一理念提出了一项实用新型设计,并对其可行性进行验证。这一技术在长江流域地区具有广阔的发展前景。
本文还对小型液体除湿空调系统进行了实验研究。首先进行了无水CaCl2潮解性能实验。实验表明,CaCl2具有强吸湿性,在48h内受空气含湿量影响显著。另外,还搭建了一个小型液体除湿空调系统实验台,进行CaCl2除湿/再生性能实验研究,研究发现除湿与再生的三个重要因素为溶解温度、溶液浓度和空气进口含湿量。在实验工况下,CaCl2溶液的除湿量为3.38g/kg,再生性能优于除湿性能,约为除湿的1.3～2.9倍。对实验进行总结后,认为CaCl2作为除湿剂进行液体除湿还有很大改进空间和推广潜力。
With the rising requirement for living conditions and intensification on energy saving or environmental protection by public, the conflicts among architecture, energy and environment become more and more drastic. Nowadays, architecture has already ranked the fastest increasing section in energy consumption. The portion of energy consumption by construction will rapidly increase to about 1/3 of total, at the same time, heating and air-conditioning consumption played the most important role in this portion. And dehumidifying energy consumption occupies 20～50% of the air-condition energy consumption. As to Yangtze River valley, the conflict between thermal environment and energy consumption of building is growing day after day, owning to its special geographical conditions and rapid development in economy and urbanization. Also, this zone is called hot in summer and cold in winter zone, according to climate subarea. It’s hot and damp in summer, cold and bleak in winter, with high humidity all over the whole year round. So dehumidify is significance in this area. Differing from other dehumidifying methods, rotary and liquid dehumidifications belong to absorption (sorption) dehumidifying method, as they have an advantage of regeneration. Rotary dehumidifier is composed of dehumidifying wheel and regenerative heater. 80% energy consumption is used for regeneration of dehumidizer. Liquid desiccant air conditioning is able to use low-grade heat; and that helps to saving energy, protecting environment, and improving indoor air quality, it has abilities of removing germs and energy accumulation as well. Because it’s a brand new air conditioning technology, many countries have already plunged into its researching and designing.
Humiture independent controlling AC system is regarded as an efficient way which benefits reducing energy consumption, improving indoor air quality and optimizing energy structure. According to this conception, characteristics of climate along Yangtze River Valley were summarized. Indoors and outdoors humidity loads among nine big cities in this area were analyzed as well. Then the thermal environment designing index of indoor and outdoor in both winter and summer could be determined. After that numerical calculation and simulation were proceed respectively based on designing parameters of outdoor and meteorological parameters of typical year. The results showed humidity loads’characteristics in these cities: the average humidification load is 696g/h in winter, mean dehumidification load is 3.8kg/h in summer. Furthermore, dehumidification load of fresh air shares 85~88% of the whole humidification load. According to various areas, regression equations were deduced. Moreover, the influences of designing temperature and RH were counted in. And the results indicated that once there is 1℃change of interior setting temperature, the humidity load will change by 125~194g/h. if the interior setting RH changes 10%, then humidity load will change by 450~750g/h. The comparison between results of two measures fingered out that calculating error is within 15 percent, so they have consistency.
The devices of humiture independent controlling AC system are discrepant from traditional ones. This article summed up cold/heat sources and terminals of humiture independent controlling system. System can not only make full use of natural cold source, but also increase the efficiency of air conditioning, and it reduces energy consumption. The terminals could be divided into two parts: temperature control and humidity control. Each controlling method could be mated, thus, certain humiture independent controlling system could be established to fit certain conditions. The article released a new practical designing patent based on this conception. Its feasibility was verified. Anyway, this technology has a bright future to be generalized in Yangtze River Valley.
Experiments of small-scaled liquid desiccant AC system were described in this article. Firstly, we did the experiment on moisture absorpting performance of anhydrous CaCl2.The result indicated that CaCl2 has strong capacity of hygroscopy, and humidity of air has an crucial effect on its hygroscopy. Besides, we built up an experimental device of small-scaled liquid desiccant AC system to research on dehumidification and regeneration of CaCl2 solution. Experimental results shows that there are 3 factors which mainly works on performance of CaCl2 solution, they are temperature of solution, concentration of solution and humidity of inlet air. The capacity of CaCl2 solution’dehumidification is 3.38g/kg in experimental condition. And the regenerating performance is about 1.3~2.9 times than that of dehumidifying. After summarizing, liquid desiccant dehumidification with CaCl2 solution has large potential to be improved and generalized.
引文
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