基于主动控制—基底隔震混合控制系统的结构动力优化研究
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摘要
被动控制系统和主动控制系统都有各自不可克服的缺点，而采用混合控制系统则可充分利用二者的优点，克服二者的缺点，从而拓宽控制系统的应用范围。结构动力优化设计是当前工程结构设计研究领域中的前沿性课题。大量研究事实表明，欲改善结构和机械系统的动态特性，达到控制振动之目的或者确保它们在动力环境下能够安全可靠的工作，最为行之有效的办法就是进行结构的动力优化设计。
基于上述思想，本文研究了主动控制-基底隔震混合控制系统，即在隔震层连接主动控制器，通过主动控制器施加控制力来控制橡胶隔震器水平变形的混合控制系统；改进瞬时最优控制算法，使之其能对被动控制系统和主动控制系统同时进行最优控制，达到最佳的控制效果；建立了基于改进后瞬时最优控制算法的主动控制-基底隔震结构地震反应状态方程，推导出了主被动控制力的表达式。同时为达到更好的控制效果，对主动控制-基底隔震混合控制系统与结构主体进行一体化动力优化设计，从能量的角度出发建立目标函数。最后进行了算例分析，结果表明：对比传统设计方法，本文建议的改进后的瞬时最优控制算法有着更好的控制效果；同时整个系统经一体化动力优化设计后抗震性能有显著的提高。
Passive control system and active control system have some difficulties respectively which can't be overcome by now, but hybrid control system can make use of their advantages and overcome their disadvantages, and then extends the applied range of control system. Structural dynamic optimum design is an advanced subject in the field of engineering structure design at present. Plenty of research facts have proved that, for improving the dynamic characteristics of the structure or mechamsm system to achieve the aim of vibration-control or guarantee them to work safely and reliably in the dynamic environment, one of the best effective method is structural dynamic optimum design.
According to this idea, the hybrid control system of active control combined with base-isolation, which is consisted of base-isolation and active controller, controlling the level distortion of rubber-bearing isolation through active controller, is researched in this thesis. In order to attain optimal control of both active control system and passive control system simultaneously and thereby achieve the best result, the instantaneous optimal control method is researched and improved. Basing on the improved instantaneous optimal control method, the status equation of the hybrid control system in earthquake is established, and the expressions of both active and passive control force are deduced. To get better control result, the integrative dynamical optimization design for both the hybrid control system and the superstructure is adopted and the objective function is found due to the energy
基于上述思想，本文研究了主动控制-基底隔震混合控制系统，即在隔震层连接主动控制器，通过主动控制器施加控制力来控制橡胶隔震器水平变形的混合控制系统；改进瞬时最优控制算法，使之其能对被动控制系统和主动控制系统同时进行最优控制，达到最佳的控制效果；建立了基于改进后瞬时最优控制算法的主动控制-基底隔震结构地震反应状态方程，推导出了主被动控制力的表达式。同时为达到更好的控制效果，对主动控制-基底隔震混合控制系统与结构主体进行一体化动力优化设计，从能量的角度出发建立目标函数。最后进行了算例分析，结果表明：对比传统设计方法，本文建议的改进后的瞬时最优控制算法有着更好的控制效果；同时整个系统经一体化动力优化设计后抗震性能有显著的提高。
Passive control system and active control system have some difficulties respectively which can't be overcome by now, but hybrid control system can make use of their advantages and overcome their disadvantages, and then extends the applied range of control system. Structural dynamic optimum design is an advanced subject in the field of engineering structure design at present. Plenty of research facts have proved that, for improving the dynamic characteristics of the structure or mechamsm system to achieve the aim of vibration-control or guarantee them to work safely and reliably in the dynamic environment, one of the best effective method is structural dynamic optimum design.
According to this idea, the hybrid control system of active control combined with base-isolation, which is consisted of base-isolation and active controller, controlling the level distortion of rubber-bearing isolation through active controller, is researched in this thesis. In order to attain optimal control of both active control system and passive control system simultaneously and thereby achieve the best result, the instantaneous optimal control method is researched and improved. Basing on the improved instantaneous optimal control method, the status equation of the hybrid control system in earthquake is established, and the expressions of both active and passive control force are deduced. To get better control result, the integrative dynamical optimization design for both the hybrid control system and the superstructure is adopted and the objective function is found due to the energy
引文
1 周福霖．工程结构减振控制．北京，地震出版社．1997，4
2 桂国庆．结构控制技术发展现状与展望．南昌大学学报，1994，16(4)：17-23
3 日本免震构造协会．叶列平译．图解隔震结构入门．北京，科学出版社，1998：54-72．
4 周福霖．隔震消能减震和结构控制技术的发展和应用(上、下)．世界地震工程，1989(4)，1990(1)
5 欧进萍．结构振动控制—主动、半主动和智能控制．北京，科学出版社，2003：1-10
6 Yao. J. T. P. Concept of Structral Control Using Active Tuned Mass Damper. J Engrg Mech Div, ASCE, 1980, 106(6): 1091-1098
7 阎维明，周福霖，谭平．土木工程结构振动控制的研究进展．世界地震工程，1997，13(2)：8-18
8 顾仲权，马扣根，陈卫东．振动主动控制．北京，国防工业出版社，1997，6
9 Yang. J. N. New Optimal Control Algorithms for Structural Control. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1987, 113 (9)
10 齐凯．从10WCEE看结构控制技术发展现状．世界地震卫程，1994，(2)
11 Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation. Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control. Redwood, California, 1993, 2 (ACT17-1)
12 Niordson. F. I. The optimum design of a vibrating beams. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 1965, 23(1): 47-53
13 Karihaloo. B. L, Niordson. F. I. Optimum design of vibrating cantilevers beam. J Opt Theory & App, 1973, 6: 705-712
14 Rao S S. Optimization of airplane wing structures under taxiing loads. Computers & Structures, 1987, 26(3): 467-479
15 陈建军，段宝岩，王德满，王芳林．我国结构可靠性优化研究综述．计算力学学报，1997，14(增刊)：477-482
16 薛素铎，赵均，高向宇．建筑抗震设计．北京，科学出版社，2003：329-341
17 中国建筑科学研究院．GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范．11：中国建筑工业出 版社，2001．
18 J. N. Yang, Z. Li, A. Danielians and S. C. Liu. Aseismic Hybrid Control of Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures Ⅰ. J. of Engineering Mechanics. Vol. 118, No.7, 1992: 1423-1439
19 J. N. Yang, Z. Li, A. Danielians and S. C. Liu. Aseismic Hybrid Control of Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures Ⅱ. J. of Engineering Mechanics. Vol.118, No.7, 1992: 1441-1456
20 J. A. Inaudi and J. M. Kelly. Hybrid Isolation Systems for Equipment Protection. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1993, Vol.22: 297-313
21 S. R. Tzan and P. Pantelides. Hybrid Structural Control Using Viscoelastic Dampers and Active Control Systems. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1994, Vol.23: 1369-1388
22 J. N. Yang, J. C. Wu, K. Kaw ashima and S. Unjoh. Hybrid Control of Seismic — excited Bridges Structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol.24, 1995: 1437-1451
23 唐家祥，刘再华．建筑结构基础隔震．武汉，华中理工大学出版，1993．
24 张提波，唐家祥．主动基础隔震结构随机最优控制．噪声与振动控制，1994，2：2-5
25 于建华，谢用九，魏泳涛．高等结构动力学．成都，四川大学出版社，2001
26 王肇民．高耸结构振动控制．上海，同济大学出版社，1997
27 刘季，周云．结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(下)——主动控制混合控制及半主动控制．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，1995，28(5)：1-6
28 张光澄．最优控制计算方法．成都，成都科技大学出版社，1991
29 李国勇．最优控制理论及参数优化．北京，国防工业出版社，2006
30 杨飚，欧进萍．结构瞬时最优控制参数影响的数值分析．世界地震工程，2004，20(3)：26-31
31 张旭红，周云，张善元．结构随机振动混合控制整体优化．工程力学，2003，20(1)：37-41
32 顾仲权，马扣根，陈卫东．振动主动控制．北京，国防工业出版社，1997：245-250
33 北村春幸．裴星洙，廖红建，张立译．基于性能设计的建筑振动解析．西安，西安交通大学出版社，2004：126-158
34 Arora J S. Optimization of structures subjected to dynamic loads. Structural Dynamic Systems Computational Techniques and Optimization, edited by Leondes C. T., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1999, 1-72.
35 Grandhi R V, Haftka R T, and Watson L T. Efficient identification of critical subject to dynamic loads. Computers and Structures, 1986, 22(3): 373-386.
36 Tseng C H and Arora J S. Optimum design of systems for dynamics and controls using Sequential Quadratic Programming. AIAA Journal, 1989, 27(12): 1793-1800.
37 何旭初，孙麟平．约束最优化方法．南京，南京大学出版社，1986．
38 钱令希，钟万勰，程耿束等．工程结构优化的序列二次规划．固体力学学报．1983，(4)：469-480
39 武田寿一．纪晓慧，陈良译．建筑物隔震、防震与控震．北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
40 王光远．结构优化设计．北京，高等教育出版社，1987
41 董明耀．抗震结构的优化设计．哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报，1986，(2)：42-57
42 程耿东．工程结构优化设计基础．北京：水利电力出版社，1984：235-248
43 Malhotra P K. Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1999, 28(11): 1309-1326.
44 Sinha S C, Li G N. Optimum designing of base-isolated structures with dynamic absorber.. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1994, 120(2): 221—231.
45 Park J G. Otsuka H. Optimal yield level of bilinear seismic isolation devices. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1999, 28(9): 941-955
46 李刚，杨迪雄，程耿东．基于性能的隔震结构动力优化设计．大连理工大学学，2006，36(1)：18-13．
2 桂国庆．结构控制技术发展现状与展望．南昌大学学报，1994，16(4)：17-23
3 日本免震构造协会．叶列平译．图解隔震结构入门．北京，科学出版社，1998：54-72．
4 周福霖．隔震消能减震和结构控制技术的发展和应用(上、下)．世界地震工程，1989(4)，1990(1)
5 欧进萍．结构振动控制—主动、半主动和智能控制．北京，科学出版社，2003：1-10
6 Yao. J. T. P. Concept of Structral Control Using Active Tuned Mass Damper. J Engrg Mech Div, ASCE, 1980, 106(6): 1091-1098
7 阎维明，周福霖，谭平．土木工程结构振动控制的研究进展．世界地震工程，1997，13(2)：8-18
8 顾仲权，马扣根，陈卫东．振动主动控制．北京，国防工业出版社，1997，6
9 Yang. J. N. New Optimal Control Algorithms for Structural Control. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1987, 113 (9)
10 齐凯．从10WCEE看结构控制技术发展现状．世界地震卫程，1994，(2)
11 Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation. Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control. Redwood, California, 1993, 2 (ACT17-1)
12 Niordson. F. I. The optimum design of a vibrating beams. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 1965, 23(1): 47-53
13 Karihaloo. B. L, Niordson. F. I. Optimum design of vibrating cantilevers beam. J Opt Theory & App, 1973, 6: 705-712
14 Rao S S. Optimization of airplane wing structures under taxiing loads. Computers & Structures, 1987, 26(3): 467-479
15 陈建军，段宝岩，王德满，王芳林．我国结构可靠性优化研究综述．计算力学学报，1997，14(增刊)：477-482
16 薛素铎，赵均，高向宇．建筑抗震设计．北京，科学出版社，2003：329-341
17 中国建筑科学研究院．GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范．11：中国建筑工业出 版社，2001．
18 J. N. Yang, Z. Li, A. Danielians and S. C. Liu. Aseismic Hybrid Control of Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures Ⅰ. J. of Engineering Mechanics. Vol. 118, No.7, 1992: 1423-1439
19 J. N. Yang, Z. Li, A. Danielians and S. C. Liu. Aseismic Hybrid Control of Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures Ⅱ. J. of Engineering Mechanics. Vol.118, No.7, 1992: 1441-1456
20 J. A. Inaudi and J. M. Kelly. Hybrid Isolation Systems for Equipment Protection. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1993, Vol.22: 297-313
21 S. R. Tzan and P. Pantelides. Hybrid Structural Control Using Viscoelastic Dampers and Active Control Systems. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1994, Vol.23: 1369-1388
22 J. N. Yang, J. C. Wu, K. Kaw ashima and S. Unjoh. Hybrid Control of Seismic — excited Bridges Structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol.24, 1995: 1437-1451
23 唐家祥，刘再华．建筑结构基础隔震．武汉，华中理工大学出版，1993．
24 张提波，唐家祥．主动基础隔震结构随机最优控制．噪声与振动控制，1994，2：2-5
25 于建华，谢用九，魏泳涛．高等结构动力学．成都，四川大学出版社，2001
26 王肇民．高耸结构振动控制．上海，同济大学出版社，1997
27 刘季，周云．结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(下)——主动控制混合控制及半主动控制．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，1995，28(5)：1-6
28 张光澄．最优控制计算方法．成都，成都科技大学出版社，1991
29 李国勇．最优控制理论及参数优化．北京，国防工业出版社，2006
30 杨飚，欧进萍．结构瞬时最优控制参数影响的数值分析．世界地震工程，2004，20(3)：26-31
31 张旭红，周云，张善元．结构随机振动混合控制整体优化．工程力学，2003，20(1)：37-41
32 顾仲权，马扣根，陈卫东．振动主动控制．北京，国防工业出版社，1997：245-250
33 北村春幸．裴星洙，廖红建，张立译．基于性能设计的建筑振动解析．西安，西安交通大学出版社，2004：126-158
34 Arora J S. Optimization of structures subjected to dynamic loads. Structural Dynamic Systems Computational Techniques and Optimization, edited by Leondes C. T., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1999, 1-72.
35 Grandhi R V, Haftka R T, and Watson L T. Efficient identification of critical subject to dynamic loads. Computers and Structures, 1986, 22(3): 373-386.
36 Tseng C H and Arora J S. Optimum design of systems for dynamics and controls using Sequential Quadratic Programming. AIAA Journal, 1989, 27(12): 1793-1800.
37 何旭初，孙麟平．约束最优化方法．南京，南京大学出版社，1986．
38 钱令希，钟万勰，程耿束等．工程结构优化的序列二次规划．固体力学学报．1983，(4)：469-480
39 武田寿一．纪晓慧，陈良译．建筑物隔震、防震与控震．北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
40 王光远．结构优化设计．北京，高等教育出版社，1987
41 董明耀．抗震结构的优化设计．哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报，1986，(2)：42-57
42 程耿东．工程结构优化设计基础．北京：水利电力出版社，1984：235-248
43 Malhotra P K. Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1999, 28(11): 1309-1326.
44 Sinha S C, Li G N. Optimum designing of base-isolated structures with dynamic absorber.. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1994, 120(2): 221—231.
45 Park J G. Otsuka H. Optimal yield level of bilinear seismic isolation devices. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1999, 28(9): 941-955
46 李刚，杨迪雄，程耿东．基于性能的隔震结构动力优化设计．大连理工大学学，2006，36(1)：18-13．