金沙江白鹤滩水电站恩子坪1~#滑坡稳定性研究
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摘要
白鹤滩水电站是金沙江干流攀枝花至宜宾河段梯级开发中的第二级水电站,是我国继三峡、溪洛渡水电站之后开展前期工作的又一座千万千瓦级以上的巨型水电站。恩子坪1~#滑坡位于白鹤滩水电站坝址下游5km左右,其失稳破坏不会直接威胁枢纽建筑物的安全,也不存在水库淤积问题。但是,滑坡可能造成的涌浪和堵江,对枢纽建筑的安全有不同程度的影响,主要表现在:首先,滑体以一定的速度滑入水库,必定会产生一定高度的涌浪,并对大坝等水工建筑物产生一定的影响;其次,滑坡堵江一旦形成"二道坝",致使尾水抬升,将会对地下厂房造成巨大威胁。
本文详细阐明了白鹤滩水电站坝址下游的恩子坪1~#滑坡的工程地质条件,结合具体的工程实践,在现场实地调查、钻孔资料及平硐资料的基础上,从滑坡的形态特征、物质组成特征及变形破坏特征三个方面概括该滑坡的基本特征;从滑坡的形成条件着手,对其成因机制进行分析判断,并通过二维离散元模拟对成因机制进行验证,认为该滑坡初期以滑移-剪切型为主,中后期破坏过程则比较复杂,其间可能还存在卸荷作用的影响;在机制分析的基础上确定地质模型和破坏模式后,运用定性判断和定量计算对滑坡目前的稳定性和可能的变化发展趋势进行分析评价,这对于降低滑坡产生的危害及损失是非常必要的。
本次采用地质判断和极限平衡法等方法,对滑坡的整体稳定性、局部稳定性以及水库蓄水后的稳定性进行系统分析、计算与评价,并通过三维有限元软件FLAC~(3D)进行数值模拟,对滑坡的应力场特征以及变形特征进行分析,并将模拟结果同上述结论及结果进行对比分析,以达到相互校核的效果。通过对该滑坡的破坏形式及破坏规模进行分析及研究,确定在滑坡一旦发生整体滑动的特殊情况下,从其发生以后产生的涌浪高度和是否堵江两个问题进行计算分析,以此为基础进行危害性评价。
研究结果表明,恩子坪1~#滑坡天然状态下整体稳定性较好,暴雨和地震状态下滑坡整体稳定性所受影响较大,但仍能满足安全标准。通过局部稳定性分析,恩子坪1~#滑坡中后部由于地形变坡点较多,失稳部位分布在Ⅰ区前缘的陡坡地段,失稳方式为解体破坏,Ⅲ区平台和Ⅱ区的局部缓台成为停积场所,不会进入金沙江产生滑坡堵江。涌浪计算结果表明,传到大坝附近的涌浪高度仅0.5m,对工程影响甚微。
Bai Hetan Hydropower Station is main river to yibin jinshajiang cascade exploitation of producing thesecond level hydropower station , Is our country after three gorges, xiluodu hydropower station in the prophase work again after a million kilowatt above the giant hydropower station. En Ziping 1~# Landslide lies in Bai Hetan Hydropower Station, the downstream dam around 5km instability and failure not direct threat hub building security, also does not exist. Reservoir deposition. But, the landslide could cause waves and blocking river, on the project construction safety the influence of different level, mainly displays in: first, slippery body at a certain speed sliding into reservoir, will produce a certain height, the waves of dams and other hydraulic structures and produce certain effect; Secondly, the landslide plugging river once formed "second plugging dam" , will tail water poses a great threat to underground powerhouse.
This thesis clarifies the engineering geology of Enziping 1~# slide in the downriver of Baihetan Hydropower station. Combined with the engineering practice, the specific field survey, drilling material and flat adit material, and on the basis of the morphological characteristics, from landslide composition characteristics of deformation and destruction features three aspects the basic characteristics of the summary of the landslide; Based on the perambulation, it analysed the basic character of slide, made the macroscopical judgement of the existence condition and cause of formation, and validated it with 2D discrete element simulation,Think of the landslide are mainly by sliding - shear early, middle failure process is more complicated, meanwhile may still exist, the influence of unloading effect ;Based on the analysis of the mechanism of geological model and determined after using qualitative failure modes, judgment and quantitative calculation of landslide currently possible changes in the stability and development trend analysis and evaluation, this to reduce the harm and loss landslide produce is very necessary.
Comprehensive analysis, En Ziping 1~# Landsl This thesis also did the systematic analysis, caculation and estimate of the stability after sluice. As the fatalness estimate, it also analysed the stress and distortion character through 3d finite element software FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation. And with the above conclusions and simulated results results are compared to achieve mutual checking analyzed the effect. Based on this landslide destroying forms and failure analysis and research on the scale, identified in the event the whole sliding landslide from the special circumstances, the waves generated happened height and whether plugging river two problems based on calculation and analysis ,thus depriving harmful evaluation.
The results of the study show that natural state whole stability of landslide is good, heavy rains and earthquake of landslide overall stability influence though larger, but still could satisfy the safety standards. Local stability analysis results show that En Ziping 1~# Landslide hind the terrain, the changing slope point more instability inⅠarea leading position distribution the steep slope of the location, instability modeⅢarea for destruction, the disintegration of the platform andⅡlocal slow sets become stop product place, Won't enter jinshajiang river, Calculation results show that waves near to the dam, only 0.5 m, high waves of engineering with little impact.
本文详细阐明了白鹤滩水电站坝址下游的恩子坪1~#滑坡的工程地质条件,结合具体的工程实践,在现场实地调查、钻孔资料及平硐资料的基础上,从滑坡的形态特征、物质组成特征及变形破坏特征三个方面概括该滑坡的基本特征;从滑坡的形成条件着手,对其成因机制进行分析判断,并通过二维离散元模拟对成因机制进行验证,认为该滑坡初期以滑移-剪切型为主,中后期破坏过程则比较复杂,其间可能还存在卸荷作用的影响;在机制分析的基础上确定地质模型和破坏模式后,运用定性判断和定量计算对滑坡目前的稳定性和可能的变化发展趋势进行分析评价,这对于降低滑坡产生的危害及损失是非常必要的。
本次采用地质判断和极限平衡法等方法,对滑坡的整体稳定性、局部稳定性以及水库蓄水后的稳定性进行系统分析、计算与评价,并通过三维有限元软件FLAC~(3D)进行数值模拟,对滑坡的应力场特征以及变形特征进行分析,并将模拟结果同上述结论及结果进行对比分析,以达到相互校核的效果。通过对该滑坡的破坏形式及破坏规模进行分析及研究,确定在滑坡一旦发生整体滑动的特殊情况下,从其发生以后产生的涌浪高度和是否堵江两个问题进行计算分析,以此为基础进行危害性评价。
研究结果表明,恩子坪1~#滑坡天然状态下整体稳定性较好,暴雨和地震状态下滑坡整体稳定性所受影响较大,但仍能满足安全标准。通过局部稳定性分析,恩子坪1~#滑坡中后部由于地形变坡点较多,失稳部位分布在Ⅰ区前缘的陡坡地段,失稳方式为解体破坏,Ⅲ区平台和Ⅱ区的局部缓台成为停积场所,不会进入金沙江产生滑坡堵江。涌浪计算结果表明,传到大坝附近的涌浪高度仅0.5m,对工程影响甚微。
Bai Hetan Hydropower Station is main river to yibin jinshajiang cascade exploitation of producing thesecond level hydropower station , Is our country after three gorges, xiluodu hydropower station in the prophase work again after a million kilowatt above the giant hydropower station. En Ziping 1~# Landslide lies in Bai Hetan Hydropower Station, the downstream dam around 5km instability and failure not direct threat hub building security, also does not exist. Reservoir deposition. But, the landslide could cause waves and blocking river, on the project construction safety the influence of different level, mainly displays in: first, slippery body at a certain speed sliding into reservoir, will produce a certain height, the waves of dams and other hydraulic structures and produce certain effect; Secondly, the landslide plugging river once formed "second plugging dam" , will tail water poses a great threat to underground powerhouse.
This thesis clarifies the engineering geology of Enziping 1~# slide in the downriver of Baihetan Hydropower station. Combined with the engineering practice, the specific field survey, drilling material and flat adit material, and on the basis of the morphological characteristics, from landslide composition characteristics of deformation and destruction features three aspects the basic characteristics of the summary of the landslide; Based on the perambulation, it analysed the basic character of slide, made the macroscopical judgement of the existence condition and cause of formation, and validated it with 2D discrete element simulation,Think of the landslide are mainly by sliding - shear early, middle failure process is more complicated, meanwhile may still exist, the influence of unloading effect ;Based on the analysis of the mechanism of geological model and determined after using qualitative failure modes, judgment and quantitative calculation of landslide currently possible changes in the stability and development trend analysis and evaluation, this to reduce the harm and loss landslide produce is very necessary.
Comprehensive analysis, En Ziping 1~# Landsl This thesis also did the systematic analysis, caculation and estimate of the stability after sluice. As the fatalness estimate, it also analysed the stress and distortion character through 3d finite element software FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation. And with the above conclusions and simulated results results are compared to achieve mutual checking analyzed the effect. Based on this landslide destroying forms and failure analysis and research on the scale, identified in the event the whole sliding landslide from the special circumstances, the waves generated happened height and whether plugging river two problems based on calculation and analysis ,thus depriving harmful evaluation.
The results of the study show that natural state whole stability of landslide is good, heavy rains and earthquake of landslide overall stability influence though larger, but still could satisfy the safety standards. Local stability analysis results show that En Ziping 1~# Landslide hind the terrain, the changing slope point more instability inⅠarea leading position distribution the steep slope of the location, instability modeⅢarea for destruction, the disintegration of the platform andⅡlocal slow sets become stop product place, Won't enter jinshajiang river, Calculation results show that waves near to the dam, only 0.5 m, high waves of engineering with little impact.
引文
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