库区滑坡涌浪的产生及其传播过程的研究
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摘要
由于库区水利工程建设规模的加大,存着着大量的有隐患的滑坡,滑坡下滑引起滑坡涌浪,将对库区两岸居民的生活、航运、过往的船只造成极大的威胁。滑坡涌浪带来的一系列问题已经引起了国家相关部门的极大重视。研究三维滑坡涌浪的产生及其传播的过程的规律和影响因素,对于滑坡涌浪灾害的预防及其相关防范工程的建设有着极大的意义。
本文通过物理模型实验和数值模型实验进行计算和验证,对于两种体积相同形状不同的滑块从高度和坡角各不相同的滑坡上下滑时,引起的涌浪及其涌浪的传播过程进行了研究。
在物理模型实验中,通过对实验数据进行分析,探讨了长梯形滑块和楔形体滑块分别不同高度的滑坡下滑之后引起涌浪首浪在时间上的差异;之后针对长梯形滑,分别研究了滑坡高度和坡角对涌浪的高度及其周期的影响;最后探讨了体积相同形状不同的滑坡对涌浪的高度及其周期的影响。(管)
在数值模型中,采用FOLW3D软件,建立了基于VOF法追踪自由面的三维数值水槽模型,先对物理模型实验的结果进行验证,证明软件参数的设置及其选用方法的正确性;之后滑块下滑之后自由液面随时间的变化进行了研究,最后研究了不同高度的水面流场的异同。并对最终结果进行了可视化。
Due to the increase of the size of the water project construction in the reservoir area, there exists a large number of landslide hazards.The surge caused by the landslide will cause serious threat to the people living in the both sides of the reservoir area.,shipping and passing ships. A series of problems caused by landslide surge have aroused the attention of the relevant departments of national. The study of the formation of three-dimensional landslide surge ,the law and impact factors of propagation has great significance to the prevention of the disaster landslide surge and construction projects related to prevention. In this paper, the study is conducted by physical mode
Tests and numerical simulations to calculate and verify the surge caused by slides and its propagation when the two sliders that being the same volume but different shapes slide from the slope that being the both different height and toe.
In the physical model experiment,the differences in time of the first wave caused respectively by long trapezoidal slider and wedge slider shape decline at different height of landslide were researched through analysis experimental data.The effect of landslide's slope and height to the cycle and height of waves caused by long trapezoidal sliders were studied respectively.Finally,the influence of the same volume but different shape landslide to the height and cycle of waves caused by sliders were discussed.
Owning to FOLW3D software,it establishes the 3d numerical sink model which tracks free surface based on VOF method in numerical model.First,the physical results of model experiments are verified so as to prove the correctness of software parameter setting and selected methods;Then free liquid surface after slider gliding which changes with time were studied.Finally the similarities and differences of surface flow velocity field in different height are researched and the final results are visible.
本文通过物理模型实验和数值模型实验进行计算和验证,对于两种体积相同形状不同的滑块从高度和坡角各不相同的滑坡上下滑时,引起的涌浪及其涌浪的传播过程进行了研究。
在物理模型实验中,通过对实验数据进行分析,探讨了长梯形滑块和楔形体滑块分别不同高度的滑坡下滑之后引起涌浪首浪在时间上的差异;之后针对长梯形滑,分别研究了滑坡高度和坡角对涌浪的高度及其周期的影响;最后探讨了体积相同形状不同的滑坡对涌浪的高度及其周期的影响。(管)
在数值模型中,采用FOLW3D软件,建立了基于VOF法追踪自由面的三维数值水槽模型,先对物理模型实验的结果进行验证,证明软件参数的设置及其选用方法的正确性;之后滑块下滑之后自由液面随时间的变化进行了研究,最后研究了不同高度的水面流场的异同。并对最终结果进行了可视化。
Due to the increase of the size of the water project construction in the reservoir area, there exists a large number of landslide hazards.The surge caused by the landslide will cause serious threat to the people living in the both sides of the reservoir area.,shipping and passing ships. A series of problems caused by landslide surge have aroused the attention of the relevant departments of national. The study of the formation of three-dimensional landslide surge ,the law and impact factors of propagation has great significance to the prevention of the disaster landslide surge and construction projects related to prevention. In this paper, the study is conducted by physical mode
Tests and numerical simulations to calculate and verify the surge caused by slides and its propagation when the two sliders that being the same volume but different shapes slide from the slope that being the both different height and toe.
In the physical model experiment,the differences in time of the first wave caused respectively by long trapezoidal slider and wedge slider shape decline at different height of landslide were researched through analysis experimental data.The effect of landslide's slope and height to the cycle and height of waves caused by long trapezoidal sliders were studied respectively.Finally,the influence of the same volume but different shape landslide to the height and cycle of waves caused by sliders were discussed.
Owning to FOLW3D software,it establishes the 3d numerical sink model which tracks free surface based on VOF method in numerical model.First,the physical results of model experiments are verified so as to prove the correctness of software parameter setting and selected methods;Then free liquid surface after slider gliding which changes with time were studied.Finally the similarities and differences of surface flow velocity field in different height are researched and the final results are visible.
引文
[1]陶孝铨.李家峡水库正常运行期的滑坡涌浪实验研究.西北水电,1994(1),42-45
[2]王晓鸿,刘汉超,张倬元.滑坡有涌浪的二维有限元分析.地址灾害与环境保护,1996(4):9-22
[3]哈秋舲,胡维德.水库滑坡涌浪计算.人民黄河,1980(2)
[4]王天士等.大型水域水岩相互作用及其环境效应演剧.地质灾害与环境保护,1993.3
[5]周炎刚,李中云,李平.西藏易贡巨型滑坡水文抢险预测.人民长江,2000.9
[6]朱博琴,聂跃平.易贡巨型高速滑坡卫星遥感动态监测.自然灾害学报,2001.8
[7]王育林,陈凤云,齐华林,李一兵.危岩体崩滑对航道影响及滑坡涌浪特性研究.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994(3):95-100
[8]郭厚祯,新滩滑坡涌浪调查报告.长江科学院报告,1985.7
[9]汪定扬,刘世凯.长江新滩滑坡涌浪(1985年6月)调查研究.人民长江,1986.10
[10]胡杰,王道熊,胡斌.库岸滑坡灾害及其涌浪分析.华东交通大学学报,2003.10
[11]周炎刚,李云中,李平.西藏易贡巨型滑坡水文抢险工作.人民长江,2009.9
[12]郭洪巍,吴葱葱.水库滑坡涌浪的数学模型及其应用.华北水利水电学院学报,2000.3
[13]郭崇元.大型滑坡及其滑速计算.水利水电科学研究院研究论文集,1982(8)
[14]郭崇元.龙羊峡水库滑坡的滑速估计(流体力学法).水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集第30集(结构材料、岩土工程、抗震与爆破)
[15]汪洋.殷俊龙.水库库岸滑坡的运动过程分析及初始涌浪的计算.地球科学.中国地质大学学报,2003(9)
[16]李数武,刘慧军.某水电站库区滑坡滑速涌浪预测.地质灾害与环境保护,2006(3)
[17] Noda.E,Waters waves generated by Landslide.Proc.ACSE.J.of the Waterwags Harbors ,and Coastal Engng.Div.,Vol.96.No.WW4,1976
[18] Watts P, Water waves generated by underwater landslides .1997
[19] Iwasaki S. Experimental ental study of a Tsanumi generated by a horizental of a sloping bottom.Bulletin of The Earthquake Ersearch Institute 1982;57:329-362
[20] Heinrich P Nonliner water waves gengrated by submirine and aerial landslides 1992(3)
[21]庞昌俊.二维斜滑坡涌浪的试验研究.水利学报,1985(11)
[22]袁银忠,陈青生.滑坡涌浪的数值计算及试验研究.河海大学学报,1990(5)
[23]姜治兵,水库滑坡涌浪灾害的数值研究.[长江科学院硕士学位论文],武汉,长江科学院,2004年
[24]任坤杰.滑坡涌浪模拟方法研究. [长江科学院硕士学位论文],武汉,长江科学院,2003年
[25]宋新远,邢爱国,陈龙珠.二维滑坡涌浪数值模拟研究.第六届全国土木工程研究生学术论文,清华大学,2008年
[26]周桂云,水库边坡稳定分析方法及滑坡涌浪数值模拟研究,南京,河海大学,2007年12月
[27] Liu L-F,Wu T-R,Raichlen F,Synolakis C E and Borrero J C.Runup and rundown generated by-three-dimensional sliding masses.Fluid,Mech.,2005,5(36):107-144.
[28]潘家铮,建筑物的抗滑稳定性和滑坡分析,水利出版社,1980年
[29]陈学德,水库滑坡涌浪研究的综合评述.水电科研与实践,1984,1(1):78-86
[30]金德镰,王耕夫.拓溪水库塘岩光滑坡.中国岩石力学与工程学会地面岩石工程专业委员会.中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会.中国典型滑坡.北京:科学出版社,1984.1(1):78-86.
[31] Saad Y, Schultz MH. GMRES.A generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear systerms. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, 1986, 7: 856~869.
[32] [43]R.F.de Carvalho.J.S Antunes do Carmo IMAR,Landslides into reservoirs and their impact on banks.Civil Engineering Department,University of Combra,Envior Fluid Mech(2007)7:481-493
[33]Ajmani K, Ng W F, Liou MS. Preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for Navier-Stokes equations. Journal of Computational Physics, 1994, 110(1): 68~81.
[34]Hong L, Joseph D B, Rainald L. A fast, matrix-free implicit method for compressible flows on unstructured grids. Journal of Computational Physics, 1998, 146(2): 664-690.
[35]张婷,波浪的三维数值模拟及其应用. [天津大学硕士学位论文],2009年,天津
[36]Hirt C W, Nichols B D. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundary. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39(1): 201-225.
[37]赵大勇,李维仲. VOF方法中几种界面重构技术的比较.热科学与技术, 2003, 2(4): 318-322.
[38] Francois Enet,Stephan T.Grilli,Philip Watts .Laboratory Experiments for Tsunamis Gengreted by Underwater Landslides:Comparision with of The Thirteenth (2003)International Offshore and Polar engineer Conference, Honolulu,Hawaii, USA, May 25-30,2003
[39] Tso-Ren Wu .A Numerical Study of Three-dimensional Breaking Waves and Turbulence effects .Presented ro the Faculty of the Graduate Schllo of CornellUniversity in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ,2004
[40]杜小弢,吴卫,龚凯,刘烨.二维滑坡涌浪的SPH数值模拟.水动力学研究与进展, 1000-4874(2006)05-0576-06
[41]汪洋,殷坤龙,水库宽库岸滑坡涌浪的传播与爬高研究岩土力学1000-7598-(2008)04-1031-04
[42]任坤杰,金峰,徐勤勤.滑坡涌浪垂面二维数值模拟.长江科学院院报, 1001-5485(2006)02-0001-04
[43]R.F.de Carvalho.J.S Antunes do Carmo IMAR,Civil Engineering Department, University of Combra,Envior Fluid Mech(2007)7:481-493
[44]王兰生.意大利瓦伊昂水库滑坡考察.中国地质灾害与防治学报。1003-8035(2007)03-0145-04
[45]杜伯辉,柘溪水库塘岩光滑坡——我国首例水库蓄水初期诱发的大型滑坡.中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会,第二届岩土与工程学术大会论文集(上册),中国湖北武汉
[2]王晓鸿,刘汉超,张倬元.滑坡有涌浪的二维有限元分析.地址灾害与环境保护,1996(4):9-22
[3]哈秋舲,胡维德.水库滑坡涌浪计算.人民黄河,1980(2)
[4]王天士等.大型水域水岩相互作用及其环境效应演剧.地质灾害与环境保护,1993.3
[5]周炎刚,李中云,李平.西藏易贡巨型滑坡水文抢险预测.人民长江,2000.9
[6]朱博琴,聂跃平.易贡巨型高速滑坡卫星遥感动态监测.自然灾害学报,2001.8
[7]王育林,陈凤云,齐华林,李一兵.危岩体崩滑对航道影响及滑坡涌浪特性研究.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994(3):95-100
[8]郭厚祯,新滩滑坡涌浪调查报告.长江科学院报告,1985.7
[9]汪定扬,刘世凯.长江新滩滑坡涌浪(1985年6月)调查研究.人民长江,1986.10
[10]胡杰,王道熊,胡斌.库岸滑坡灾害及其涌浪分析.华东交通大学学报,2003.10
[11]周炎刚,李云中,李平.西藏易贡巨型滑坡水文抢险工作.人民长江,2009.9
[12]郭洪巍,吴葱葱.水库滑坡涌浪的数学模型及其应用.华北水利水电学院学报,2000.3
[13]郭崇元.大型滑坡及其滑速计算.水利水电科学研究院研究论文集,1982(8)
[14]郭崇元.龙羊峡水库滑坡的滑速估计(流体力学法).水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集第30集(结构材料、岩土工程、抗震与爆破)
[15]汪洋.殷俊龙.水库库岸滑坡的运动过程分析及初始涌浪的计算.地球科学.中国地质大学学报,2003(9)
[16]李数武,刘慧军.某水电站库区滑坡滑速涌浪预测.地质灾害与环境保护,2006(3)
[17] Noda.E,Waters waves generated by Landslide.Proc.ACSE.J.of the Waterwags Harbors ,and Coastal Engng.Div.,Vol.96.No.WW4,1976
[18] Watts P, Water waves generated by underwater landslides .1997
[19] Iwasaki S. Experimental ental study of a Tsanumi generated by a horizental of a sloping bottom.Bulletin of The Earthquake Ersearch Institute 1982;57:329-362
[20] Heinrich P Nonliner water waves gengrated by submirine and aerial landslides 1992(3)
[21]庞昌俊.二维斜滑坡涌浪的试验研究.水利学报,1985(11)
[22]袁银忠,陈青生.滑坡涌浪的数值计算及试验研究.河海大学学报,1990(5)
[23]姜治兵,水库滑坡涌浪灾害的数值研究.[长江科学院硕士学位论文],武汉,长江科学院,2004年
[24]任坤杰.滑坡涌浪模拟方法研究. [长江科学院硕士学位论文],武汉,长江科学院,2003年
[25]宋新远,邢爱国,陈龙珠.二维滑坡涌浪数值模拟研究.第六届全国土木工程研究生学术论文,清华大学,2008年
[26]周桂云,水库边坡稳定分析方法及滑坡涌浪数值模拟研究,南京,河海大学,2007年12月
[27] Liu L-F,Wu T-R,Raichlen F,Synolakis C E and Borrero J C.Runup and rundown generated by-three-dimensional sliding masses.Fluid,Mech.,2005,5(36):107-144.
[28]潘家铮,建筑物的抗滑稳定性和滑坡分析,水利出版社,1980年
[29]陈学德,水库滑坡涌浪研究的综合评述.水电科研与实践,1984,1(1):78-86
[30]金德镰,王耕夫.拓溪水库塘岩光滑坡.中国岩石力学与工程学会地面岩石工程专业委员会.中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会.中国典型滑坡.北京:科学出版社,1984.1(1):78-86.
[31] Saad Y, Schultz MH. GMRES.A generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear systerms. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, 1986, 7: 856~869.
[32] [43]R.F.de Carvalho.J.S Antunes do Carmo IMAR,Landslides into reservoirs and their impact on banks.Civil Engineering Department,University of Combra,Envior Fluid Mech(2007)7:481-493
[33]Ajmani K, Ng W F, Liou MS. Preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for Navier-Stokes equations. Journal of Computational Physics, 1994, 110(1): 68~81.
[34]Hong L, Joseph D B, Rainald L. A fast, matrix-free implicit method for compressible flows on unstructured grids. Journal of Computational Physics, 1998, 146(2): 664-690.
[35]张婷,波浪的三维数值模拟及其应用. [天津大学硕士学位论文],2009年,天津
[36]Hirt C W, Nichols B D. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundary. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39(1): 201-225.
[37]赵大勇,李维仲. VOF方法中几种界面重构技术的比较.热科学与技术, 2003, 2(4): 318-322.
[38] Francois Enet,Stephan T.Grilli,Philip Watts .Laboratory Experiments for Tsunamis Gengreted by Underwater Landslides:Comparision with of The Thirteenth (2003)International Offshore and Polar engineer Conference, Honolulu,Hawaii, USA, May 25-30,2003
[39] Tso-Ren Wu .A Numerical Study of Three-dimensional Breaking Waves and Turbulence effects .Presented ro the Faculty of the Graduate Schllo of CornellUniversity in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ,2004
[40]杜小弢,吴卫,龚凯,刘烨.二维滑坡涌浪的SPH数值模拟.水动力学研究与进展, 1000-4874(2006)05-0576-06
[41]汪洋,殷坤龙,水库宽库岸滑坡涌浪的传播与爬高研究岩土力学1000-7598-(2008)04-1031-04
[42]任坤杰,金峰,徐勤勤.滑坡涌浪垂面二维数值模拟.长江科学院院报, 1001-5485(2006)02-0001-04
[43]R.F.de Carvalho.J.S Antunes do Carmo IMAR,Civil Engineering Department, University of Combra,Envior Fluid Mech(2007)7:481-493
[44]王兰生.意大利瓦伊昂水库滑坡考察.中国地质灾害与防治学报。1003-8035(2007)03-0145-04
[45]杜伯辉,柘溪水库塘岩光滑坡——我国首例水库蓄水初期诱发的大型滑坡.中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会,第二届岩土与工程学术大会论文集(上册),中国湖北武汉