我国大众滑雪产业发展的环境因素研究
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摘要
借鉴国外的发展经验和相关理论,本研究对滑雪产业发展的环境因素进行了系统研究,从产业经济学角度对滑雪产业进行了分析界定。从宏观和微观的层面,通过实地考察及案例分析相结合的方式,从我国的滑雪产业现状出发,分析了滑雪产业结构现状、滑雪产业链中有关滑雪场、滑雪装备及滑雪旅游行业的相关现状。透过这些现状,了解我国目前滑雪产业尚处于幼稚时期,还有很多地方亟待完善。本研究利用PEST因素分析方法,将滑雪产业环境分为政治法律环境、经济人口环境、社会文化环境和自然技术环境四个方面,从此四个方面展开对滑雪产业的环境影响因素研究。研究得知,对我国滑雪产业有利的一面是,我国经济总量在不断增加,人民的生活水平日益提高,越来越多的人有滑雪休闲消费的需求,而且我们有国外先进的经验可以借鉴,可以加快我国滑雪产业的发展,但另一方面,全球变暖不断加剧,气候环境恶劣等因素的影响对这个本处于幼稚期的产业是个不小的打击。本研究目的在于为政府和企业加快建立完备的滑雪产业发展保障体系提供一些理论依据和参考建议,促进我国滑雪产业快速健康的发展,扬长避短,尽快构建中国特色的、科学的、大众的滑雪产业。
Drawing on the experience and related theory of foreign countries, this study is to analyze the environment factors and define the ski industry in the angle of industry economics. From macroscopical and microscopical aspect, through on the spot investigation and case analysis, starting from China ski industry's present situation, to analyze the present situation about the ski industry structure, ski resorts, ski equipments and ski touring trade. According to the present situation, we know that the ski industry in China is still on the infancy stage and there are a lot of things to improve. This study use PEST factor analysis way to divide the ski industry environment to four aspects: Political factor, economic factor, sociocultural factor and technological factor. All the study are opened through these four factors. According to the study, for the China ski industry, the good thing is our GDP is going up every year, the people's living standard are improving every year, more and more people have the demand of ski leisure consumption and also we have a lot of overseas experience to follow. But on the other hand, global warming is worse and worse. This is a very bad thing for the China ski industry which is still on the infancy stage. This study is aiming to speed up the building and improving the safeguard system of the development of ski industry, to give some helpful, nessessary references of decision making, to boost China ski industry develop well and fast, make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, to build national, scientific and popular ski industry.
Drawing on the experience and related theory of foreign countries, this study is to analyze the environment factors and define the ski industry in the angle of industry economics. From macroscopical and microscopical aspect, through on the spot investigation and case analysis, starting from China ski industry's present situation, to analyze the present situation about the ski industry structure, ski resorts, ski equipments and ski touring trade. According to the present situation, we know that the ski industry in China is still on the infancy stage and there are a lot of things to improve. This study use PEST factor analysis way to divide the ski industry environment to four aspects: Political factor, economic factor, sociocultural factor and technological factor. All the study are opened through these four factors. According to the study, for the China ski industry, the good thing is our GDP is going up every year, the people's living standard are improving every year, more and more people have the demand of ski leisure consumption and also we have a lot of overseas experience to follow. But on the other hand, global warming is worse and worse. This is a very bad thing for the China ski industry which is still on the infancy stage. This study is aiming to speed up the building and improving the safeguard system of the development of ski industry, to give some helpful, nessessary references of decision making, to boost China ski industry develop well and fast, make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, to build national, scientific and popular ski industry.
引文
①张贵海,中国滑雪产业发展问题研究,东北林业大学,2008-04-01
②张贵海,中国滑雪产业发展问题研究,东北林业大学,2008-04-01
③“十一五”经济社会发展成就系列报告之一：新发展新跨越新篇章中国统计信息网2011.03.0110：00：00
④“十一五”经济社会发展成就系列报告之九：全国城镇居民收支持续增长 生活质量显著改善 中国统计信息网 2011.03.07 10：08：11
1. Laurent Vanat 2010 international report on mountain tourism-overview of key industry figures of ski resort 2010 march
2. Snowmaking and Climate Change:Future Options for Snow Production in Tyrolean Ski Resorts Robert Steiger, Marius Mayer Mountain Research and Development, Vol.28, No.3/4 (Aug. -Nov.,2008), pp.292-298
3. Christian Nothiger, Hans Elsasser, Natural Hazards and Tourism:New Findings on the European Alps, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 24, No.1 Feb.2004:24-27
4. Hilary Lindh, Kathy Martin, Systemtic Reserve Selection for Conservation in Whistler, Canada, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 24, No.4, Nov.2004:319-326
5. Urs Wiesmann, Karina Liechti, Stephan Rist, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 25, No.2, May,2005:128-138
6. Brian Lazar, Mark Williams, Climate change in western ski areas:Potential changes in thetiming of wet avalanches and snow quality for the Aspen ski area in the years 2030 and 2100, Cold Regions Science and Technology 51 (2008):219-228
7. Daniel Scott], Geoff McBoyle, Alanna Minogue, Climate change and Quebec's ski industry, Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 181-190
8. Greg Richards, Skilled consumption and UK ski holidays Original Research Article Tourism Management, Volume 17, Issue 1, February 1996, Pages 25-34
9. Mehmet Fuat Beyazlt, Erdogan Koc, An analysis of snow options for ski resort establishments Original Research Article Tourism Management, Volume 31, Issue 5, 2010,10:676-683
10. Edward R. Morey, Characteristics, consumer surplus, and new activities A proposed ski area Original Research Article Journal of Public Economics, Volume 26, Issue 2,1985,3:221-236
11. Takeshi Yoneyama, Motoki Kitade, Kazutaka Osada, Investigation on the ski-snow interaction in a carved turn based on the actual measurement Original Research Article Procedia Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 2,2010,6:2901-2906
12. Chun-Hung (Hugo) Tang*, SooCheong (Shawn) Jangl, Weather risk management in ski resorts:Financial hedging and geographica diversification, International Journal of Hospitality Management 30 (2011) 301-311
13. Mehmet Fuat Beyazlt a,*, Erdogan Koc b,1, An analysis of snow options for ski resort establishments, Tourism Management 31 (2010):676-683
14. SHARON BICKNELL and PHIL MCMANUS*, The Canary in the Coalmine:Australian Ski Resorts and their Response to Climate Change, School of Geosciences, Madsen Building (F09), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
15. Lawrence C. Hamilton, a* Cliff Browna and Barry D. Keimb, Ski areas, weather and climate:time series models for New England case studies, Sociology Department University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824, USA
16.张凌云 杨晶晶 滑雪旅游开发与经营 南开大学出版社 2007,5：247～257
17.唐云松 国际滑雪产业纵览 环球体育市场 2010,2：28～29
18.刘书勇 单板滑雪-我国冬季冰雪运动发展新的增长点 边疆经济与文化 2010,2：70～7119.刘俊一、张强 东北三省大众滑雪产业发展现状及存在的问题探析 冰雪运动 2008,9,30：p89～92
20.卢峰、宋志刚 对北京市滑雪市场现状及问题的调查研究 首都体育学院学报 2006,5(3)：73～75
21.对黑龙江省大众滑雪场所设施现状的调查研究 冰雪运动 2007,29(2)：87～89
22.张晓辉 对我国冰雪体育政策发展趋势的思考 冰雪运动 2007,29(5)：84～86
23.张维强、王旭 对我国滑雪场发展社会适应性的探究 冰雪运动 2006,6(3)：107～108
24.张宁 对西安市白鹿原滑雪场现状及问题的调查与分析 网络财富 2009,6：44
25.国梁 黑龙江省滑雪产业发展对策研究 内蒙古体育科技 2010,23(2)：38～42
26.范春来 黑龙江省滑雪产业发展研究 商场现代化 2008,6：335～336
27.朱成 金融危机下我国滑雪场发展的对策研究 哈尔滨体育学院学报 2010,6,28(3)：42～44
28.王国成 中国滑雪产业的现状及前景分析 体育成人教育学刊 2005,21(3)：5～6
29.董少伟、王伟理 我国冰雪体育产业发展现状与对策研究 科技与管理 2006,(6)：8～10
30.张桂海、赵景林 滑雪场经济效益分析商业研究 2008,7(375)：92～95
31.关新 滑雪与旅游产业法律环境分析 冰雪运动 2007(1)： 80～82
32.唐云松 我国滑雪产业发展环境分析与创新战略选择 2009(1)：83～87
33.张荣魁,关晓彦,董欣 黑龙江省滑雪场所调研报告与对策研究冰雪运动 2007,10：71～76
34.李松梅,关亚军,袁焰, 论滑雪产业俱乐部制的建立,冰雪运动,2003(6)：100～101
35.刘欣,北方高校开设滑雪课程的实践研究,哈尔滨体育学院学报,2008(2)：14～18
36.姚广军,谈滑雪运动在普通高校中的发展状况,冰雪运动,2006(2)：31～32
37.张毅,祖峰,我国大型高山滑雪赛事发展探析,体育文化导刊,2010(5)： 54～58
38.田友年.我国滑雪产业的现状和发展趋势[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2006,25(2)：37～39.
39.何冰,周良君,陈小英,辛利, 中国体育用品业国际竞争力的理论与实证研究, 体育科学 2007年(7)：14～22
40.门传胜,我国滑雪场所可持续发展的研究,沈阳体育学院学报,2006(2)： 103～105
②张贵海,中国滑雪产业发展问题研究,东北林业大学,2008-04-01
③“十一五”经济社会发展成就系列报告之一：新发展新跨越新篇章中国统计信息网2011.03.0110：00：00
④“十一五”经济社会发展成就系列报告之九：全国城镇居民收支持续增长 生活质量显著改善 中国统计信息网 2011.03.07 10：08：11
1. Laurent Vanat 2010 international report on mountain tourism-overview of key industry figures of ski resort 2010 march
2. Snowmaking and Climate Change:Future Options for Snow Production in Tyrolean Ski Resorts Robert Steiger, Marius Mayer Mountain Research and Development, Vol.28, No.3/4 (Aug. -Nov.,2008), pp.292-298
3. Christian Nothiger, Hans Elsasser, Natural Hazards and Tourism:New Findings on the European Alps, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 24, No.1 Feb.2004:24-27
4. Hilary Lindh, Kathy Martin, Systemtic Reserve Selection for Conservation in Whistler, Canada, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 24, No.4, Nov.2004:319-326
5. Urs Wiesmann, Karina Liechti, Stephan Rist, Mountain Research and Development, Vol 25, No.2, May,2005:128-138
6. Brian Lazar, Mark Williams, Climate change in western ski areas:Potential changes in thetiming of wet avalanches and snow quality for the Aspen ski area in the years 2030 and 2100, Cold Regions Science and Technology 51 (2008):219-228
7. Daniel Scott], Geoff McBoyle, Alanna Minogue, Climate change and Quebec's ski industry, Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 181-190
8. Greg Richards, Skilled consumption and UK ski holidays Original Research Article Tourism Management, Volume 17, Issue 1, February 1996, Pages 25-34
9. Mehmet Fuat Beyazlt, Erdogan Koc, An analysis of snow options for ski resort establishments Original Research Article Tourism Management, Volume 31, Issue 5, 2010,10:676-683
10. Edward R. Morey, Characteristics, consumer surplus, and new activities A proposed ski area Original Research Article Journal of Public Economics, Volume 26, Issue 2,1985,3:221-236
11. Takeshi Yoneyama, Motoki Kitade, Kazutaka Osada, Investigation on the ski-snow interaction in a carved turn based on the actual measurement Original Research Article Procedia Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 2,2010,6:2901-2906
12. Chun-Hung (Hugo) Tang*, SooCheong (Shawn) Jangl, Weather risk management in ski resorts:Financial hedging and geographica diversification, International Journal of Hospitality Management 30 (2011) 301-311
13. Mehmet Fuat Beyazlt a,*, Erdogan Koc b,1, An analysis of snow options for ski resort establishments, Tourism Management 31 (2010):676-683
14. SHARON BICKNELL and PHIL MCMANUS*, The Canary in the Coalmine:Australian Ski Resorts and their Response to Climate Change, School of Geosciences, Madsen Building (F09), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
15. Lawrence C. Hamilton, a* Cliff Browna and Barry D. Keimb, Ski areas, weather and climate:time series models for New England case studies, Sociology Department University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824, USA
16.张凌云 杨晶晶 滑雪旅游开发与经营 南开大学出版社 2007,5：247～257
17.唐云松 国际滑雪产业纵览 环球体育市场 2010,2：28～29
18.刘书勇 单板滑雪-我国冬季冰雪运动发展新的增长点 边疆经济与文化 2010,2：70～7119.刘俊一、张强 东北三省大众滑雪产业发展现状及存在的问题探析 冰雪运动 2008,9,30：p89～92
20.卢峰、宋志刚 对北京市滑雪市场现状及问题的调查研究 首都体育学院学报 2006,5(3)：73～75
21.对黑龙江省大众滑雪场所设施现状的调查研究 冰雪运动 2007,29(2)：87～89
22.张晓辉 对我国冰雪体育政策发展趋势的思考 冰雪运动 2007,29(5)：84～86
23.张维强、王旭 对我国滑雪场发展社会适应性的探究 冰雪运动 2006,6(3)：107～108
24.张宁 对西安市白鹿原滑雪场现状及问题的调查与分析 网络财富 2009,6：44
25.国梁 黑龙江省滑雪产业发展对策研究 内蒙古体育科技 2010,23(2)：38～42
26.范春来 黑龙江省滑雪产业发展研究 商场现代化 2008,6：335～336
27.朱成 金融危机下我国滑雪场发展的对策研究 哈尔滨体育学院学报 2010,6,28(3)：42～44
28.王国成 中国滑雪产业的现状及前景分析 体育成人教育学刊 2005,21(3)：5～6
29.董少伟、王伟理 我国冰雪体育产业发展现状与对策研究 科技与管理 2006,(6)：8～10
30.张桂海、赵景林 滑雪场经济效益分析商业研究 2008,7(375)：92～95
31.关新 滑雪与旅游产业法律环境分析 冰雪运动 2007(1)： 80～82
32.唐云松 我国滑雪产业发展环境分析与创新战略选择 2009(1)：83～87
33.张荣魁,关晓彦,董欣 黑龙江省滑雪场所调研报告与对策研究冰雪运动 2007,10：71～76
34.李松梅,关亚军,袁焰, 论滑雪产业俱乐部制的建立,冰雪运动,2003(6)：100～101
35.刘欣,北方高校开设滑雪课程的实践研究,哈尔滨体育学院学报,2008(2)：14～18
36.姚广军,谈滑雪运动在普通高校中的发展状况,冰雪运动,2006(2)：31～32
37.张毅,祖峰,我国大型高山滑雪赛事发展探析,体育文化导刊,2010(5)： 54～58
38.田友年.我国滑雪产业的现状和发展趋势[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2006,25(2)：37～39.
39.何冰,周良君,陈小英,辛利, 中国体育用品业国际竞争力的理论与实证研究, 体育科学 2007年(7)：14～22
40.门传胜,我国滑雪场所可持续发展的研究,沈阳体育学院学报,2006(2)： 103～105