城市环城绿带的建设策略及景观策略研究
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摘要
环城绿带(Greenbelt),是指在城镇规划建设区外围一定范围内,强制设置的基本闭合的绿色开敞空间。设置绿带的主要目的是控制城市空间形态以及维护城市生态可持续发展。从用地性质来说,环城绿带属于城市绿地的组成部分;从规划层面来说,环城绿带是城市的永久性的限制开发区域。环城绿带的本质特征是永久性,基本特征为开敞性。
现代意义上的环城绿带建设始于上世纪30年代处于高速城市化进程中的英国伦敦,50年代后,环城绿带这种绿地形式逐渐为各大城市所接受。从伦敦、巴黎、首尔等城市的绿带建设经验和其取得的成就来看,环城绿带在控制城市空间形态、维护城市生态平衡方面经常可以发挥重要的功能。国内城市也逐渐开始了环城绿带的建设。
本文选取了国内外比较典型的特大城市的环城绿带建设为研究案例,通过对其发展史和现状的分析,归纳出绿带建设的一般规律,并充分结合国内经济社会发展现状,从规划、法规制度、技术以及公共意识等五个层面进行详细分析,着重关注针对国内城市环城绿带建设的探索改良和优化绿带建设的途径,试图整理出一套比较完善的绿带建设的方式方法,为国内城市的环城绿带建设提供一定的理论支持。与此同时,本文将景观的构建引入到环城绿带的建设中来。从绿带景观的理论基础、建设目标、建设原则、绿地类型、景观布局、景观功能等各个方面详细论证景观构建在绿带建设中的必要性和可行性,以及其构建方式方法,试图将景观引入环城绿带建设的理论体系当中,并用景观生态学理论指导绿带中的景观建设。其研究在在环城绿带的景观建设方面是一次创新性的尝试,希望能够丰富当今环城绿带理论研究的内容,并引起绿带建设者们对景观构建的足够重视。总之,本文希望通过对环城绿带建设方式方法和绿带内景观建设的探索研究,可以对我国的环城绿带规划建设事业提供有意义的参考和建议。
Greenbelt refers to a basically closed green open space which is allocated around the urban. The main purpose of Green Belt is to control the spatial form and maintain urban ecological sustainable development. In one hand, the greenbelt is an integral part of urban green space; in another hand, greenbelt is the permanent restrictions in the city development area. The essential characteristics of greenbelt is permanent, the basic features is opening.
Greenbelt in the modern sense began in the 1930's London which was in the rapid process of urbanization, 50 years later, the form of green belt around the city was gradually accepted in major cities. From the building experience and achievements of London, Paris and Seoul, the greenbelt could play an important function in the control of urban form and maintain urban ecological balance. A domestic city has gradually begun the construction of greenbelt.
The paper selects typical domestic and foreignness greenbelt construction as a case, study its history and current situation through the analysis, summarized the general rules of construction of green belts. And integrate economic and social development of the domestic situation, from the planning, laws and regulations, technology, and public awareness five levels to conduct a detailed analysis , focusing on building the domestic exploration of urban greenbelt improvements and optimization of green belt construction means, Trying to put together a fairly complete set of ways and means of building green belt, green belt around the city for the domestic construction of the city to provide some theoretical support.
At the same time, this article will introduce to the construction of the landscape green belt around the city's construction. The theoretical basis of the landscape from the green belt, the goal of building, construction principles, the green type, landscape layout, landscape features and other aspects of building in the Green Belt landscape demonstrated in detail the necessity and feasibility of construction, as well as ways and means of its construction, Green belt around the city trying to build the landscape into which the theoretical system, and the green belt with landscape ecology theory to guide the landscape. The research landscape in the construction of the greenbelt is an innovative aspect, which I hope to enrich the theoretical study of today's content greenbelt and green belt builders on the landscape caused by construction of adequate attention. In short, this article hopes to build on the ways and means of greenbelt and green belt construction of exploration and research within the landscape, you can build our business around the city greenbelt planning to provide a meaningful reference and recommendations.
现代意义上的环城绿带建设始于上世纪30年代处于高速城市化进程中的英国伦敦,50年代后,环城绿带这种绿地形式逐渐为各大城市所接受。从伦敦、巴黎、首尔等城市的绿带建设经验和其取得的成就来看,环城绿带在控制城市空间形态、维护城市生态平衡方面经常可以发挥重要的功能。国内城市也逐渐开始了环城绿带的建设。
本文选取了国内外比较典型的特大城市的环城绿带建设为研究案例,通过对其发展史和现状的分析,归纳出绿带建设的一般规律,并充分结合国内经济社会发展现状,从规划、法规制度、技术以及公共意识等五个层面进行详细分析,着重关注针对国内城市环城绿带建设的探索改良和优化绿带建设的途径,试图整理出一套比较完善的绿带建设的方式方法,为国内城市的环城绿带建设提供一定的理论支持。与此同时,本文将景观的构建引入到环城绿带的建设中来。从绿带景观的理论基础、建设目标、建设原则、绿地类型、景观布局、景观功能等各个方面详细论证景观构建在绿带建设中的必要性和可行性,以及其构建方式方法,试图将景观引入环城绿带建设的理论体系当中,并用景观生态学理论指导绿带中的景观建设。其研究在在环城绿带的景观建设方面是一次创新性的尝试,希望能够丰富当今环城绿带理论研究的内容,并引起绿带建设者们对景观构建的足够重视。总之,本文希望通过对环城绿带建设方式方法和绿带内景观建设的探索研究,可以对我国的环城绿带规划建设事业提供有意义的参考和建议。
Greenbelt refers to a basically closed green open space which is allocated around the urban. The main purpose of Green Belt is to control the spatial form and maintain urban ecological sustainable development. In one hand, the greenbelt is an integral part of urban green space; in another hand, greenbelt is the permanent restrictions in the city development area. The essential characteristics of greenbelt is permanent, the basic features is opening.
Greenbelt in the modern sense began in the 1930's London which was in the rapid process of urbanization, 50 years later, the form of green belt around the city was gradually accepted in major cities. From the building experience and achievements of London, Paris and Seoul, the greenbelt could play an important function in the control of urban form and maintain urban ecological balance. A domestic city has gradually begun the construction of greenbelt.
The paper selects typical domestic and foreignness greenbelt construction as a case, study its history and current situation through the analysis, summarized the general rules of construction of green belts. And integrate economic and social development of the domestic situation, from the planning, laws and regulations, technology, and public awareness five levels to conduct a detailed analysis , focusing on building the domestic exploration of urban greenbelt improvements and optimization of green belt construction means, Trying to put together a fairly complete set of ways and means of building green belt, green belt around the city for the domestic construction of the city to provide some theoretical support.
At the same time, this article will introduce to the construction of the landscape green belt around the city's construction. The theoretical basis of the landscape from the green belt, the goal of building, construction principles, the green type, landscape layout, landscape features and other aspects of building in the Green Belt landscape demonstrated in detail the necessity and feasibility of construction, as well as ways and means of its construction, Green belt around the city trying to build the landscape into which the theoretical system, and the green belt with landscape ecology theory to guide the landscape. The research landscape in the construction of the greenbelt is an innovative aspect, which I hope to enrich the theoretical study of today's content greenbelt and green belt builders on the landscape caused by construction of adequate attention. In short, this article hopes to build on the ways and means of greenbelt and green belt construction of exploration and research within the landscape, you can build our business around the city greenbelt planning to provide a meaningful reference and recommendations.
引文
[1]郭培章.中国城市可持续发展研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2004:5.
[2]欧阳志云,王如松,李伟峰等.北京市环城绿化隔离带生态规划[J].生态学报.2005(5):965-971.
[3]欧阳志云,李伟峰.Juergen Paulussen等.大城市绿化控制带的结构和生态功能[J].城市规划.2004(4):41-45.
[4] Arthur C. Nelson, A Unifying View of Greenbelt Influences on Regional Land Values and Implications for Regional Planning Policy[J]. Growth and Change, 1985 (4). 43 - 44.
[5]金经元.明日的田园城市[M].商务印书馆,2000 ,12 :10 - 12.
[6]许浩.国外城市绿地系统规划[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003 ,11 :21 - 23.
[7]贾俊,高晶.英国绿带政策的起源,发展和挑战[J].中国园林, 2005,03:69-72.
[8]谢欣梅.北京、伦敦、首尔绿带政策及城市化背景对比[J].北京规划建设, 2009(06):68-70.
[9] Edward Ralph .Rational landscape and humanistic geography. London: room Helm.1981.
[10]姜允芳,石铁矛,苏娟.美国绿道网络的实施策略与控制管理[J].规划师, 2010(09):88-92.
[11]国家统计局.“人口抽样调查”公报公布[J].领导决策信息.2006(12).
[12]田建春.试论北京市区绿化隔离地区的问题、原因及实施绿化规划的对策[J].北京规划建设,1995(1).
[13]李增义.北京市区绿化隔离带的现状及治理建议[J].北京规划建设,1995(1).
[14]鹿金东,吴国强,余思澄,杨辛,杨晓未,李玮.上海环城绿带建设实践初析[J],中国园林,1999(2):46-48.
[15]管群飞,王振健,汪崇庆.上海环城绿带规划开发初探[J].国土绿化,2004(09).
[16]庄荣,高阳,陈冬娜.珠三角区域绿道规划设计技术指引的思考[J].风景园林2010(2):81-85.
[17]西安市规划局.《西安城市总体规划(2008年-2020年)》[R].2008.
[18]王冬梅.城市化与经济发展实证分析[J].当代经济,2010(14).
[19]谭求.北京市第一道绿化隔离地区规划反思和探索[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20]马向明.珠三角绿道建设[J].风景园林,2010(06).
[21]沈玉麟.外国城市建设史[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[22]倪文岩,刘智勇.英国绿环政策及其启示[J].城市规划,2006(2).
[23]林文雄.生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[24]陈伟.环城绿带人工湿地构建的思考[J].上海科技建设,2003(4):46.
[25]俞孔坚,李迪华.城乡与区域规划的景观生态模式[J].国外城市规划,1997(3):26-31.
[26]相西如,丁纪江.景观异质性在景观规划设计中的重要性[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(7):92-95.
[27]邬建国.景观生态学—格局,过程,尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[28]吴昌广,周志翔,王鹏程,肖文发,滕明君.景观连接度的概念、度量及其应用[J].生态学报,2010, 30( 7):1903—1910.
[29]蔡博峰,于嵘.景观生态学中的尺度分析方法[J].生态学报, 2008(05):2280-2286.
[30]刘洋,蒙吉军,朱利凯.区域生态安全格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2010(24):6980-6989.
[31]西安规划局.《西安城市总体规划(2008年—2020年)》概要[J].建筑与文化, 2008(07).
[32]西安市政府.《西安市2010年政府工作报告》[R].2010.
[33]薛东前,代兰海.西安城市化演进过程的多层面分析与趋势预测[J].人文地理, 2006(05).
[34]张卓林,王葆华,申亮.快速发展城市中的环城绿带建设思考——以西安环城绿带建设为例[C]//国际风景园林师联合会(IFLA)第47届世界大会、中国风景园林学会2010年会.中国风景园林学会2010年会论文集(下册),2010.
[35]城市规划通讯编辑部.国家正式发布《关中-天水经济区发展规划》[J].2009(13),4-5.
[2]欧阳志云,王如松,李伟峰等.北京市环城绿化隔离带生态规划[J].生态学报.2005(5):965-971.
[3]欧阳志云,李伟峰.Juergen Paulussen等.大城市绿化控制带的结构和生态功能[J].城市规划.2004(4):41-45.
[4] Arthur C. Nelson, A Unifying View of Greenbelt Influences on Regional Land Values and Implications for Regional Planning Policy[J]. Growth and Change, 1985 (4). 43 - 44.
[5]金经元.明日的田园城市[M].商务印书馆,2000 ,12 :10 - 12.
[6]许浩.国外城市绿地系统规划[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003 ,11 :21 - 23.
[7]贾俊,高晶.英国绿带政策的起源,发展和挑战[J].中国园林, 2005,03:69-72.
[8]谢欣梅.北京、伦敦、首尔绿带政策及城市化背景对比[J].北京规划建设, 2009(06):68-70.
[9] Edward Ralph .Rational landscape and humanistic geography. London: room Helm.1981.
[10]姜允芳,石铁矛,苏娟.美国绿道网络的实施策略与控制管理[J].规划师, 2010(09):88-92.
[11]国家统计局.“人口抽样调查”公报公布[J].领导决策信息.2006(12).
[12]田建春.试论北京市区绿化隔离地区的问题、原因及实施绿化规划的对策[J].北京规划建设,1995(1).
[13]李增义.北京市区绿化隔离带的现状及治理建议[J].北京规划建设,1995(1).
[14]鹿金东,吴国强,余思澄,杨辛,杨晓未,李玮.上海环城绿带建设实践初析[J],中国园林,1999(2):46-48.
[15]管群飞,王振健,汪崇庆.上海环城绿带规划开发初探[J].国土绿化,2004(09).
[16]庄荣,高阳,陈冬娜.珠三角区域绿道规划设计技术指引的思考[J].风景园林2010(2):81-85.
[17]西安市规划局.《西安城市总体规划(2008年-2020年)》[R].2008.
[18]王冬梅.城市化与经济发展实证分析[J].当代经济,2010(14).
[19]谭求.北京市第一道绿化隔离地区规划反思和探索[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20]马向明.珠三角绿道建设[J].风景园林,2010(06).
[21]沈玉麟.外国城市建设史[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[22]倪文岩,刘智勇.英国绿环政策及其启示[J].城市规划,2006(2).
[23]林文雄.生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[24]陈伟.环城绿带人工湿地构建的思考[J].上海科技建设,2003(4):46.
[25]俞孔坚,李迪华.城乡与区域规划的景观生态模式[J].国外城市规划,1997(3):26-31.
[26]相西如,丁纪江.景观异质性在景观规划设计中的重要性[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007(7):92-95.
[27]邬建国.景观生态学—格局,过程,尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[28]吴昌广,周志翔,王鹏程,肖文发,滕明君.景观连接度的概念、度量及其应用[J].生态学报,2010, 30( 7):1903—1910.
[29]蔡博峰,于嵘.景观生态学中的尺度分析方法[J].生态学报, 2008(05):2280-2286.
[30]刘洋,蒙吉军,朱利凯.区域生态安全格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2010(24):6980-6989.
[31]西安规划局.《西安城市总体规划(2008年—2020年)》概要[J].建筑与文化, 2008(07).
[32]西安市政府.《西安市2010年政府工作报告》[R].2010.
[33]薛东前,代兰海.西安城市化演进过程的多层面分析与趋势预测[J].人文地理, 2006(05).
[34]张卓林,王葆华,申亮.快速发展城市中的环城绿带建设思考——以西安环城绿带建设为例[C]//国际风景园林师联合会(IFLA)第47届世界大会、中国风景园林学会2010年会.中国风景园林学会2010年会论文集(下册),2010.
[35]城市规划通讯编辑部.国家正式发布《关中-天水经济区发展规划》[J].2009(13),4-5.