中国货运代理业的服务创新研究
|
摘要
国际货运代理由来已久,对于国际贸易来说,货代是不可或缺的。国际贸易的双方经常依赖于国际货代。由于货代对于相关业务的熟悉,贸易双方可以将不属于核心业务的工作交给货代,而专注于自己的最擅长的工作,所以随着我国与各国的国际贸易的发展和加深,我国国际货运近年来发展蓬勃,对国民经济产生了重大推动作用。
但是随着国际贸易的发展与信息化建设程度的加深,以及我国加入WTO的深化,全球金融危机的影响,国际货代行业发生了巨大的变化,其赖以为续的基础被动摇,以往盈利的模式面临着新的挑战,经营的环境有了巨大的改变。传统的价格竞争手段过于单一,使得整个行业的收益受到损害。面对新的时代变化,中国货运代理企业必须寻求一条新的创新和发展的道路,才能促进行业的深入发展,提高自身的市场竞争力,为中国经济建设和发展发挥更大的作用。
本文从物流和供应链理论出发,深入分析了国际货代的本质特征,并结合服务管理的相关思想,指出集成创新服务是中国货运代理业未来发展的重要方向。为此论文介绍了已有的一些服务创新,货代企业的信息化,以及货代业与金融之间的集成。本文重点分析了货运代理业务与物流金融之间的集成创新服务,从理论上分析和讨论了中国货运代理集成创新的未来发展道路,同时也希望本文能对中国货运代理业的实践和发展做出有益的贡献,引起相关的实践者在中国货运代理业的发展问题上新的思考。由此可见,论文具有较重要的理论和现实意义。
论文首先讨论了国际货代发展现状及面临的问题。界定了国际货代与第三方物流的概念,指出货代是第三方物流的一部分。探讨了国际货代在贸易中的价值,接着讨论了国际货代创新的趋势,即国际货代的信息化,与质量管理的集成。指出国际货代当前最应发展的方向是与金融的集成。接着提出了一种国际货代与物流金融集成的服务创新方案,提出了国际货代,供应商,零售商,银行之间的三种结构,国际货代扮演的三种角色,分别讨论了三种情况下国际货代对系统的影响,得出结论认为国际货代应该积极提供金融服务,主动提供融资,指出这是国际货代行业发展的重要趋势。
International Freight Forwarding has long been existed all over the world, and forwarders are indispensable to international trade. Both sides in the market are highly dependent on forwarders. Since forwarders are familiar with the processes and procedures in international trade, both sides often employ the forwarders to tackle with those things, while focusing on their core business. Thus with the development of the international trade, the International Freight industry is getting increasingly more glorious and has greatly improve China's economy.
However, the industry is now facing great challenges caused by the development of the international trade, the improvement of the information infrastructure of trade, the interaction with WTO, and the impact of international economic crisis. Not only the basis of international freight forwarding industry has been destroyed, not only the operation model cannot be used any longer, but also the whole market circumstances has been changed. The industry has to make some improvements to survive and thrive in the new era.
This thesis tries to search out the innovation points of the industry and the development trends. Both quality control theories and information technology can be connected to freight forwarding, and I try to find out the financial solution to improve the performance of the whole industry.
At the beginning, this thesis demonstrates the status quo of the industry and the problems encountered in the new period. Then the relationship between international freight forwarding and the third party logistics is deeply discussed. Then the three merging trends are stated definition and situation of the logistics finance are provided, and the financial solution is clearly and carefully described at last. And the case of Eternal Asia and Rockport are introduced at the end.
但是随着国际贸易的发展与信息化建设程度的加深,以及我国加入WTO的深化,全球金融危机的影响,国际货代行业发生了巨大的变化,其赖以为续的基础被动摇,以往盈利的模式面临着新的挑战,经营的环境有了巨大的改变。传统的价格竞争手段过于单一,使得整个行业的收益受到损害。面对新的时代变化,中国货运代理企业必须寻求一条新的创新和发展的道路,才能促进行业的深入发展,提高自身的市场竞争力,为中国经济建设和发展发挥更大的作用。
本文从物流和供应链理论出发,深入分析了国际货代的本质特征,并结合服务管理的相关思想,指出集成创新服务是中国货运代理业未来发展的重要方向。为此论文介绍了已有的一些服务创新,货代企业的信息化,以及货代业与金融之间的集成。本文重点分析了货运代理业务与物流金融之间的集成创新服务,从理论上分析和讨论了中国货运代理集成创新的未来发展道路,同时也希望本文能对中国货运代理业的实践和发展做出有益的贡献,引起相关的实践者在中国货运代理业的发展问题上新的思考。由此可见,论文具有较重要的理论和现实意义。
论文首先讨论了国际货代发展现状及面临的问题。界定了国际货代与第三方物流的概念,指出货代是第三方物流的一部分。探讨了国际货代在贸易中的价值,接着讨论了国际货代创新的趋势,即国际货代的信息化,与质量管理的集成。指出国际货代当前最应发展的方向是与金融的集成。接着提出了一种国际货代与物流金融集成的服务创新方案,提出了国际货代,供应商,零售商,银行之间的三种结构,国际货代扮演的三种角色,分别讨论了三种情况下国际货代对系统的影响,得出结论认为国际货代应该积极提供金融服务,主动提供融资,指出这是国际货代行业发展的重要趋势。
International Freight Forwarding has long been existed all over the world, and forwarders are indispensable to international trade. Both sides in the market are highly dependent on forwarders. Since forwarders are familiar with the processes and procedures in international trade, both sides often employ the forwarders to tackle with those things, while focusing on their core business. Thus with the development of the international trade, the International Freight industry is getting increasingly more glorious and has greatly improve China's economy.
However, the industry is now facing great challenges caused by the development of the international trade, the improvement of the information infrastructure of trade, the interaction with WTO, and the impact of international economic crisis. Not only the basis of international freight forwarding industry has been destroyed, not only the operation model cannot be used any longer, but also the whole market circumstances has been changed. The industry has to make some improvements to survive and thrive in the new era.
This thesis tries to search out the innovation points of the industry and the development trends. Both quality control theories and information technology can be connected to freight forwarding, and I try to find out the financial solution to improve the performance of the whole industry.
At the beginning, this thesis demonstrates the status quo of the industry and the problems encountered in the new period. Then the relationship between international freight forwarding and the third party logistics is deeply discussed. Then the three merging trends are stated definition and situation of the logistics finance are provided, and the financial solution is clearly and carefully described at last. And the case of Eternal Asia and Rockport are introduced at the end.
引文
[1]崔滕腾。铁路货运代理业向第三方物流转型问题研究[D]。济南：山东大学,2008.
[2]马文君.我国国际货代企业网络渠道模式研究[D].济南：山东大学,2009.
[3]汪武芽.国际货运代理面临的困境与战略转型[J].商业时代.2008(27).
[4]许志峰.国际货代向国际物流企业转型战略方案研究[D].上海：上海交通大学：2005.
[5]叶敬彪.中国国际货运代理企业发展环境及战略选择.水运管理.200628(1).
[6]林豪慧.货运代理业发展现代综合物流的对策[J].工业工程.2003 6(6).
[7]Rao, K., Young R. R.&Novick, J. A.. Third Party Services in the Logistics of Global Finance[J].Logistics and Transportation Review.1993(29).
[8]Bovson, Corisi, Dresner, Rahinovich. Managing Effective Third Party Logistics Relationships:What Does It Take?[J]. Journal of Business Logistics.1999(20).
[9]朱毅华.农产品供应链物流整合模式研究.[D].南京：南京农业大学,2007.
[10]林世光.第三方物流组织运作模式探讨[J].商场现代化.2006(15).
[11]骆温平.第三方物流理论、操作与案例[M],上海社会科学院出版社,2001
[12]郝聚民.第三方物流[M].成都：四川人民出版社,2002.
[14]Buzacott,J.A.,R.Q. Zhang. Inventory Management with Asset-based financing. Management Science.2004(50).
[15]Chen Xiang-Feng & Wan Guo-Hua. The Impact of Financial Services on a Budget-Constrained Supply Chain under Wholesale Contract[J]. Productions Operations Management.
[16]Xu,X.D., Birge,J.R..Operational decisions, capital structure, and managerial compensations:A new verder perspective. Working paper. The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
[17]Chen, Xiang-Feng. Trade credit contract with limited liability. International Conference of System Science, Management Science & Systme Dynamics.2007.
[18]Burkart, M., T. Ellingsen, In-kind Finance:A Theory of Trade Credit, The American Economic Review,2004.
[19]Gupta,D.,L.Wang. A stochastic Inventory model with trade-credit. Working paper. University of Minneapolis.
[20]Babitch V.,G. Aydm, et al.. Risk, financing and the optimal number of supplier. Working paper. University of Michigan.2005.
[21]Chen Xiang-Feng &Jing, Bing. Financial services and procurement contracts with limited liability. Working paper. Stern School of Business in New York University.
[22]罗齐,朱道立.第三方物流服务创新.融通仓及其运作模式初探[J1.中国 流通经济,2002,2.
[23]陈祥峰、石代伦、朱道立.融通仓与金融物流创新[J].科技导报.2005(9)
[24]李毅学、冯耕中、徐渝.价格随机波动下存货质押融资业务质押率研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007(12).
[25]李娟、徐渝、冯耕中等.基于存货质押融资业务的阶段贷款最优决策研究[J].运筹与管理.2007(2).
[26]陈祥峰、朱道立.企业市场占优投资竞争策略研究[J].上海理工大学学报.2007(6).
[27]朱文贵、朱道立、徐最.延迟支付条件下的存货质押融资服务定价模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007(12).
[28]王志强,罗来仪,金乐闻新编国际货运代理事务[M].北京,对外经济贸易大学出版社,2005：220.
[29]杨鹏强.国际货运代理操作实务[M].北京：中国海关出版社,2010：68.
[30]朱华兵.国际货运代理实务[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2010：49.
[31]陈旭.考虑期权合同供应链零售商订货[J].管理科学学报,2006,3.
[32]Graves S, de Kok T. Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science: Supply Chain Management[M]. Morth-Holland:Elsevier,2003.
[33]Cunat Vicente. Trade credit:Supplier as debt collectors and insurance providers[J]. The Review of Financial Studies.2007(20).
[34]Lariviere, M.A., A Note on Probability Distributions with Increasing Generalized Failure Rates[J]. Operations Research,2006(54).
[35]Briggs, E, Landry, TD, Daugherty, PJ. Investigating the influence of velocity performance on satisfaction with third party logistics service[J]. Industrial Marketing Management.2010,39(4).
[36]Modigliani, F., M. H. Miller. The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment[J]. America Economic Review.1958,48(3).
[37]Bruce Biewald, Tim Woolf, Amy Roschelle, William Steinhurst. Portfolio Management:How to Procure Electricity Resources to Provide Reliable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Electricity Services to All Retail Customers[J].Synapse Energy Economics,2003,10.
[38]Simchi-Levi, D,S. Wu, Z. Shen. Kluwer. Handbook of quantitative supply analysis:modeling in the E-business era[M]. Klumer Academic Publisher.2004.
[2]马文君.我国国际货代企业网络渠道模式研究[D].济南：山东大学,2009.
[3]汪武芽.国际货运代理面临的困境与战略转型[J].商业时代.2008(27).
[4]许志峰.国际货代向国际物流企业转型战略方案研究[D].上海：上海交通大学：2005.
[5]叶敬彪.中国国际货运代理企业发展环境及战略选择.水运管理.200628(1).
[6]林豪慧.货运代理业发展现代综合物流的对策[J].工业工程.2003 6(6).
[7]Rao, K., Young R. R.&Novick, J. A.. Third Party Services in the Logistics of Global Finance[J].Logistics and Transportation Review.1993(29).
[8]Bovson, Corisi, Dresner, Rahinovich. Managing Effective Third Party Logistics Relationships:What Does It Take?[J]. Journal of Business Logistics.1999(20).
[9]朱毅华.农产品供应链物流整合模式研究.[D].南京：南京农业大学,2007.
[10]林世光.第三方物流组织运作模式探讨[J].商场现代化.2006(15).
[11]骆温平.第三方物流理论、操作与案例[M],上海社会科学院出版社,2001
[12]郝聚民.第三方物流[M].成都：四川人民出版社,2002.
[14]Buzacott,J.A.,R.Q. Zhang. Inventory Management with Asset-based financing. Management Science.2004(50).
[15]Chen Xiang-Feng & Wan Guo-Hua. The Impact of Financial Services on a Budget-Constrained Supply Chain under Wholesale Contract[J]. Productions Operations Management.
[16]Xu,X.D., Birge,J.R..Operational decisions, capital structure, and managerial compensations:A new verder perspective. Working paper. The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
[17]Chen, Xiang-Feng. Trade credit contract with limited liability. International Conference of System Science, Management Science & Systme Dynamics.2007.
[18]Burkart, M., T. Ellingsen, In-kind Finance:A Theory of Trade Credit, The American Economic Review,2004.
[19]Gupta,D.,L.Wang. A stochastic Inventory model with trade-credit. Working paper. University of Minneapolis.
[20]Babitch V.,G. Aydm, et al.. Risk, financing and the optimal number of supplier. Working paper. University of Michigan.2005.
[21]Chen Xiang-Feng &Jing, Bing. Financial services and procurement contracts with limited liability. Working paper. Stern School of Business in New York University.
[22]罗齐,朱道立.第三方物流服务创新.融通仓及其运作模式初探[J1.中国 流通经济,2002,2.
[23]陈祥峰、石代伦、朱道立.融通仓与金融物流创新[J].科技导报.2005(9)
[24]李毅学、冯耕中、徐渝.价格随机波动下存货质押融资业务质押率研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007(12).
[25]李娟、徐渝、冯耕中等.基于存货质押融资业务的阶段贷款最优决策研究[J].运筹与管理.2007(2).
[26]陈祥峰、朱道立.企业市场占优投资竞争策略研究[J].上海理工大学学报.2007(6).
[27]朱文贵、朱道立、徐最.延迟支付条件下的存货质押融资服务定价模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.2007(12).
[28]王志强,罗来仪,金乐闻新编国际货运代理事务[M].北京,对外经济贸易大学出版社,2005：220.
[29]杨鹏强.国际货运代理操作实务[M].北京：中国海关出版社,2010：68.
[30]朱华兵.国际货运代理实务[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2010：49.
[31]陈旭.考虑期权合同供应链零售商订货[J].管理科学学报,2006,3.
[32]Graves S, de Kok T. Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science: Supply Chain Management[M]. Morth-Holland:Elsevier,2003.
[33]Cunat Vicente. Trade credit:Supplier as debt collectors and insurance providers[J]. The Review of Financial Studies.2007(20).
[34]Lariviere, M.A., A Note on Probability Distributions with Increasing Generalized Failure Rates[J]. Operations Research,2006(54).
[35]Briggs, E, Landry, TD, Daugherty, PJ. Investigating the influence of velocity performance on satisfaction with third party logistics service[J]. Industrial Marketing Management.2010,39(4).
[36]Modigliani, F., M. H. Miller. The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment[J]. America Economic Review.1958,48(3).
[37]Bruce Biewald, Tim Woolf, Amy Roschelle, William Steinhurst. Portfolio Management:How to Procure Electricity Resources to Provide Reliable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Electricity Services to All Retail Customers[J].Synapse Energy Economics,2003,10.
[38]Simchi-Levi, D,S. Wu, Z. Shen. Kluwer. Handbook of quantitative supply analysis:modeling in the E-business era[M]. Klumer Academic Publisher.2004.