直流大电流参考标准装置闭环自动控制系统的研究
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摘要
直流大电流参考标准装置闭环自动控制系统设计的主要目的,是在保证装置稳定可靠运行的前提下,尽可能地提高系统的精度,以实现对直流大电流监测的高准确度以及更好地对传递标准装置、工作标准装置进行校验。
本文主要是对6KA直流大电流参考标准装置闭环自动控制系统进行研究设计。
文章首先论述了直流大电流计量标准装置的工作原理安匝平衡,指出了反馈随动控制系统在其中的重要作用。根据工作原理,设计了包括第一级交流放大环节、滤波环节、第二级交流放大环节、相敏解调环节、直流放大环节以及功率放大环节在内的反馈随动控制系统硬件电路。
其次,本文根据实际硬件电路参数推导出反馈随动控制系统中各个环节的传递函数,由此得到系统的开环传递函数,绘出系统的波特频率特性曲线,并利用超前相位校正方法对系统进行校正,使得系统稳定。借助于MATLAB/SIMULINK,本文建立了反馈随动控制系统的系统仿真模型,并通过仿真实验验证了反馈随动控制系统硬件电路设计的正确性。
接着,本文深入研究了滞后相位校正方法和积分漂移现象,据此设计了近似比例-积分调节器,在保证了原反馈随动控制系统稳定的前提下,使得装置的理论精度获得了较大地提高,经仿真实验验证,可达1.14155×10~(-7)。
最后,得出结论:本课题所设计的6KA直流大电流参考标准装置能实现较高精度且各项性能良好,具有较好的工业应用价值。
The main purpose of the closed-loop automatic control system in the reference standard devices for heavy direct current is to increase the system accuracy as much as possible on the basis that the good performance of the devices,including stability and reliability,can be ensured. This will cause the monitoring of the heavy direct current achieve high preciseness and the calibration of the transfer standard devices and working standard devices better.
The focus of this article is the research and design of the automatic control system in the reference standard devices for 6000 Amperes heavy direct current.
The principle of the metering standard device for heavy direct current and the importance of the feedback follow-up control system has been discussed in the first part of this article. On this basis,the hardware circuit of the feedback follow-up control system including the link of filter,the link of alternating current amplifier,the link of phase-sensitive demodulator,the link of direct current amplifier and the link of power amplifier has been designed.
Next,the transfer function of each link has been deducted,thus,the open-loop transfer function of the system has been derived and the BODE frequency characteristic curve of the system has been drawn. Then,we corrected the system using the method of lead phase correction in order to make sure the stability of the system. With the help of the software named MATLAB/SIMULINK,the system simulation model of the feedback follow-up control system has been constructed,and the correctness of hardware circuit of the feedback follow-up control system has been tested and verified by making simulation experiment.
Then,the lag phase correction and the integral drift phenomenon have been introduced in detail,using this method,the approximate proportional-integral regulator has been designed,assuring the stability of the original feedback follow-up control system prerequisite conditions , to increase the system accuracy greatly , reach 1.14155×10~(-7) through verification of the simulation experiment.
Finally,we get the conclusion that the reference standard device for 6000 Amperes heavy direct current can achieve high accuracy and have a good operational performance,this make it have better value for industrial application.
本文主要是对6KA直流大电流参考标准装置闭环自动控制系统进行研究设计。
文章首先论述了直流大电流计量标准装置的工作原理安匝平衡,指出了反馈随动控制系统在其中的重要作用。根据工作原理,设计了包括第一级交流放大环节、滤波环节、第二级交流放大环节、相敏解调环节、直流放大环节以及功率放大环节在内的反馈随动控制系统硬件电路。
其次,本文根据实际硬件电路参数推导出反馈随动控制系统中各个环节的传递函数,由此得到系统的开环传递函数,绘出系统的波特频率特性曲线,并利用超前相位校正方法对系统进行校正,使得系统稳定。借助于MATLAB/SIMULINK,本文建立了反馈随动控制系统的系统仿真模型,并通过仿真实验验证了反馈随动控制系统硬件电路设计的正确性。
接着,本文深入研究了滞后相位校正方法和积分漂移现象,据此设计了近似比例-积分调节器,在保证了原反馈随动控制系统稳定的前提下,使得装置的理论精度获得了较大地提高,经仿真实验验证,可达1.14155×10~(-7)。
最后,得出结论:本课题所设计的6KA直流大电流参考标准装置能实现较高精度且各项性能良好,具有较好的工业应用价值。
The main purpose of the closed-loop automatic control system in the reference standard devices for heavy direct current is to increase the system accuracy as much as possible on the basis that the good performance of the devices,including stability and reliability,can be ensured. This will cause the monitoring of the heavy direct current achieve high preciseness and the calibration of the transfer standard devices and working standard devices better.
The focus of this article is the research and design of the automatic control system in the reference standard devices for 6000 Amperes heavy direct current.
The principle of the metering standard device for heavy direct current and the importance of the feedback follow-up control system has been discussed in the first part of this article. On this basis,the hardware circuit of the feedback follow-up control system including the link of filter,the link of alternating current amplifier,the link of phase-sensitive demodulator,the link of direct current amplifier and the link of power amplifier has been designed.
Next,the transfer function of each link has been deducted,thus,the open-loop transfer function of the system has been derived and the BODE frequency characteristic curve of the system has been drawn. Then,we corrected the system using the method of lead phase correction in order to make sure the stability of the system. With the help of the software named MATLAB/SIMULINK,the system simulation model of the feedback follow-up control system has been constructed,and the correctness of hardware circuit of the feedback follow-up control system has been tested and verified by making simulation experiment.
Then,the lag phase correction and the integral drift phenomenon have been introduced in detail,using this method,the approximate proportional-integral regulator has been designed,assuring the stability of the original feedback follow-up control system prerequisite conditions , to increase the system accuracy greatly , reach 1.14155×10~(-7) through verification of the simulation experiment.
Finally,we get the conclusion that the reference standard device for 6000 Amperes heavy direct current can achieve high accuracy and have a good operational performance,this make it have better value for industrial application.
引文
[1]胡重光,樊相来.直流大电流计量检测体系的开发与应用.中国计量,2004.1:14-17
[2]王笃志.关于建立国家直流大电流比例标准的意见.中国计量,2004.1:21-22
[3]熊信银,张步涵.电气工程基础.华中科技大学出版社,2005.6. 79-82
[4]董霞,杨仲卿.直流大电流在线校准标准器的研制.铁道技术监督,2007,Vol.35,No.2:39-40
[5]任士焱.控制系统中新型检测控制电流传感器性能研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1996,24(6):24-26
[6] M.P.MacMARTIN,N.L.KUSTERS. A Self-Balancing Direct Current Comparator for 20000 Amperes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,Vol.MAG-1,No.4:396-401
[7] N.L.Kusters and W.J.M.Moore. The current comparator and its application to the absolute calibration of current transformers. Trans. AIEE(Power Apparatus and Systems),1961,Vol.80:94-104
[8] P.N.Miljanic,N.L.Kusters,and W.J.M.Moore. The development of the current comparator,a high accuracy alternating current ratio measuring device. Trans. AIEE(Communication and Electronics),1962,Vol.81: 359-368
[9] Ren Shiyan. A 100,000-A High Precision On-Site Measurement Calibration Device for heavy Direct Current[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1990,39(1):19-22
[10] Ren shiyan. A 300,000-A High Precision Dc Comparator for On-Line Calibration and Measurement[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1991,40(1):281-283
[11] So Eddy,Renshiyan,Bennett.A.David. High Current High-Precision Openable-Core AC and AC/DC Current Transformers[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1993,42(2):571-576
[12] Lioyd D.V.,Taylor C.W. A Hall-Effect Measuring System For Heavy Direct And Alternating Current. Electronic Engineering,1967,39(11):452-457
[13]洪和平. DB-3A型电流计量标准装置系统的分析与综合.电测与仪表,1981,No.12:3-9
[14]揭秉信.磁调制器的理论分析与计算.仪器仪表学报,1982,Vol.3,No.1:57-63
[15]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(一).电测与仪表,1978,No.6:13-21
[16]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(二).电测与仪表,1978,No.7:20-26
[17]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(三).电测与仪表,1978,No.8:1-6
[18]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(四).电测与仪表,1978,No.9:1-11
[19]李阳.电力电子变换技术的回顾与发展.冶金自动化,2004增刊:603-605
[20]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2005年. 1-20
[21]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社,2004年. 1-15
[22]高葆新,梁春广.高效率E类放大器.半导体技术,2001,26(8):44-48
[23]李定川.放大器的类别及技术指标介绍.电子制作,2007:65-66
[24] Mark I.Montrose.电磁兼容和印刷电路板理论、设计和布线.人民邮电出版社,2004.3. 1-16
[25] Paul.C.R. A Comparison of The Contributions of Common-Mode and Differential-Mode Currents in Radiated Emissions. IEEE Transactions on EMC,1989,31(2):189-193
[26] Raab F H. Effects of variations on the class E tuned power amplifier[J]. IEEE J:Solid State Circuits,1978,13(4):239-247
[27] Sokal N O,Sokal A D. Class E A new class of high efficiency tuned single ended switching power amplifiers[J]. IEEE J:Solid State Circuits,1975,10(6):168-176
[28]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版).高等教育出版社,1999
[29] Apex Microtechnology. Power Integrated Circuits Data Book. Apex Microtechnology Corporation. 2004.12. 624-840
[30]王继春,卞岩,谢嘉慧.提高功率晶体管二次击穿耐量的新思路.半导体技术,1994.2,No.1:13-15
[31]刘邦彦.功率放大器的使用极限.世界电子元器件,2002,No.12:26-30
[32] C.Wang,L.E.Larson,and P.M.Asbeck. A Nonlinear Capacitance Cancellation Technique and Its Application to A CMOS Class AB Power Amplifier. Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp.,2001:39-42
[33]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第4版).科学出版社,2001.2
[34] Morris Driels. Linear Control Systems Engineering线性控制系统工程(影印版).北京:清华大学出版社,2003年
[35]胡坤.对数频率判据分析闭环系统的稳定性.辽宁建材,2002,No.1:43
[36]张晓华.控制系统数字仿真与CAD(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2005年
[37]孙祥,徐流美,吴清. MATLAB7.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.5
[38]徐垦,揭秉信.具有无差调节特性的磁放大器式直流大电流测量仪.电测与仪表,1998,35(385):6-7
[39] ENZ C C,TEMES G C. Circuit Techniques for Reducing The Effects of Op-Amp Imperfections ; Autozeroing , Correlated Double Sampling , and Chopper Stabilization[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1996,84(11):1584-1614
[40]陈本孝.对交流大电流测量装置中惯性环节的误差分析.华中工学院学报,1980,8(4):129-136
[41] Montenbruck,Gill E. Satellite Orbits-Models,Methods,and Applications[M]. 2000:268-299
[2]王笃志.关于建立国家直流大电流比例标准的意见.中国计量,2004.1:21-22
[3]熊信银,张步涵.电气工程基础.华中科技大学出版社,2005.6. 79-82
[4]董霞,杨仲卿.直流大电流在线校准标准器的研制.铁道技术监督,2007,Vol.35,No.2:39-40
[5]任士焱.控制系统中新型检测控制电流传感器性能研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1996,24(6):24-26
[6] M.P.MacMARTIN,N.L.KUSTERS. A Self-Balancing Direct Current Comparator for 20000 Amperes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,Vol.MAG-1,No.4:396-401
[7] N.L.Kusters and W.J.M.Moore. The current comparator and its application to the absolute calibration of current transformers. Trans. AIEE(Power Apparatus and Systems),1961,Vol.80:94-104
[8] P.N.Miljanic,N.L.Kusters,and W.J.M.Moore. The development of the current comparator,a high accuracy alternating current ratio measuring device. Trans. AIEE(Communication and Electronics),1962,Vol.81: 359-368
[9] Ren Shiyan. A 100,000-A High Precision On-Site Measurement Calibration Device for heavy Direct Current[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1990,39(1):19-22
[10] Ren shiyan. A 300,000-A High Precision Dc Comparator for On-Line Calibration and Measurement[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1991,40(1):281-283
[11] So Eddy,Renshiyan,Bennett.A.David. High Current High-Precision Openable-Core AC and AC/DC Current Transformers[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas,1993,42(2):571-576
[12] Lioyd D.V.,Taylor C.W. A Hall-Effect Measuring System For Heavy Direct And Alternating Current. Electronic Engineering,1967,39(11):452-457
[13]洪和平. DB-3A型电流计量标准装置系统的分析与综合.电测与仪表,1981,No.12:3-9
[14]揭秉信.磁调制器的理论分析与计算.仪器仪表学报,1982,Vol.3,No.1:57-63
[15]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(一).电测与仪表,1978,No.6:13-21
[16]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(二).电测与仪表,1978,No.7:20-26
[17]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(三).电测与仪表,1978,No.8:1-6
[18]郭来祥.磁调制器的理论与计算(四).电测与仪表,1978,No.9:1-11
[19]李阳.电力电子变换技术的回顾与发展.冶金自动化,2004增刊:603-605
[20]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2005年. 1-20
[21]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社,2004年. 1-15
[22]高葆新,梁春广.高效率E类放大器.半导体技术,2001,26(8):44-48
[23]李定川.放大器的类别及技术指标介绍.电子制作,2007:65-66
[24] Mark I.Montrose.电磁兼容和印刷电路板理论、设计和布线.人民邮电出版社,2004.3. 1-16
[25] Paul.C.R. A Comparison of The Contributions of Common-Mode and Differential-Mode Currents in Radiated Emissions. IEEE Transactions on EMC,1989,31(2):189-193
[26] Raab F H. Effects of variations on the class E tuned power amplifier[J]. IEEE J:Solid State Circuits,1978,13(4):239-247
[27] Sokal N O,Sokal A D. Class E A new class of high efficiency tuned single ended switching power amplifiers[J]. IEEE J:Solid State Circuits,1975,10(6):168-176
[28]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版).高等教育出版社,1999
[29] Apex Microtechnology. Power Integrated Circuits Data Book. Apex Microtechnology Corporation. 2004.12. 624-840
[30]王继春,卞岩,谢嘉慧.提高功率晶体管二次击穿耐量的新思路.半导体技术,1994.2,No.1:13-15
[31]刘邦彦.功率放大器的使用极限.世界电子元器件,2002,No.12:26-30
[32] C.Wang,L.E.Larson,and P.M.Asbeck. A Nonlinear Capacitance Cancellation Technique and Its Application to A CMOS Class AB Power Amplifier. Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp.,2001:39-42
[33]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第4版).科学出版社,2001.2
[34] Morris Driels. Linear Control Systems Engineering线性控制系统工程(影印版).北京:清华大学出版社,2003年
[35]胡坤.对数频率判据分析闭环系统的稳定性.辽宁建材,2002,No.1:43
[36]张晓华.控制系统数字仿真与CAD(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2005年
[37]孙祥,徐流美,吴清. MATLAB7.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.5
[38]徐垦,揭秉信.具有无差调节特性的磁放大器式直流大电流测量仪.电测与仪表,1998,35(385):6-7
[39] ENZ C C,TEMES G C. Circuit Techniques for Reducing The Effects of Op-Amp Imperfections ; Autozeroing , Correlated Double Sampling , and Chopper Stabilization[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1996,84(11):1584-1614
[40]陈本孝.对交流大电流测量装置中惯性环节的误差分析.华中工学院学报,1980,8(4):129-136
[41] Montenbruck,Gill E. Satellite Orbits-Models,Methods,and Applications[M]. 2000:268-299