红外探测系统杂散辐射的分析与抑制技术研究
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摘要
为了提高红外探测系统对空间弱小目标的探测能力，就要设法减小到达探测器靶面的杂散辐射，提高整个系统的信噪比。杂散辐射是指到达探测器靶面的非目标成像的辐射能量，它的危害性在于降低像面的对比度，增加探测器的输出噪声，严重时使探测器输出的目标信号完全湮没在杂散辐射引起的噪声中，影响到红外探测系统的空间探测距离和分辨能力。对于红外探测系统而言，室温下探测系统自身的热杂散辐射可能比目标辐射在探测器表面形成的辐照度大几个数量级，所以在使用杂散辐射抑制结构来抑制系统外的杂散辐射的同时，其自身的热杂散辐射也不能忽视。论文分析了红外探测系统的杂散辐射特性，在设计了红外探测系统的基础上，研究了杂散辐射抑制措施，并分析了这些抑制措施对整个系统探测能力的影响。
论文的主要研究成果及创新点为：
1，在分析杂散辐射来源的基础上，依据两表面间能量传递公式，建立了红外探测系统杂散辐射的数理模型，并明确了求解杂散辐射的关键是确定不同传输路径下各表面间的角系数。
2，分析了天基和地基红外探测系统两种工作模式下的杂散辐射特性。提出了依据TracePro软件建模并利用蒙特卡洛法追迹地气表面光线来计算地气热杂散辐射的方法，对来自地气、太阳、背景、光学透镜多种杂散辐射进行了计算，并分析了大气的传输与辐射特性。
3，设计了红外探测R-C系统，提出了相应的杂散辐射抑制方案，包括相关结构设计和内表面涂层选择，并对其进行了仿真，得到了系统的外部点辐射源的透过特性和系统自身热杂散辐射光子数和温度的关系，验证了杂散辐射抑制的有效性。
4，分析了红外探测系统的噪声组成，提出杂散辐射下系统信噪比的计算公式。使用等效光电子数，对红外探测系统中的几种主要噪声进行了计算和比较，分析了红外探测系统的噪声限。计算了系统的信噪比，研究了热杂散辐射对系统信噪比的影响。
In order to improve the detecting ability of dark and small target byinfrared detecting system, the stray radiation arrived at detector shouldbe decreased, and then the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased. Strayradiation is the radiant power from other sources except target. It candecrease the contrast of image and increase the noise, and sometimes thesignal may be inundated by the noise of stray radiation. Stray radiationaffects directly the detection distance and resolving power of theinfrared detecting system. In the infrared detecting system, strayradiation from thermal emission of a room-temperature instrument may beseveral orders of magnitude larger than the irradiance of target to beobserved. When stray radiation suppression structures are designed tosuppress the stray radiation coming from sources outside of the infrareddetecting system, their self thermal stray radiation should be discussedtogether. In this dissertation, the stray radiation characteristics ofinfrared detecting system are analyzed, the control methods of strayradiation are studied on the basis of the design of optical system, andhow the stray radiation suppression measures affect the detecting abilityof the system is studied.
The main achievements and innovations are as follows:
1, On the basis of analysis of origins of stray radiation, mathematicalmodels of stray radiation transmission in infrared detecting system areestablished according to power transmission equation between two surfaces.The key to calculate the stray radiation is defining the factor of anglesbetween surfaces.
2, Stray radiations of both space-based and ground-based infrareddetecting system are analyzed. A new way to calculate stray radiation from earth and atmosphere is given by establishing a model and simulating withthe Monte-Carlo method of ray-tracing in TracePro. Stray radiations aredetailedly calculated from earth and atmosphere, sun, background and lensthermal emission. Atmospheric transmission and atmospheric radiation arealso studied.
3, Infrared detecting system which type is R-C is designed. Strayradiation suppression methods are brought forward including optimizedsuppression structures and choice of surface coating. Simulations aredone to study the infrared detecting system. Point Source Transmittanceof the system and the relation between thermal radiation photon numbersand temperature are given.The validity of suppression methods is proved.
4, The noise composition of the detecting system is analyzed. Theformula of signal-to-noise ratio which includes the factor of strayradiation is put forward. Several kinds of important noises arecomparatively calculated by use of equivalent photoelectron numbers. Thenoise limit of the infrared detecting system is analyzed. Thesignal-to-noise is calculated and how the thermal stray radiation affectsdetection ability is studied.
论文的主要研究成果及创新点为：
1，在分析杂散辐射来源的基础上，依据两表面间能量传递公式，建立了红外探测系统杂散辐射的数理模型，并明确了求解杂散辐射的关键是确定不同传输路径下各表面间的角系数。
2，分析了天基和地基红外探测系统两种工作模式下的杂散辐射特性。提出了依据TracePro软件建模并利用蒙特卡洛法追迹地气表面光线来计算地气热杂散辐射的方法，对来自地气、太阳、背景、光学透镜多种杂散辐射进行了计算，并分析了大气的传输与辐射特性。
3，设计了红外探测R-C系统，提出了相应的杂散辐射抑制方案，包括相关结构设计和内表面涂层选择，并对其进行了仿真，得到了系统的外部点辐射源的透过特性和系统自身热杂散辐射光子数和温度的关系，验证了杂散辐射抑制的有效性。
4，分析了红外探测系统的噪声组成，提出杂散辐射下系统信噪比的计算公式。使用等效光电子数，对红外探测系统中的几种主要噪声进行了计算和比较，分析了红外探测系统的噪声限。计算了系统的信噪比，研究了热杂散辐射对系统信噪比的影响。
In order to improve the detecting ability of dark and small target byinfrared detecting system, the stray radiation arrived at detector shouldbe decreased, and then the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased. Strayradiation is the radiant power from other sources except target. It candecrease the contrast of image and increase the noise, and sometimes thesignal may be inundated by the noise of stray radiation. Stray radiationaffects directly the detection distance and resolving power of theinfrared detecting system. In the infrared detecting system, strayradiation from thermal emission of a room-temperature instrument may beseveral orders of magnitude larger than the irradiance of target to beobserved. When stray radiation suppression structures are designed tosuppress the stray radiation coming from sources outside of the infrareddetecting system, their self thermal stray radiation should be discussedtogether. In this dissertation, the stray radiation characteristics ofinfrared detecting system are analyzed, the control methods of strayradiation are studied on the basis of the design of optical system, andhow the stray radiation suppression measures affect the detecting abilityof the system is studied.
The main achievements and innovations are as follows:
1, On the basis of analysis of origins of stray radiation, mathematicalmodels of stray radiation transmission in infrared detecting system areestablished according to power transmission equation between two surfaces.The key to calculate the stray radiation is defining the factor of anglesbetween surfaces.
2, Stray radiations of both space-based and ground-based infrareddetecting system are analyzed. A new way to calculate stray radiation from earth and atmosphere is given by establishing a model and simulating withthe Monte-Carlo method of ray-tracing in TracePro. Stray radiations aredetailedly calculated from earth and atmosphere, sun, background and lensthermal emission. Atmospheric transmission and atmospheric radiation arealso studied.
3, Infrared detecting system which type is R-C is designed. Strayradiation suppression methods are brought forward including optimizedsuppression structures and choice of surface coating. Simulations aredone to study the infrared detecting system. Point Source Transmittanceof the system and the relation between thermal radiation photon numbersand temperature are given.The validity of suppression methods is proved.
4, The noise composition of the detecting system is analyzed. Theformula of signal-to-noise ratio which includes the factor of strayradiation is put forward. Several kinds of important noises arecomparatively calculated by use of equivalent photoelectron numbers. Thenoise limit of the infrared detecting system is analyzed. Thesignal-to-noise is calculated and how the thermal stray radiation affectsdetection ability is studied.
引文
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