血红蛋白（血红素）降低卷烟有害成分的研究
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摘要
随着“吸烟与健康”矛盾的日益尖锐，有选择地去除卷烟烟气中的有害物质，提高吸烟安全性，越来越受到烟草研究工作者的广泛重视。我国烟草工业迫切希望尽快生产出低焦油、低危害卷烟产品，提高卷烟制品的质量和安全性，以迎接加入世界贸易组织后的挑战，增强参与国际卷烟市场的竞争力。本论文通过分析血红蛋白、血红素降焦减害的理论基础，采用化学检测手段和扫描电镜观察方法，研究了血红蛋白、氯化血红素分子在活性炭表面的吸附行为、吸附量大小及影响因素，确定了负载血红蛋白、血红素的活性炭滤嘴添加剂的制备方法。通过建立卷烟烟气中一氧化碳、丙烯醛、氢氰酸、粒相自由基等有害物质的测定方法，试验研究了活性炭负载血红蛋白、血红素、合成铁卟啉等滤嘴添加剂对卷烟烟气一氧化碳、氢氰酸、丙烯醛以及焦油、尼古丁、粒相自由基的降低作用和量效关系。在本文提供的试验条件下，活性炭添加剂中血红蛋白的负载量在65～85mg／g之间，氯化血红素的负载量160～190mg／g。活性炭负载血红蛋白添加剂对卷烟烟气有害成分的降低率(60mg的加入量)分别为：丙烯醛(39.3％)，自由基(34.3％)，CO(30.4％)，氢氰酸(25.1％)，焦油(8.1％)，尼古丁(6.5％)。活性炭负载氯化血红素和合成铁卟啉对卷烟烟气有害成分的降低率(60mg的加入量)为：CO(34.5～37.6％)，氢氰酸(29.4～31％)，自由基(27.8～28.7％)，丙烯醛(19.6～21.1％)，焦油(6.9～5.8％)，尼古丁(5.6％)。样品卷烟的品吸效果满意，具有一定的应用价值。因此，采用活性炭负载血红蛋白、血红素滤嘴添加剂，能有效降低烟气中一氧化碳、丙烯醛、氢氰酸、粒相自由基、焦油、尼古丁等有害物质，为探索卷烟降焦减害提供了一条新的途径。
with a rise of conflict of "Smoke and Health",it was needed to produce the safety cigarette and tobacco production with lower yields in harmful chemical component levels. In this dissertation,Reducing hazardous components in cigarette smoke by using additives were studied. The additives were made of commercial active carbon absorbing hemoglobin and hemin. The adsorptive type and absorptivity of active carbon have been investigated for different parameters,The effect of additives in the reduction of the tar,nicotine,free radicals in cigarette smoke aerosol particles phase and carbon monoxide,hydrogen cyanic,acrolein in cigarette smoke gas phase were studied by adding additives in cigarette filter tips,wherein active carbon additive with hemoglobin at 60mg/cigaeette resulted in reductions of 39.3% acrolein,34.3% free radicals,30.4% carbon monoxide,25.1% hydrogen cyanic,8.1% tar and 6.5% nicotine in respective levels. The good effects were also showed when active carbon additives with Hemin or synthetic Fe-porp
hyrin at 60mg/cigarette caused reductions to 37.6-34.5% carbon monoxide,31-29.4% hydrogen cyanic,28.7-27.8% free radicals,21.1-19.6% acrolein,6.9-5.8% tar and 5.6% nicotine in respective levels. It was satisfied with puffing and tasting the sample cigarettes.
with a rise of conflict of "Smoke and Health",it was needed to produce the safety cigarette and tobacco production with lower yields in harmful chemical component levels. In this dissertation,Reducing hazardous components in cigarette smoke by using additives were studied. The additives were made of commercial active carbon absorbing hemoglobin and hemin. The adsorptive type and absorptivity of active carbon have been investigated for different parameters,The effect of additives in the reduction of the tar,nicotine,free radicals in cigarette smoke aerosol particles phase and carbon monoxide,hydrogen cyanic,acrolein in cigarette smoke gas phase were studied by adding additives in cigarette filter tips,wherein active carbon additive with hemoglobin at 60mg/cigaeette resulted in reductions of 39.3% acrolein,34.3% free radicals,30.4% carbon monoxide,25.1% hydrogen cyanic,8.1% tar and 6.5% nicotine in respective levels. The good effects were also showed when active carbon additives with Hemin or synthetic Fe-porp
hyrin at 60mg/cigarette caused reductions to 37.6-34.5% carbon monoxide,31-29.4% hydrogen cyanic,28.7-27.8% free radicals,21.1-19.6% acrolein,6.9-5.8% tar and 5.6% nicotine in respective levels. It was satisfied with puffing and tasting the sample cigarettes.
引文
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[30] 张之南，李蓉生主编．红细胞疾病基础与临床[M]．科学出版社，2000年
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[35] Bergmark E,Calleman C.J,He F.S,et al. Determination of hemoglobin adducts in humans occupationlly exposed to aerylamide.Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.[J] 1993,120:45～54
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