滤芯的研究
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摘要
本论文采用一种新型优质材料—海泡石作为滤芯，是一种应用型研究，根据国家科技图书文献中心的检索结果，海泡石作为滤芯在国内甚至国际上未见报道，是一种创新性研究，从研究的结果来看，已经达到国内领先甚至国际先进水平。这种材料具有非常大的比表面积，酸热处理后，加温不超过300℃，此时海泡石材料的比表面积能达到450～600m~2/g，具有非常好的吸附性能，经实验研究证明，是一种非常良好的过滤材料，在流量为1.6m~3/h时，压力损失为0.31Mpa，压力损失仅为石英砂过滤器的1/2。通过放湿试验，对材料进行了热活化处理，得到了最佳热活化处理温度。为海泡石的产品开发打下了非常良好的基础。利用真空抽滤法制造滤芯，效果很好，薄厚可以根据滤浆的浓度和抽滤时间来确定，敷层比较均匀。通过不同的木纤维和海泡石的配比进行镀层试验，对滤芯进行绝对过滤精度和压差试验，证明了这种滤芯具有良好的过滤效果。由于这种材料在我国的储量非常丰富，而且价格便宜，达到纳污能力的滤芯，只要不是吸附有毒物质(因为这种材料本身是无毒的绿色产品)，可以直接撒入田间，省去了普通过滤的处理垃圾的麻烦。
测试了清洁床层压力降和流量、孔隙率的关系。通过压差试验得到的数据，利用流体力学进行建模，利用多元线性回归方程，得到了此种滤芯的压力损失方程。证明此种滤芯有很好的市场前景
This article adopted a kind of new high grade material named sepiolite as the filter element, which is a kind of actual research. According to the searching result of National Science of Technology Library, filter element of sepiolite isn't reported in the world which is a kind of creative research. From the outcome of the research, the research has attained the advanced level in the world.
Sepiolite has very big specific surface area. For example,the specific surface area can reach to 450-600m2/g through acidic and heat treatment when the heat treatment temperature is below 300 C.It has been testified that sepiolite is a very good filtration material with excellent adsorption property through the experiment. Pressure losing is 0.31MPa when the flux is 1.6m3/h,which is half of the quartz sand filter. The optimal activation temperature was obtained through the releasing moisture and heat activation experiment ,which is beneficial for the development and utilization of sepiolite.The dressing is even and filter element is very good through the method of taking out vacuum filtration. The thickness can be defined by the concentration of liquid and taking out vacuum filtration time. This article has obtained excellent properties by dressing experiment with different proportion of wood fibre and sepiolite and experiment of pressure losing and absolute filtration precision. Used filter element can be throwed into the field because the storage of sepiolite is rich and price is cheap, only if the adsorpted material is not poisonous. The trouble of dust is wiped off.
The relationships were tested among pressure losing,flux and porosity.The pressure losing equation was gained via the model of hydromechanics,the experiment datum of pressure losing and multidimensional linear regression equation.This article has testified this king of filter element will has a good prospect.
测试了清洁床层压力降和流量、孔隙率的关系。通过压差试验得到的数据，利用流体力学进行建模，利用多元线性回归方程，得到了此种滤芯的压力损失方程。证明此种滤芯有很好的市场前景
This article adopted a kind of new high grade material named sepiolite as the filter element, which is a kind of actual research. According to the searching result of National Science of Technology Library, filter element of sepiolite isn't reported in the world which is a kind of creative research. From the outcome of the research, the research has attained the advanced level in the world.
Sepiolite has very big specific surface area. For example,the specific surface area can reach to 450-600m2/g through acidic and heat treatment when the heat treatment temperature is below 300 C.It has been testified that sepiolite is a very good filtration material with excellent adsorption property through the experiment. Pressure losing is 0.31MPa when the flux is 1.6m3/h,which is half of the quartz sand filter. The optimal activation temperature was obtained through the releasing moisture and heat activation experiment ,which is beneficial for the development and utilization of sepiolite.The dressing is even and filter element is very good through the method of taking out vacuum filtration. The thickness can be defined by the concentration of liquid and taking out vacuum filtration time. This article has obtained excellent properties by dressing experiment with different proportion of wood fibre and sepiolite and experiment of pressure losing and absolute filtration precision. Used filter element can be throwed into the field because the storage of sepiolite is rich and price is cheap, only if the adsorpted material is not poisonous. The trouble of dust is wiped off.
The relationships were tested among pressure losing,flux and porosity.The pressure losing equation was gained via the model of hydromechanics,the experiment datum of pressure losing and multidimensional linear regression equation.This article has testified this king of filter element will has a good prospect.
引文
[1] 邓庚风，罗来涛，陈昭平，等．海泡石的性能及其应用．江西科学，1999，Vol．17(No．1)：59-66
[2] 史玉芳，姜燕冬．海泡石粘土矿的应用．矿物岩石地球化学通报，1997，Vol．16(增刊)：101-102
[3] 丁启圣．新型实用过滤技术．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000
[4] 金瑶．HEF深层纤维过滤器的研制和试验研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科技情报研究所，1996
[5] 戴军，袁惠新．啤酒过滤的现状与发展．食品与机械，1999，No．4，9-11
[6] Gary Freeman.Liquid and solid separation in beer. Brewer's Guardian, 1996,125(12):27-32
[7] D.Oedhsle and B.Fussenger. Brauwelt, 1990(41): 1780-1789
[8] J.Hermia & S.Brocheton. Comparison of modern beer filters.Filtration & Separation, 1994
[9] 黄学光，贺玉珍，王亚烈等．华北海泡石矿—产状、成因和用途．北京：中国地矿出版社，1996
[10] 李平．坡缕石、海泡石吸附性研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科技情报研究所，1997
[11] [美]克莱德·奥尔编，绍启祥译．北京：国防工业出版社，1982
[12] K.J.Ives, Mathematical models of deep bed filtration, the Scientific Basis of Filtration,Noard haft Leyden(ED),1975
[13] 陈钰，许为全，赵荣义．新型纤维过滤器的研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol．38(No．7)：82-85
[14] Fuchs N A. The Mechanics of Aerosols. New York: Pergamon Press, 1964
[15] Galan, Emilio, Carretero, Ma. Isabel.New approach to compositional limits for sepiolite and palygorskite. Clays and Clay Minerals Vol. 47(No.4), 1999: 399-409
[16] 周光垌等编．流体力学．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[17] Gonzalez-Pradas,E.,Villafranca-Sanchez,M.,Fernandez-Perez,M.,et al. Preliminary studies in removing atrazine, isoproturon and imidacloprid from water by natural sepiolite. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.74(No.5), 1999:417—422
[18] 王继忠，张振宇，梁波．海泡石应用于烹调油的过滤．河北工业大学学报，2002，Vol．31(No．3)：94-97
[19] 王继忠，张振宇．海泡石在葡萄酒过滤中的应用．酿酒，2002，Tol．109(No．3)：46-49
[20] 王继忠，李金山，张振宇，等．海泡石的基础性能研究．南开大学学报(自然科学)，2002,Vol．35 No．3：118-122
[21] 王继忠，王涛，张振宇，等。海泡石抄造耐高温薄页纸．天津大学学报，2002，Vol．35(No．4)：50-52
[22] 张高科，崔国治，海泡石型卷烟过滤嘴的研制，建材地质，Tol．89(No．1)，1997：33-35
[23] Caturla,F., Molina-Sabio,M.,Rodriguez-Reinoso,M..Adsorption-desorption of water vapor by natural and heat-treated sepiolite in ambient air. Applied Clay Science,Vol. 15(No.3),1999:
367-380
[24] 河北地质三队．河北张家口南部热液型优质海泡石成矿地质特征．全国第三届粘土学术讨论会，3，19901025，青岛
[25] Gunay, E.,Ozkan,T.O.. Production of porous ceramics from sepiolite based minerals. Industrial Ceramics, Vol.21(No.3),2001. 145-149
[26] Torro-Palau,Ana, Fernandez-Garcia, Orgiles-Barcelo, A., et al. Structural modification of sepiolite (natural magnesium silicate) by thermal treatment: Effect on the properties of polyurethane adhesives. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 17(No.2), 1997: 111-119
[27] 李丽，王振领编著．MATLAB工程计算及应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[28] 孙荣恒，黄雯莹，伊亨云编．数理统计，重庆：重庆大学出版社，1999
[29] Balci,Suna. Thermal decomposition of sepiolite and variations in pore structure with and without acid pre-treatment Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.66 (No.1), 1996: 72-78
[30] George.E.et al. Structure changes in polygorskite during dehydration and dehydroxylation. Amer. Minerals,Vol.64,1997: 215-223
[31] A.J.Dandy. Surface properties of sepiolite from Amboseli,Tanzania, and its catalytic activity for ethanol decomposition. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol.30(No.5), 347-352
[32] S. Inagaki et al. Pore size distribution and adsorption selection of sepiolite, Clay Minerals,Vol.25,1990. 99-105
[33] Cases J.M, et al. Evolution of the porous structure and surface area of palygorskite under vacuum thermal treatment. Clays and Clay miner. Vol.39, 1991:191-201
[34] Mendioroz. F. et al. Mechanism of acid activation of magnetic palygorskite. Clays and Clay miner, Vol.37,1989:258-262
[35] Yariv S.. Infrared evidence for the occurrence of SiO groups with double bound character in antigorite, sepiolite and palygorskite. Clay Miner, Vol.21, 1986:925-936
[36] C.Blanco et al. Infrared studies of surface acidity and reversible folding in palygorskite, Clays and Clay Minerals,Vol.36(No.4),1988. 364-368
[37] C.Serna et al. Hydroxyl groups and water in palygorskite. Amer Minerals,Vol.62,1977: 784-792
[38] 田熙．非金属矿产地质学．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，1989
[39] Serna C.L. Infrared study of sepiolite and palygorskite surfaces Pro.6th Int. Clay Conf, 1978: 197-206
[40] 朱履冰．表面与界面物理．天津：天津大学出版社，1992
[41] 张锡辉，王占生．水—纤维床层过滤压力损失理论研究综述．工业水处理，Vol．14(No．5)，1994
[42] 范德顺，黄钟．英国HW深层过滤器的原理、性能及发展前景．流体工程，No．3，1990
[43] F. Caturla, M. Molina-Sabio, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso. Adsorption-desorption of water vapor by natural and heat-treated sepiolite in ambient air. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 15,1999:367-380
[44] Fujiwara、I., Sato、M. Adsorption of water vapor on sepiolite for chemical heat pumps. J.Chem. Eng. Jpn. Vol.25(No.5),609-611
[45] Setoguchi, H., Ogawa, E.. Sepiolite and attapulgite in soil amendment for golf course. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho, 1993. JP93336839A2.
[46] Yucel, A.M., Rautureau, M., Tchoubar, D., et al. Calculation of the X-ray powder reflection profiles of very small needle-like crystals: Ⅱ. Quantitative results on Eskisehir sepiolite fibers. J. Appl. Clays 14, 1981: 431-454.
[47] Rautureau, M., Mifsud, A.. Etude par microscope electronique des differents etats d'hydration de la sepiolite. Clay Miner. 12, 1977: 309-318.
[48] Grillet, Y., Cases, J.M., Franc,ois, M.,et al. Modification of the porous structure and surface area of sepiolite under vacuum thermal treatment. Clays Clay. Miner. 36 3, 1988:233-242
[49] Galan, E.. Industrial applications of sepiolite from Vallecas-Vicalvaro. Spain: a review. Proc. Int'l Clay Conf. Denver, CO, USA, 1987: 400-404.
[50] Nagata, H., Shimoda, S., Sudo, T.. On dehydration of bound water of sepiolite. Clays Clay Miner. 22, 1974:285-293
[2] 史玉芳，姜燕冬．海泡石粘土矿的应用．矿物岩石地球化学通报，1997，Vol．16(增刊)：101-102
[3] 丁启圣．新型实用过滤技术．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000
[4] 金瑶．HEF深层纤维过滤器的研制和试验研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科技情报研究所，1996
[5] 戴军，袁惠新．啤酒过滤的现状与发展．食品与机械，1999，No．4，9-11
[6] Gary Freeman.Liquid and solid separation in beer. Brewer's Guardian, 1996,125(12):27-32
[7] D.Oedhsle and B.Fussenger. Brauwelt, 1990(41): 1780-1789
[8] J.Hermia & S.Brocheton. Comparison of modern beer filters.Filtration & Separation, 1994
[9] 黄学光，贺玉珍，王亚烈等．华北海泡石矿—产状、成因和用途．北京：中国地矿出版社，1996
[10] 李平．坡缕石、海泡石吸附性研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科技情报研究所，1997
[11] [美]克莱德·奥尔编，绍启祥译．北京：国防工业出版社，1982
[12] K.J.Ives, Mathematical models of deep bed filtration, the Scientific Basis of Filtration,Noard haft Leyden(ED),1975
[13] 陈钰，许为全，赵荣义．新型纤维过滤器的研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol．38(No．7)：82-85
[14] Fuchs N A. The Mechanics of Aerosols. New York: Pergamon Press, 1964
[15] Galan, Emilio, Carretero, Ma. Isabel.New approach to compositional limits for sepiolite and palygorskite. Clays and Clay Minerals Vol. 47(No.4), 1999: 399-409
[16] 周光垌等编．流体力学．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[17] Gonzalez-Pradas,E.,Villafranca-Sanchez,M.,Fernandez-Perez,M.,et al. Preliminary studies in removing atrazine, isoproturon and imidacloprid from water by natural sepiolite. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.74(No.5), 1999:417—422
[18] 王继忠，张振宇，梁波．海泡石应用于烹调油的过滤．河北工业大学学报，2002，Vol．31(No．3)：94-97
[19] 王继忠，张振宇．海泡石在葡萄酒过滤中的应用．酿酒，2002，Tol．109(No．3)：46-49
[20] 王继忠，李金山，张振宇，等．海泡石的基础性能研究．南开大学学报(自然科学)，2002,Vol．35 No．3：118-122
[21] 王继忠，王涛，张振宇，等。海泡石抄造耐高温薄页纸．天津大学学报，2002，Vol．35(No．4)：50-52
[22] 张高科，崔国治，海泡石型卷烟过滤嘴的研制，建材地质，Tol．89(No．1)，1997：33-35
[23] Caturla,F., Molina-Sabio,M.,Rodriguez-Reinoso,M..Adsorption-desorption of water vapor by natural and heat-treated sepiolite in ambient air. Applied Clay Science,Vol. 15(No.3),1999:
367-380
[24] 河北地质三队．河北张家口南部热液型优质海泡石成矿地质特征．全国第三届粘土学术讨论会，3，19901025，青岛
[25] Gunay, E.,Ozkan,T.O.. Production of porous ceramics from sepiolite based minerals. Industrial Ceramics, Vol.21(No.3),2001. 145-149
[26] Torro-Palau,Ana, Fernandez-Garcia, Orgiles-Barcelo, A., et al. Structural modification of sepiolite (natural magnesium silicate) by thermal treatment: Effect on the properties of polyurethane adhesives. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 17(No.2), 1997: 111-119
[27] 李丽，王振领编著．MATLAB工程计算及应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[28] 孙荣恒，黄雯莹，伊亨云编．数理统计，重庆：重庆大学出版社，1999
[29] Balci,Suna. Thermal decomposition of sepiolite and variations in pore structure with and without acid pre-treatment Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.66 (No.1), 1996: 72-78
[30] George.E.et al. Structure changes in polygorskite during dehydration and dehydroxylation. Amer. Minerals,Vol.64,1997: 215-223
[31] A.J.Dandy. Surface properties of sepiolite from Amboseli,Tanzania, and its catalytic activity for ethanol decomposition. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol.30(No.5), 347-352
[32] S. Inagaki et al. Pore size distribution and adsorption selection of sepiolite, Clay Minerals,Vol.25,1990. 99-105
[33] Cases J.M, et al. Evolution of the porous structure and surface area of palygorskite under vacuum thermal treatment. Clays and Clay miner. Vol.39, 1991:191-201
[34] Mendioroz. F. et al. Mechanism of acid activation of magnetic palygorskite. Clays and Clay miner, Vol.37,1989:258-262
[35] Yariv S.. Infrared evidence for the occurrence of SiO groups with double bound character in antigorite, sepiolite and palygorskite. Clay Miner, Vol.21, 1986:925-936
[36] C.Blanco et al. Infrared studies of surface acidity and reversible folding in palygorskite, Clays and Clay Minerals,Vol.36(No.4),1988. 364-368
[37] C.Serna et al. Hydroxyl groups and water in palygorskite. Amer Minerals,Vol.62,1977: 784-792
[38] 田熙．非金属矿产地质学．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，1989
[39] Serna C.L. Infrared study of sepiolite and palygorskite surfaces Pro.6th Int. Clay Conf, 1978: 197-206
[40] 朱履冰．表面与界面物理．天津：天津大学出版社，1992
[41] 张锡辉，王占生．水—纤维床层过滤压力损失理论研究综述．工业水处理，Vol．14(No．5)，1994
[42] 范德顺，黄钟．英国HW深层过滤器的原理、性能及发展前景．流体工程，No．3，1990
[43] F. Caturla, M. Molina-Sabio, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso. Adsorption-desorption of water vapor by natural and heat-treated sepiolite in ambient air. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 15,1999:367-380
[44] Fujiwara、I., Sato、M. Adsorption of water vapor on sepiolite for chemical heat pumps. J.Chem. Eng. Jpn. Vol.25(No.5),609-611
[45] Setoguchi, H., Ogawa, E.. Sepiolite and attapulgite in soil amendment for golf course. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho, 1993. JP93336839A2.
[46] Yucel, A.M., Rautureau, M., Tchoubar, D., et al. Calculation of the X-ray powder reflection profiles of very small needle-like crystals: Ⅱ. Quantitative results on Eskisehir sepiolite fibers. J. Appl. Clays 14, 1981: 431-454.
[47] Rautureau, M., Mifsud, A.. Etude par microscope electronique des differents etats d'hydration de la sepiolite. Clay Miner. 12, 1977: 309-318.
[48] Grillet, Y., Cases, J.M., Franc,ois, M.,et al. Modification of the porous structure and surface area of sepiolite under vacuum thermal treatment. Clays Clay. Miner. 36 3, 1988:233-242
[49] Galan, E.. Industrial applications of sepiolite from Vallecas-Vicalvaro. Spain: a review. Proc. Int'l Clay Conf. Denver, CO, USA, 1987: 400-404.
[50] Nagata, H., Shimoda, S., Sudo, T.. On dehydration of bound water of sepiolite. Clays Clay Miner. 22, 1974:285-293