超宽带滤波器的小型化及可控性研究
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摘要
随着移动通信以及无线多媒体业务的快速发展,UWB(Ultra-Wideband)无线技术越来越受到人们的重视。为了适应超宽带技术的发展,其关键射频器件超宽带滤波器不仅应用于定位、探测、武器制导等军事项目的微波电路,还可用于高速无线局域网等民用设备的微波电路,特别是超宽带微波滤波器的小型化问题也逐渐成为超宽带滤波器的研究热点。因此本课题的研究具有一定的研究和应用价值。
本论文首先对超宽带滤波器的小型化技术在国内外研究现状进行了分析、总结和归纳,并对滤波器不同的超宽带实现方式进行了优缺点的比较。其次从具有阶跃阻抗结构SIR(stepped-impedance resonator)的微带传输线谐振器出发,对多模谐振器的结构和谐振条件进行研究,通过研究平行线耦合结构、叉指线耦合结构以及通过在接地面开孔的方法在较宽的频带范围内提高阻抗匹配,进行超宽带滤波器的设计,并分析各个参数对超宽带滤波器特性的影响。提出通过增加多模谐振器的阶数来增加低次谐振模以进一步增加超宽带滤波器的工作带宽的方法。
本文还对在介质基板上沉积BST铁电材料薄膜进行了研究,利用BST铁电材料薄膜的介电非线性,改变外加的偏置电场,改变BST薄膜的介电常数,从而改变超宽带滤波器的工作通带。
With the rapid development of mobile communication and wireless multimedia, people pay more attention to the UWB (Ultra-Wideband) technology. It is different from conventional wireless technology, because it is used in PAN of short distance. In order to be adapted to the broad uses of UWB technology, the UWB filter, regarded as one of the most important RF devices of a UWB communication system, should be applied not only to microwave circuits of military applications such as orientation, exploration, and so on, but also to the microwave circuits of civil applications such as using high speed WLAN. Therefore, research on UWB filters is becoming a hot spot.
With development of MMIC, some microwave active circuits, such as amplifiers and modems, are getting smaller and smaller. However, many problems still exist in reducing sizes of microwave filters and oscillators. It is especially difficult to reduce the size of microwave filter of passive circuit. Therefore, researching and developing of miniaturized microwave filters with good performance are being pay much attention.
In this paper, current research of miniaturized UWB filters inside and outside the country has been presented, analyzed at first. Different methods to design UWB filters have also been compared with each other. According to micro-strip transmission line resonators with SIR structures, the structures and resonance of multi-mode resonators are studied. It is found that impedance matching is improved in a wide frequency band with coupling structures of parallel and interdigital coupled lines by adding aperture to the ground plane. The UWB filter is designed with numerical simulation. It shows that experimental results have good agreement with theoretic results.
According to nonlinear dielectric characteristics of BST film, a BST ferroelectric thin film in the substrate is deposited. The permittivity of the BST film changes along with change of the bias offset voltage, which causes the variety of bandwidth of UWB filter.
本论文首先对超宽带滤波器的小型化技术在国内外研究现状进行了分析、总结和归纳,并对滤波器不同的超宽带实现方式进行了优缺点的比较。其次从具有阶跃阻抗结构SIR(stepped-impedance resonator)的微带传输线谐振器出发,对多模谐振器的结构和谐振条件进行研究,通过研究平行线耦合结构、叉指线耦合结构以及通过在接地面开孔的方法在较宽的频带范围内提高阻抗匹配,进行超宽带滤波器的设计,并分析各个参数对超宽带滤波器特性的影响。提出通过增加多模谐振器的阶数来增加低次谐振模以进一步增加超宽带滤波器的工作带宽的方法。
本文还对在介质基板上沉积BST铁电材料薄膜进行了研究,利用BST铁电材料薄膜的介电非线性,改变外加的偏置电场,改变BST薄膜的介电常数,从而改变超宽带滤波器的工作通带。
With the rapid development of mobile communication and wireless multimedia, people pay more attention to the UWB (Ultra-Wideband) technology. It is different from conventional wireless technology, because it is used in PAN of short distance. In order to be adapted to the broad uses of UWB technology, the UWB filter, regarded as one of the most important RF devices of a UWB communication system, should be applied not only to microwave circuits of military applications such as orientation, exploration, and so on, but also to the microwave circuits of civil applications such as using high speed WLAN. Therefore, research on UWB filters is becoming a hot spot.
With development of MMIC, some microwave active circuits, such as amplifiers and modems, are getting smaller and smaller. However, many problems still exist in reducing sizes of microwave filters and oscillators. It is especially difficult to reduce the size of microwave filter of passive circuit. Therefore, researching and developing of miniaturized microwave filters with good performance are being pay much attention.
In this paper, current research of miniaturized UWB filters inside and outside the country has been presented, analyzed at first. Different methods to design UWB filters have also been compared with each other. According to micro-strip transmission line resonators with SIR structures, the structures and resonance of multi-mode resonators are studied. It is found that impedance matching is improved in a wide frequency band with coupling structures of parallel and interdigital coupled lines by adding aperture to the ground plane. The UWB filter is designed with numerical simulation. It shows that experimental results have good agreement with theoretic results.
According to nonlinear dielectric characteristics of BST film, a BST ferroelectric thin film in the substrate is deposited. The permittivity of the BST film changes along with change of the bias offset voltage, which causes the variety of bandwidth of UWB filter.
引文
[1]Menzel,W.;Rahman Tito,M.S.;Lei Zhu,"Low-Loss Ultra-Wideband(UWB)Filters Using Suspended Stripline",Microwave Conference Proceedings,2005.APMC 2005.Asia-Pacific Conference Proceedings,Volume 4,Issue,Dec.2005,Page(s):4-7
[2]D.Packiaraj,M.Ramesh,A.T.Kalghatgi,,"Broad Band Filter for UWB Communications",;Microwave Conference,2006.36th European,On page(s):606-608
[3]Jing Gao,Lei Zhu,Wolfgang Menzel,"Ultra-wideband bandpass filter on coplanar waveguide:Proposal and implementation",RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering Volume 17,Issue 2,1 Mar 2007,Pages 225-232
[4]Ishida,H.;Araki,K."A design of tunable UWB filters",Conference on Ultrawideband Systems and Technologies.,Volume,Issue,18-21 May 2004 Page(s):424-428
[5]Hitoshi Ishida,Kiyomichi Araki,"Design and analysis of UWB BPF with ring resonator",Electronics and Communications in Japan Volume 88,Issue 6,11 May 2005 Pages 1-8
[6]Hitoshi Ishida and Kiyomichi Araki,"Analysis of Ring Filter and Its Cascade Synthesis Method",Electronics and Communications in Japan,Part 2,Vol.90,No.3,2007 pp9-16
[7]C Sheng Sun,Lei Zhu,"Adaptive-Ended Interdigital Coupled Lines for UWB Bandpass Filters With Improved Out-of-Band Performances ",MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS,IEEE,VOL.16,NO.8,AUGUST 2006,pp440-442
[8]Seokjin Hong,Heejun Lee,Hoon Park,and Jaehoon Choi,"A SMALL BANDSTOP MICROSTRIP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATIONS",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.48,No.11,November 2006,pp2162-2165
[9]Hang Wang,,Lei Zhu,and Wolfgang Menzel,"Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter With Hybrid Microstrip/CPW Structure",MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS,,IEEE,VOL.15,NO.12,DECEMBER 2005,pp844-846
[10]Guo-Min Yang,Gaobiao Xiao,Ronghong Jin,Junping Geng,,Wei He,and Min Ding,"DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDE BAND(UWB)BANDPASS FILTER BASED ON DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.49,No.6,June 2007,pp1374-1377
[11]G.C.Temes,ands.K.Mitra,"Modern Filter Theory and Design",Wiley,NewYOrk1973
[12]Jia-Sheng Hong,M.J.Lancaster," Microstrip Filter for RF/microwave Applications ",John Wiley & Sons Press,2001
[13]刘长军,黄卡玛等 射频通信电路设计.科学出版社,2005
[14]J.HelsZajn,"Synthesis of Lumped Element,Distributed and Planar Filter" MeGraw-Hill London,1990
[15]B.Easter,"The equivalent circuit of some microstrip discontinuities ",IEEE,Trans.MTT.-23,Aug.1975.pp655-660
[16]Prakash Bhartia,Computer—Aided Design Models for broadside coupled Striplines and Millimeter Substrate Microstrip Line,IEEE,MTT,1988,36(11):730-736
[17]M.Makimoto,S.Yamashita:无线通信中的微波谐振器与滤波器,赵宏锦译,北京国防工业出版社,2002
[18]R.Gargandl.J.Bahl,"Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip lines ",IEEE,Trans,MTT-27,July 1979,700-705.Correetionsin IEEE Trans,MTT-28,March 1980,P.272
[19]GeorgeL.Matthaei,Leo Young,E.M.T.Jones,Microwave filter,Impedance matching networks and Coupling structures,McGraww-Hill.1964;
[20]Prakash.Bhartia,Computer-Aided Design Models for broadside coupled Striplines and Millimeter Substrate Microstrip Lines.IEEE MTTs,1988,36(11):730-736。
[21]瓦.杨森,鲍贤杰译.波导与带状线-北京:国防工业出版社,198l。
[22]冯正和,张竞平,赵英杰.广义电容矩阵及其应用—梳状及交指滤波器的精确设计.电子学报,1996,24(10):20-26
[23]M.Makimoto and S.Yamashita,"Bandpass filters using parallel coupled stripline stepped impedance resonators",IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 28(1980),1413-1417
[24]L.Zhu,S.Sun,"Ultra-wideband(UWB)bandpass filter using multiple-mode resonator ",IEEE Microw.wireless compon,lett,vol15,no 11 2005 pp.796-798
[25]L.Zhu and K.Wu,"Corrections to accurate circuit model of interdigital capacitor and its application to design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters with suppression of harmonic resonance," IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 50(2002),2412-2413.
[26]Jayesh Nath,Dipankar Ghosh,Jon-Paul Maria,Angus I.Kingon,Wael Fathelbab,Paul D.Franzon,and Michael B.Steer,"An Electronically Tunable Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Thin-Film Barium-Strontium-Titanate(BST)Varactors " IEEE.Trans.MTT,VOL.53,NO.9,SEPT 2005
[27]Fred W.Van Keuls,Felix A.Miranda,Chadwick L.Canedy,Sanjeev Aggarwal,Thirumalai Venkatesan,and Ramamoorthy Ramesh,"CORRELATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD AND CRITICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR FERROELECTRIC TUNABLE MICROWAVE FILTERS"
[28]Ki-Byoung Kim,Tae-Soon Yun,Ran-Young Kim,Hyun-Suk Kim,Ho-Gi Kim,and Jong-Chul Leel,"BST INTERDIGITAL CAPACITORS WITH HIGH TUNABILITY ON MgO SUBSTRATE",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.45,No.1,April 5 2005 pp.15-18
[29]Jayesh Nath,Wael M.Fathelbab,Peter G.Lam,Dipankar Ghosh,Seymen Aygin,Kevin G.Gard, J.-P. Maria, Angus I. Kingon, and Michael B. Steer, "Discrete Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Thin-Film Interdigital Varactors on Alumina: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications"Microwave Symposium Diqest, 2006 IEEE.MTT. June pp552-555
[30] Peng Thian Teo, K.A.Jose, Adaptive ferroelectric phased shifters for phased array antenna.7th IEEE Int Symp.on high Performance Electron Devices for Microwave device applications, 1999,9:182-187
[31 ] Franco De Flaviis.Full wave analysis of coplanar phase shifter printed on high purity ferroelectric material.IEEE.MTT-S Diges.2000.1367-1370
[32] Manas K.Roy,Jerzy Richter,"Tunable Ferroelectric Filters for software Defined Tactical Radios"IEEE.ISAF 2006 Conference
[2]D.Packiaraj,M.Ramesh,A.T.Kalghatgi,,"Broad Band Filter for UWB Communications",;Microwave Conference,2006.36th European,On page(s):606-608
[3]Jing Gao,Lei Zhu,Wolfgang Menzel,"Ultra-wideband bandpass filter on coplanar waveguide:Proposal and implementation",RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering Volume 17,Issue 2,1 Mar 2007,Pages 225-232
[4]Ishida,H.;Araki,K."A design of tunable UWB filters",Conference on Ultrawideband Systems and Technologies.,Volume,Issue,18-21 May 2004 Page(s):424-428
[5]Hitoshi Ishida,Kiyomichi Araki,"Design and analysis of UWB BPF with ring resonator",Electronics and Communications in Japan Volume 88,Issue 6,11 May 2005 Pages 1-8
[6]Hitoshi Ishida and Kiyomichi Araki,"Analysis of Ring Filter and Its Cascade Synthesis Method",Electronics and Communications in Japan,Part 2,Vol.90,No.3,2007 pp9-16
[7]C Sheng Sun,Lei Zhu,"Adaptive-Ended Interdigital Coupled Lines for UWB Bandpass Filters With Improved Out-of-Band Performances ",MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS,IEEE,VOL.16,NO.8,AUGUST 2006,pp440-442
[8]Seokjin Hong,Heejun Lee,Hoon Park,and Jaehoon Choi,"A SMALL BANDSTOP MICROSTRIP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATIONS",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.48,No.11,November 2006,pp2162-2165
[9]Hang Wang,,Lei Zhu,and Wolfgang Menzel,"Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter With Hybrid Microstrip/CPW Structure",MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS,,IEEE,VOL.15,NO.12,DECEMBER 2005,pp844-846
[10]Guo-Min Yang,Gaobiao Xiao,Ronghong Jin,Junping Geng,,Wei He,and Min Ding,"DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDE BAND(UWB)BANDPASS FILTER BASED ON DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.49,No.6,June 2007,pp1374-1377
[11]G.C.Temes,ands.K.Mitra,"Modern Filter Theory and Design",Wiley,NewYOrk1973
[12]Jia-Sheng Hong,M.J.Lancaster," Microstrip Filter for RF/microwave Applications ",John Wiley & Sons Press,2001
[13]刘长军,黄卡玛等 射频通信电路设计.科学出版社,2005
[14]J.HelsZajn,"Synthesis of Lumped Element,Distributed and Planar Filter" MeGraw-Hill London,1990
[15]B.Easter,"The equivalent circuit of some microstrip discontinuities ",IEEE,Trans.MTT.-23,Aug.1975.pp655-660
[16]Prakash Bhartia,Computer—Aided Design Models for broadside coupled Striplines and Millimeter Substrate Microstrip Line,IEEE,MTT,1988,36(11):730-736
[17]M.Makimoto,S.Yamashita:无线通信中的微波谐振器与滤波器,赵宏锦译,北京国防工业出版社,2002
[18]R.Gargandl.J.Bahl,"Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip lines ",IEEE,Trans,MTT-27,July 1979,700-705.Correetionsin IEEE Trans,MTT-28,March 1980,P.272
[19]GeorgeL.Matthaei,Leo Young,E.M.T.Jones,Microwave filter,Impedance matching networks and Coupling structures,McGraww-Hill.1964;
[20]Prakash.Bhartia,Computer-Aided Design Models for broadside coupled Striplines and Millimeter Substrate Microstrip Lines.IEEE MTTs,1988,36(11):730-736。
[21]瓦.杨森,鲍贤杰译.波导与带状线-北京:国防工业出版社,198l。
[22]冯正和,张竞平,赵英杰.广义电容矩阵及其应用—梳状及交指滤波器的精确设计.电子学报,1996,24(10):20-26
[23]M.Makimoto and S.Yamashita,"Bandpass filters using parallel coupled stripline stepped impedance resonators",IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 28(1980),1413-1417
[24]L.Zhu,S.Sun,"Ultra-wideband(UWB)bandpass filter using multiple-mode resonator ",IEEE Microw.wireless compon,lett,vol15,no 11 2005 pp.796-798
[25]L.Zhu and K.Wu,"Corrections to accurate circuit model of interdigital capacitor and its application to design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters with suppression of harmonic resonance," IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 50(2002),2412-2413.
[26]Jayesh Nath,Dipankar Ghosh,Jon-Paul Maria,Angus I.Kingon,Wael Fathelbab,Paul D.Franzon,and Michael B.Steer,"An Electronically Tunable Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Thin-Film Barium-Strontium-Titanate(BST)Varactors " IEEE.Trans.MTT,VOL.53,NO.9,SEPT 2005
[27]Fred W.Van Keuls,Felix A.Miranda,Chadwick L.Canedy,Sanjeev Aggarwal,Thirumalai Venkatesan,and Ramamoorthy Ramesh,"CORRELATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD AND CRITICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR FERROELECTRIC TUNABLE MICROWAVE FILTERS"
[28]Ki-Byoung Kim,Tae-Soon Yun,Ran-Young Kim,Hyun-Suk Kim,Ho-Gi Kim,and Jong-Chul Leel,"BST INTERDIGITAL CAPACITORS WITH HIGH TUNABILITY ON MgO SUBSTRATE",MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS/Vol.45,No.1,April 5 2005 pp.15-18
[29]Jayesh Nath,Wael M.Fathelbab,Peter G.Lam,Dipankar Ghosh,Seymen Aygin,Kevin G.Gard, J.-P. Maria, Angus I. Kingon, and Michael B. Steer, "Discrete Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Thin-Film Interdigital Varactors on Alumina: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications"Microwave Symposium Diqest, 2006 IEEE.MTT. June pp552-555
[30] Peng Thian Teo, K.A.Jose, Adaptive ferroelectric phased shifters for phased array antenna.7th IEEE Int Symp.on high Performance Electron Devices for Microwave device applications, 1999,9:182-187
[31 ] Franco De Flaviis.Full wave analysis of coplanar phase shifter printed on high purity ferroelectric material.IEEE.MTT-S Diges.2000.1367-1370
[32] Manas K.Roy,Jerzy Richter,"Tunable Ferroelectric Filters for software Defined Tactical Radios"IEEE.ISAF 2006 Conference