双站逆合成孔径雷达二维成像算法研究
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摘要
本文首先阐述了双站逆合成孔径雷达的概念、优点和发展历程,然后研究了双站逆合成孔径雷达的特例——单站逆合成孔径雷达对转台目标的二维成像算法,并在此基础上分析了四种主要的转台成像算法,FFT算法、滤波逆投影算法、谱外推算法和ESPRIT算法,并对以上各种算法分别在小角度和大角度下的成像性能进行了比较。在单站的基础上主要从原理方面研究了双站逆合成孔径雷达对转台目标的二维成像,分析了双站小角度旋转目标成像,推导出了横向分辨力和纵向分辨力的表达式,然后给出了仿真实验和结论。针对目标的运动对双站逆合成孔径雷达成像质量的影响,运用基于散射重心跟踪的ISAR运动补偿方法来消除目标运动对成像质量的影响,并针对双站ISAR运动目标回波获取的困难,运用一种用转台数据模拟运动目标回波的方法来获得仿真数据,最后用仿真数据验证了基于散射重心跟踪法的双站ISAR运动补偿的正确性。
The concept, advantages and history of bistatic ISAR are introduced first in this paper, then 2-D turntable imaging of monostatic ISAR the special example of bistatic ISAR is studied. On the basis of monostatic ISAR four imaging algorithms are analyzed, including FFT algorithm, filtered backprojection algorithm, spectrum extrapolation algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm, and compared in the small and big angel of imaging. On the basis of monostatic imaging the 2-D turntable imaging principle of bistatic ISAR is studied,. the small rotational angel imaging is discussed and the resolution of cross-range and range are formulized. Then the simulation results and conclusion are given. For the effect of motion of target, a method of ISAR motion compensation based on scattering center tracking is used. For the difficulty of getting echo signal of bistatic ISAR of moving target, a method of simulating moving target using turntable data is used. Finally the imaging results by using simulating data based on scattering center tracking show the effectiveness of the methods.
The concept, advantages and history of bistatic ISAR are introduced first in this paper, then 2-D turntable imaging of monostatic ISAR the special example of bistatic ISAR is studied. On the basis of monostatic ISAR four imaging algorithms are analyzed, including FFT algorithm, filtered backprojection algorithm, spectrum extrapolation algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm, and compared in the small and big angel of imaging. On the basis of monostatic imaging the 2-D turntable imaging principle of bistatic ISAR is studied,. the small rotational angel imaging is discussed and the resolution of cross-range and range are formulized. Then the simulation results and conclusion are given. For the effect of motion of target, a method of ISAR motion compensation based on scattering center tracking is used. For the difficulty of getting echo signal of bistatic ISAR of moving target, a method of simulating moving target using turntable data is used. Finally the imaging results by using simulating data based on scattering center tracking show the effectiveness of the methods.
引文
[1] 杨振起等,《双(多)基地雷达系统》,国防工艺出版社,1998.3
[2] H D Griffiths, Bistatic Radar - Principles And Practice, Microwave Conference/Brazil, 1993., SBMO International
[3] 任冬晨,双站合成孔径雷达技术的研究,中国科学院电子学研究所硕士学位论文,2003.6
[4] 丁鹭飞,耿富录,雷达原理,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[5] 张澄波,《综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用》,科学出版社,1989.
[6] 黄培康,雷达目标特征信号,宇航出版社,1993
[7] 王永寿,雷达的目标成像技术,飞航导弹,1999.10
[8] 孙真真,基于光学区雷达目标二维像的目标散射特征提取的理论及方法研究,长沙:国防科技大学博士学位论文,2001
[9] J C Curlander, R N McDonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley&SONS, INC, 1991
[10] Walker J L, Range-Doppler imaging of rotating objects, IEEE Trans on AES, 1980 16(1):23-52
[11] 刘永坦,雷达成像技术,哈尔滨工业出版社,1999
[12] Munson D C etc, A Tomographic Formulation of Spotlight-Mode SAR, Proc.of IEEE, 1983,71(8):917-925.
[13] 张贤达,现代数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社.1995
[14] 黄培康,许小剑,巢增明,肖志河,小角度旋转目标微波成像,电子学报,1992.6
[15] 黄培康,许小剑,旋转目标微波成像中的旁瓣抑制研究,宇航学报,1988.10
[16] 谢文冲,弹载毫米波雷达二维成像方法研究,空军雷达学院硕士学位论文,2003.1
[17] Wehner D R, High-resolution radar, Boston:Artech House, 1995
[18] 崔东哲,翁祖荫,逆合成孔径雷达成像技术的研究,系统工程与电子技术,1996,18(16):15-21
[19] Lazarov A, Minchev C, Autofocusing-spectral 2-D ISAR image reconstruction from linear frequency modulated signal, Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2002 IEEE, 15-18 April 2002
[20] 余继周,步进频率逆合成孔径雷达成像算法研究,航天科工集团第二研究院硕士论文,2002.3
[21] 龙腾,频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析,现代雷达,1996,18(2):32-37
[22] Berizzi F, Dalle Mese E, Martorella M, Performance analysis of a contrast-based ISAR autofocusing algorithm, Radar Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE, 22-25 April 2002
[23] 黄德双著,高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.2
[24] Marco Martorella, James Palner and I Dennis Longstaff, Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, RADAR 2004-International Conference on Radar Systems
[25] Caputi Jr., Image processing for bistatic image radar, US Patent, 4,246,580,January 20, 1981
[26] Caputi Jr, Bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths, US Patent, 4,325,065, April 13, 1982
[27] M Soumekh and J Choi, Target imaging using a synthesized bistatic radar, Systems Engineering, 1989., IEEE International Conference on
[28] MENSA D and HEIDBREDEX G, Bistatic synthetic-aperture radar imaging of rotating objects, IEEE Trans, 1982, AES-18, pp.423431
[29] Stephanie Lockwood, Andrew Brown, and Hua Lee, Backward Propagation Image Reconstruction Techniques for Bistatic Synthetic-Aperture Radar Imaging Systems with Circular-Aperture Configurations, Signals, Systems and Computers, 2001. Conference Record of the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on
[30] J L Bauck and W K Jenkins, Convolution-backprojection image resource for bistatic synthetic aperture radar, Circuits and Systems, 1989., IEEE International Symposium on
[31] W F HERDEGB and H WENDEL, Bistatic high resolution imaging on a monostatic range, ELECTRONICS LETTERS 30th August 1990 Vol. 26 No. 18
[32] GLASER I I, Some results in the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of complex objects, Proc. IEEE, 1989.77, pp. 63-8
[33] Davies D E N, Use of bistatic radar techniques to improve resolution in the vertical plane, Electronics letters,Vol 4, No.9, pp170-171, May 1968.
[34] 保铮,邓文彪,杨军,散射重心跟踪的 ISAR 运动补偿方法,西安电子科技大学学报,1990.9
[35] 汪玲,ISAR 运动补偿技术研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2003.2
[36] Mehrdad Soumekh, Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Inversion with Application in Dynamic Object Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESS. VOL. 39.NO. 9. SEPTEMBER 1991
[37] J Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES,1975,VoL ll, No.3,pp. 338348.
[38] Son J S, Thomas G and Flores B C, Range-Doppler radar imaging and motion compensation, Boston:Artech House, 2001
[39] 邢孟道,保铮,一种逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐的新方法,西安电子科技大学学报,2000,27(1):93-96
[40] Xing M, Wu R, Lan J, Bao Z, Migration Through Resolution Cell Compensation in ISAR Imaging, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE, April 2004
[41] Chen C C, Andrews H C, Target-motion-induced radar imaging, IEEE Trans on AES, 1980, 16(1):11-14
[42] Berizzi F, Mese E D, Diani M, Martorella M, High-resolution ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets by means of the range instantaneous Doppler technique: modeling and performance analysis, Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Dec. 2001
[43] Haiqing Wu, Grenier D, Delisle G.Y, Da-Gang Fang, Translational motion compensation inISAR image processing, Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Nov. 1995
[44] 杨军,保铮,用转台数据模拟运动目标的 ISAR 研究,西安电子科技大学学报,1992.3
[2] H D Griffiths, Bistatic Radar - Principles And Practice, Microwave Conference/Brazil, 1993., SBMO International
[3] 任冬晨,双站合成孔径雷达技术的研究,中国科学院电子学研究所硕士学位论文,2003.6
[4] 丁鹭飞,耿富录,雷达原理,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[5] 张澄波,《综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用》,科学出版社,1989.
[6] 黄培康,雷达目标特征信号,宇航出版社,1993
[7] 王永寿,雷达的目标成像技术,飞航导弹,1999.10
[8] 孙真真,基于光学区雷达目标二维像的目标散射特征提取的理论及方法研究,长沙:国防科技大学博士学位论文,2001
[9] J C Curlander, R N McDonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, John Wiley&SONS, INC, 1991
[10] Walker J L, Range-Doppler imaging of rotating objects, IEEE Trans on AES, 1980 16(1):23-52
[11] 刘永坦,雷达成像技术,哈尔滨工业出版社,1999
[12] Munson D C etc, A Tomographic Formulation of Spotlight-Mode SAR, Proc.of IEEE, 1983,71(8):917-925.
[13] 张贤达,现代数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社.1995
[14] 黄培康,许小剑,巢增明,肖志河,小角度旋转目标微波成像,电子学报,1992.6
[15] 黄培康,许小剑,旋转目标微波成像中的旁瓣抑制研究,宇航学报,1988.10
[16] 谢文冲,弹载毫米波雷达二维成像方法研究,空军雷达学院硕士学位论文,2003.1
[17] Wehner D R, High-resolution radar, Boston:Artech House, 1995
[18] 崔东哲,翁祖荫,逆合成孔径雷达成像技术的研究,系统工程与电子技术,1996,18(16):15-21
[19] Lazarov A, Minchev C, Autofocusing-spectral 2-D ISAR image reconstruction from linear frequency modulated signal, Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2002 IEEE, 15-18 April 2002
[20] 余继周,步进频率逆合成孔径雷达成像算法研究,航天科工集团第二研究院硕士论文,2002.3
[21] 龙腾,频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析,现代雷达,1996,18(2):32-37
[22] Berizzi F, Dalle Mese E, Martorella M, Performance analysis of a contrast-based ISAR autofocusing algorithm, Radar Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE, 22-25 April 2002
[23] 黄德双著,高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.2
[24] Marco Martorella, James Palner and I Dennis Longstaff, Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, RADAR 2004-International Conference on Radar Systems
[25] Caputi Jr., Image processing for bistatic image radar, US Patent, 4,246,580,January 20, 1981
[26] Caputi Jr, Bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths, US Patent, 4,325,065, April 13, 1982
[27] M Soumekh and J Choi, Target imaging using a synthesized bistatic radar, Systems Engineering, 1989., IEEE International Conference on
[28] MENSA D and HEIDBREDEX G, Bistatic synthetic-aperture radar imaging of rotating objects, IEEE Trans, 1982, AES-18, pp.423431
[29] Stephanie Lockwood, Andrew Brown, and Hua Lee, Backward Propagation Image Reconstruction Techniques for Bistatic Synthetic-Aperture Radar Imaging Systems with Circular-Aperture Configurations, Signals, Systems and Computers, 2001. Conference Record of the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on
[30] J L Bauck and W K Jenkins, Convolution-backprojection image resource for bistatic synthetic aperture radar, Circuits and Systems, 1989., IEEE International Symposium on
[31] W F HERDEGB and H WENDEL, Bistatic high resolution imaging on a monostatic range, ELECTRONICS LETTERS 30th August 1990 Vol. 26 No. 18
[32] GLASER I I, Some results in the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of complex objects, Proc. IEEE, 1989.77, pp. 63-8
[33] Davies D E N, Use of bistatic radar techniques to improve resolution in the vertical plane, Electronics letters,Vol 4, No.9, pp170-171, May 1968.
[34] 保铮,邓文彪,杨军,散射重心跟踪的 ISAR 运动补偿方法,西安电子科技大学学报,1990.9
[35] 汪玲,ISAR 运动补偿技术研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2003.2
[36] Mehrdad Soumekh, Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Inversion with Application in Dynamic Object Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESS. VOL. 39.NO. 9. SEPTEMBER 1991
[37] J Kirk, Motion compensation for SAR, IEEE Trans. On AES,1975,VoL ll, No.3,pp. 338348.
[38] Son J S, Thomas G and Flores B C, Range-Doppler radar imaging and motion compensation, Boston:Artech House, 2001
[39] 邢孟道,保铮,一种逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐的新方法,西安电子科技大学学报,2000,27(1):93-96
[40] Xing M, Wu R, Lan J, Bao Z, Migration Through Resolution Cell Compensation in ISAR Imaging, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE, April 2004
[41] Chen C C, Andrews H C, Target-motion-induced radar imaging, IEEE Trans on AES, 1980, 16(1):11-14
[42] Berizzi F, Mese E D, Diani M, Martorella M, High-resolution ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets by means of the range instantaneous Doppler technique: modeling and performance analysis, Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Dec. 2001
[43] Haiqing Wu, Grenier D, Delisle G.Y, Da-Gang Fang, Translational motion compensation inISAR image processing, Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Nov. 1995
[44] 杨军,保铮,用转台数据模拟运动目标的 ISAR 研究,西安电子科技大学学报,1992.3