基于SVG的网络地图浏览器的设计与实现
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摘要
地图浏览器是Web GIS的客户端核心软件，广泛应用于地理空间信息的发布、浏览和查询。
SVG（Scalable Vector Graphics，可缩放矢量图形）是一种基于互联网第二代交互语言XML（Extensible Markup Language，可扩展标记语言）的开放标准的矢量图形描述语言。SVG能够彻底满足Web开发者对动态、可缩放和与平台无关的矢量图形的要求，是解决目前网络带宽严重不足的一种有效的解决方案，对地学工作者来说无疑给空间数据的发布、交换、表达带来了极大的便利。
Java是一种分布式的，具有跨平台特性的程序设计语言，具有很多面向网络应用的优良特性。Batik是Apache组织开发项目里最重要的SVG开放源代码软件计划之一，是一个基于Java技术的SVG工具集，适用于可缩放矢量图形（SVG）格式的各种应用。通过Batik提供的核心模块，开发人员可以在其应用程序中集成SVG的各种应用。在本文撰写过程中，作者利用Java语言结合Batik核心模块开发了专用于SVG地图数据发布的地图浏览器，并实现了地图浏览器的基本功能，如地图的缩放、漫游、属性查询和图层控制等，为进一步开发基于SVG的网络地理信息系统进行了有益的尝试。
本文首先分析了SVG的技术特点和文档结构；然后根据空间数据的地理实体模型，采用层和层组的数据组织方式，运用SVG对地理空间数据进行了编码，并介绍了SVG矢量地图制作与编码的一般过程；接下来阐述了Java语言和Batik的设计思想，并介绍了利用Jbuilder可视化Java开发工具进行编程的方法；最后阐述了浏览器的设计思想和关键技术，诸如：界面设计、功能设计、模块和类、接口设计模型，并利用面向对象的方法，从静态和动态方面分析了浏览器的部件结构、运行状态和事件交互过程，并给出了一些关键性程序代码。
The map browser is the client-side core software of Web GIS,and it is extensively used to released,look through and inquired about geographic spatical information.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML language for describing two-dimensional graphics.The SVG can thoroughly meet the Web developer’s appeal to vector graphic which is dynamic,scalable and platform independent,and is a resolvent to the bandwidth which is seriously insufficient at this time,and it undoubtedly brings extremely facilitating for physiography worker to the spatial data’s release,exchange and representation.
Java is a kind of programme language which has the distribute,platform independent property and has a lot of good property to the network application.Batik is a Java(tm) technology based toolkit for applications or applets that want to use images in the Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG) format for various purposes,such as viewing,generation or manipulation. The project's ambition is to give developers a set of core modules which can be used together or individually to support specific SVG solutions. In process of writing this thesis,the author try developing a special map browser by Java language and Batik and already realize its basic function such as zoom、pan、query that the map browser ought to have , and give the useful attempt to Web-GIS based on SVG.
Firstly,This thesis analyses the feature of SVG and it’s document constructure. Afterwards give an account of the encoding process and means which based on the geography physicals model,adopt the means of layer and grouped layer,utilize SVG to encode and group the data of vector map. And then elaborated the design idea of Java language and Batik, and introduce how to use the Jbuilder to carry on the concrete means of programming. In the end,the Browser design idea and its key technique were elaborated,such as the interface design、function design、the module、class and the pattern of interface design,and analyse its unit architecture、running state、and event mutually process,from static state and dynamic state,and present some main codes.
SVG（Scalable Vector Graphics，可缩放矢量图形）是一种基于互联网第二代交互语言XML（Extensible Markup Language，可扩展标记语言）的开放标准的矢量图形描述语言。SVG能够彻底满足Web开发者对动态、可缩放和与平台无关的矢量图形的要求，是解决目前网络带宽严重不足的一种有效的解决方案，对地学工作者来说无疑给空间数据的发布、交换、表达带来了极大的便利。
Java是一种分布式的，具有跨平台特性的程序设计语言，具有很多面向网络应用的优良特性。Batik是Apache组织开发项目里最重要的SVG开放源代码软件计划之一，是一个基于Java技术的SVG工具集，适用于可缩放矢量图形（SVG）格式的各种应用。通过Batik提供的核心模块，开发人员可以在其应用程序中集成SVG的各种应用。在本文撰写过程中，作者利用Java语言结合Batik核心模块开发了专用于SVG地图数据发布的地图浏览器，并实现了地图浏览器的基本功能，如地图的缩放、漫游、属性查询和图层控制等，为进一步开发基于SVG的网络地理信息系统进行了有益的尝试。
本文首先分析了SVG的技术特点和文档结构；然后根据空间数据的地理实体模型，采用层和层组的数据组织方式，运用SVG对地理空间数据进行了编码，并介绍了SVG矢量地图制作与编码的一般过程；接下来阐述了Java语言和Batik的设计思想，并介绍了利用Jbuilder可视化Java开发工具进行编程的方法；最后阐述了浏览器的设计思想和关键技术，诸如：界面设计、功能设计、模块和类、接口设计模型，并利用面向对象的方法，从静态和动态方面分析了浏览器的部件结构、运行状态和事件交互过程，并给出了一些关键性程序代码。
The map browser is the client-side core software of Web GIS,and it is extensively used to released,look through and inquired about geographic spatical information.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML language for describing two-dimensional graphics.The SVG can thoroughly meet the Web developer’s appeal to vector graphic which is dynamic,scalable and platform independent,and is a resolvent to the bandwidth which is seriously insufficient at this time,and it undoubtedly brings extremely facilitating for physiography worker to the spatial data’s release,exchange and representation.
Java is a kind of programme language which has the distribute,platform independent property and has a lot of good property to the network application.Batik is a Java(tm) technology based toolkit for applications or applets that want to use images in the Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG) format for various purposes,such as viewing,generation or manipulation. The project's ambition is to give developers a set of core modules which can be used together or individually to support specific SVG solutions. In process of writing this thesis,the author try developing a special map browser by Java language and Batik and already realize its basic function such as zoom、pan、query that the map browser ought to have , and give the useful attempt to Web-GIS based on SVG.
Firstly,This thesis analyses the feature of SVG and it’s document constructure. Afterwards give an account of the encoding process and means which based on the geography physicals model,adopt the means of layer and grouped layer,utilize SVG to encode and group the data of vector map. And then elaborated the design idea of Java language and Batik, and introduce how to use the Jbuilder to carry on the concrete means of programming. In the end,the Browser design idea and its key technique were elaborated,such as the interface design、function design、the module、class and the pattern of interface design,and analyse its unit architecture、running state、and event mutually process,from static state and dynamic state,and present some main codes.
引文
[1] 李永革.浏览器的安全技术研究:[学位论文].国防科技大学,2002
[2] 刘南等.Web GIS原理及其应用——主要Web GIS平台开发实例.科学出版社，2002.21~25
[3] 周文生等.Web环境下SVG地图浏览器的设计与实现.测绘学院学报,2003,20(2):135~141
[4] Chaitan Baru,Amit Behere,Charles Cowart. Representation and display of geospatial information:A comparison of ArcXML and SVG. Web Information Systems Engineering.2001.Proceedings of the Second International Conference on, 2001.2(5). 48 ~53
[5] 骆炎民.基于XML的Web GIS及其数据共享的研究:[学位论文].华侨大学,2003
[6] 赵改善.SVG:一种前景光明的地学绘图技术.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):47~54
[7] 柏丙军.面向网络会议的图形浏览器的研究与实现:[学位论文].浙江大学,2002
[8] 邓凯.基于XML的实时Web GIS优化模型的研究与应用:[学位论文].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002
[9] Jon Ferraiolo. Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG)1.0 Specification[s],W3C Candidate Recommendation,2000,11,2. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-SVG-200001102/
[10] Tim Bray,Jean Paoli,C.M.Sperberg-McQueen,Eve Maier. Extensible Markup language (XML)1.0(SecondEdition)[s],W3CRecommendation,2000,6,11. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-XML
[11] 陈传波等.基于SVG的实时数据动态发布技术的研究.小型微型计算机系统,2002,23(5):609~612
[12] 候宇等.基于XML的SVG技术及其应用.计算机应用研究,2002:136~138
[13] 周强中等.SVG在Web GIS中的应用.计算机应用研究,2003:108~121
[14] 刘宏伟.基于Web的动态报表系统之展示子系统研究:[学位论文].昆明理工大学，2002
[15] Günter Pomaska.Introduction of SVG as a data Interchange format for architectural Documentations.Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Bielefeld University of AppliedSciences,Germany. http://www.divide-by-zero.com/publikationen/gp_antalya_2003.pdf
[16] Didier Courtaud. The SVG Language,November,2003. http://www.renater.fr/Video/ 2003ATHENS/DC-SVG_eng_2003/all.pdf
[17] Adnreas Neumann André M. Winter2. Webmaping with Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG)-Delivering the promise of high quality and interactive web maps. Institute of Cartography, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. http://maps.unomaha.edu/peterson/ compmapping/BookChapters/Chapter12Neumann.pdf
[18] 虞盛超.XML技术在面向数字城市的移动GIS系统中应用研究——一XML为框架的数据融合和数据表现:[学位论文].北京大学,2002
[19] 周文生.基于SVG的Web GIS研究.中国图像图形学报,2002,7(7):693~698
[20] David Duce,Ivan Herman and Bob Hopgood. Web 2D Graphics File Formats. Oxford Brookes University,School of Computing &Mathematical Science,Wheatley Campus,Oxford Oxford OX33 1HX, uk、World Wide Web Consortium(W3C),C/O W3C Dutch Office at CWI,Kruislaan 413,1098 SJ Amsterdam,The Netherlands. http://homepages. cwi.nl/~ivan/AbuoutMe/Publications/SVGOverview.pdf
[21] 毋河海 龚健雅. 地理信息系统（GIS）空间数据结构与处理技术.测绘出版社,1997. 1~12
[22] 陈述彭 鲁学军 周成虎.地理信息系统导论.科学出版社,2000.29~55
[23] 葛庭婷.地理信息系统软件设计的研究与应用:[学位论文].大连理工大学,2002
[24] 李津平.基于Internet的地图符号化研究:[学位论文].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002
[25] 飞思科技产品研发中心. Java 2应用开发指南.人民邮电出版社,2002.3~7
[26] 吴志方. 基于DOM的SVG编辑器.[学位论文].华中科技大学,2002
[27] John hunt. From Java to SVG. http://www.appdevadvisor.co.uk/Downloads/ada6_2/ Hunt6_2.pdf
[28] Batik 1.5 http://xml.apache.org/batik
[29] Jeremias M?rki. Use case: Generating an SVG DOM Document. http://krysalis.org/ barcode/svg-dom.pdf
[30] Thomas DeWeese,Vincent Hardy. Introduction to Batik Project. Eastman Kodak Company, Sun Microsystems Inc. ApacheCon 2001, Santa Clara. http://koala.ilog.fr/ ftp/batik/apacheCon.pdf
[31] 徐雅静. Jbuilder6入门与提高.人民邮电出版社,2003,1~3
[2] 刘南等.Web GIS原理及其应用——主要Web GIS平台开发实例.科学出版社，2002.21~25
[3] 周文生等.Web环境下SVG地图浏览器的设计与实现.测绘学院学报,2003,20(2):135~141
[4] Chaitan Baru,Amit Behere,Charles Cowart. Representation and display of geospatial information:A comparison of ArcXML and SVG. Web Information Systems Engineering.2001.Proceedings of the Second International Conference on, 2001.2(5). 48 ~53
[5] 骆炎民.基于XML的Web GIS及其数据共享的研究:[学位论文].华侨大学,2003
[6] 赵改善.SVG:一种前景光明的地学绘图技术.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):47~54
[7] 柏丙军.面向网络会议的图形浏览器的研究与实现:[学位论文].浙江大学,2002
[8] 邓凯.基于XML的实时Web GIS优化模型的研究与应用:[学位论文].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002
[9] Jon Ferraiolo. Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG)1.0 Specification[s],W3C Candidate Recommendation,2000,11,2. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-SVG-200001102/
[10] Tim Bray,Jean Paoli,C.M.Sperberg-McQueen,Eve Maier. Extensible Markup language (XML)1.0(SecondEdition)[s],W3CRecommendation,2000,6,11. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-XML
[11] 陈传波等.基于SVG的实时数据动态发布技术的研究.小型微型计算机系统,2002,23(5):609~612
[12] 候宇等.基于XML的SVG技术及其应用.计算机应用研究,2002:136~138
[13] 周强中等.SVG在Web GIS中的应用.计算机应用研究,2003:108~121
[14] 刘宏伟.基于Web的动态报表系统之展示子系统研究:[学位论文].昆明理工大学，2002
[15] Günter Pomaska.Introduction of SVG as a data Interchange format for architectural Documentations.Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Bielefeld University of AppliedSciences,Germany. http://www.divide-by-zero.com/publikationen/gp_antalya_2003.pdf
[16] Didier Courtaud. The SVG Language,November,2003. http://www.renater.fr/Video/ 2003ATHENS/DC-SVG_eng_2003/all.pdf
[17] Adnreas Neumann André M. Winter2. Webmaping with Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG)-Delivering the promise of high quality and interactive web maps. Institute of Cartography, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. http://maps.unomaha.edu/peterson/ compmapping/BookChapters/Chapter12Neumann.pdf
[18] 虞盛超.XML技术在面向数字城市的移动GIS系统中应用研究——一XML为框架的数据融合和数据表现:[学位论文].北京大学,2002
[19] 周文生.基于SVG的Web GIS研究.中国图像图形学报,2002,7(7):693~698
[20] David Duce,Ivan Herman and Bob Hopgood. Web 2D Graphics File Formats. Oxford Brookes University,School of Computing &Mathematical Science,Wheatley Campus,Oxford Oxford OX33 1HX, uk、World Wide Web Consortium(W3C),C/O W3C Dutch Office at CWI,Kruislaan 413,1098 SJ Amsterdam,The Netherlands. http://homepages. cwi.nl/~ivan/AbuoutMe/Publications/SVGOverview.pdf
[21] 毋河海 龚健雅. 地理信息系统（GIS）空间数据结构与处理技术.测绘出版社,1997. 1~12
[22] 陈述彭 鲁学军 周成虎.地理信息系统导论.科学出版社,2000.29~55
[23] 葛庭婷.地理信息系统软件设计的研究与应用:[学位论文].大连理工大学,2002
[24] 李津平.基于Internet的地图符号化研究:[学位论文].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002
[25] 飞思科技产品研发中心. Java 2应用开发指南.人民邮电出版社,2002.3~7
[26] 吴志方. 基于DOM的SVG编辑器.[学位论文].华中科技大学,2002
[27] John hunt. From Java to SVG. http://www.appdevadvisor.co.uk/Downloads/ada6_2/ Hunt6_2.pdf
[28] Batik 1.5 http://xml.apache.org/batik
[29] Jeremias M?rki. Use case: Generating an SVG DOM Document. http://krysalis.org/ barcode/svg-dom.pdf
[30] Thomas DeWeese,Vincent Hardy. Introduction to Batik Project. Eastman Kodak Company, Sun Microsystems Inc. ApacheCon 2001, Santa Clara. http://koala.ilog.fr/ ftp/batik/apacheCon.pdf
[31] 徐雅静. Jbuilder6入门与提高.人民邮电出版社,2003,1~3