历时与共时视阈下的译者风格研究
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摘要
本论文以历时和共时译本研究为主要研究框架,调查了在语料库翻译学视阈下的中文典籍《聊斋志异》的几个主要英文选译本的译者风格。其中,历时译本研究将不同历史时期的译者在其译本中体现的个性特征与译者所处历史语境进行关联,以揭示特定历史时期这个主要变量对译者风格形成所施加的规范和制约。共时译本研究重点考察对象是同一时代不同文化背景的译者是否因其不同的文化身份和文化传播策略而在翻译的各个阶段形成某些个性化、规律化的处理方式。
     在研究方法上,历时和共时译本研究得益于语料库翻译学所提供的基本研究模式和技术分析手段,在自建《聊斋志异》单语原文语料库和翻译语料库的基础上,通过各研究层面的语内类比和语际对比,并具体采用了描写法、实证法和调查问卷法等多种方法,本文试图全方位、多角度地考察《聊斋志异》英译本的译者风格并分析译者风格、译本接受和文化传播三者间的互动关系。
     在此基础上,研究取得了如下三方面的结论,也即本研究的独特贡献:
     首先,本论文探索了基于语料库翻译学的译本历时和共时研究方法。语料库翻译学研究模式的产生和发展给我们提供了全新的研究范式、科学的研究手段和合理的分析模式,利用语料库调查同一原文文本不同历史时期的译本风格和译者风格以及利用语料库调查同一文学文本在特定时期的不同译本的风格和译者风格是语料库翻译学研究范式能够提供的典型研究方法。本研究中基于语料库的《聊斋志异》译本历时和共时研究以自建小型语料库为数据来源,科学地获取和分析了译者风格在译本各层面的表现,有效弥补了传统内省式、点评式为主的定性分析的不足,为科学探讨文学翻译文本中的译者风格提供了新的视角和可供借鉴的案例分析路径。
     第二,本研究取得的另一项重大成果是基于《聊斋志异》英译本的译者风格综合研究模式的构建。在汉译英译者风格研究领域,针对目前研究成果和研究人员都比较匮乏的汉籍英译《聊斋志异》英译,笔者尝试建构了此译者风格综合评价模式并论证了其研究可行性。该研究模式主要涵盖了对所选译本语言层面包括翻译正文本和翻译准文本的研究,其中,对翻译正文本各个层面的研究将主要依托语料库的技术和分析手段,而对翻译准文本的研究则会采取译本取向型的客观描述方法,揭示译者在翻译准文本层面所采取的策略和使用的手段;在非语言层面的译者风格研究中,该模式主要探索译者选择翻译的文学文本是否也体现出该译者区别于其他译者的特点以及译者在翻译过程中是否有贯穿前后的翻译策略、这种策略是否和当时的时代背景、社会文化、目标读者群体等因素紧密相关?从研究重点来看,在此模式下,语言层面以T型译者风格研究为重点、同时关注S型译者风格的研究内容,非语言层面则主要以T型译者风格为研究侧重点。
     第三,本研究获得了读者接受、文化传播和译者风格三者互动关系的有效启发。研究在基于语料库的历时和共时译本研究、建构译者风格综合评价模式后,就《聊斋志异》三个英译本中某些值得关注的译者风格特点设计了针对焦点受访对象的调查问卷,获得了有关读者接受和读者期待视野的信息,并以此为切入点探讨了译者风格和文化传播策略的关系。调查结果表明,读者对这些特定的译者风格标记都显示了明确的态度,这一发现启示了译者在汉籍英译过程中可以考虑加入更多读者喜闻乐见的风格标记而尽量避免读者不太认同的风格标记。总的来说,调查显示了中国文学典籍英译在海外年轻读者群体中的潜在生命力,这也是本研究关注译者风格和译作推广之间互动关系的基础。
With a diachronic study and a synchronic study as the major framework, this paper looksinto the translator’s style of three English translations of the Chinese literary classicLiaozhaizhiyi in the context of corpus translation studies (CTS). The diachronic study oftranslations digs into the translator’s style of two major Liaozhai versions belonging todiffering historic periods spanning almost one hundred, aiming at finding the causalconnection between the key variant of history and the formulation of the translator’s style;while the synchronic study of translations focuses on testing whether the translators of thesame times show their characteristic styles in translations largely because of their differingcultural identity and strategies of cultural exchanges.
     Both the diachronic study and the synchronic study are indebted to the basic researchmode and key analytical tools provided by CTS. Also, both the two studies draw on the dataprovided by the self-constructed monolingual corpus of Liaozhaizhiyi and therefore enablethe writer of the present paper to analyze the interaction between the translator’s style,acceptance of translations and cultural exchanges by adopting various methods such asobjective description, case study and questionnaire, etc.
     On such bases, the present paper succeeds in arriving at the following three findings,hence making its unique contributions to the translation studies on the whole:
     First, a methodology of conducting a diachronic and synchronic study of translations onthe basis of CTS comes into being. CTS promises a paradigm shift in the research mode andanalytical tools, whose typical applications include explorations into diachronic versions andsynchronic versions of the same original in order to find the unique translation’s style andtranslator’s style. The present study takes advantage of the self-constructed small corpus ofLiaozhaizhiyi and analyzes the translator’s style in different layers of the translations, whichmakes up for the possible flaws of the traditional qualitative research modes featuringintrospection or comment and points out a new direction for analyzing the translator’s style inliterary translations.
     Second, this paper has constructed a comprehensive research mode of the translator’sstyle based on the English translations of Liaozhaizhiyi. This attempt is made out of thecurrent shortage of both individual researchers and fruitful research outcomes of the Englishtranslations of Liaozhaizhiyi, and it finally reaches a research mode covering both thelinguistic and extra-linguistic layers of the translations, with the former further broken up toinvestigations into the main translated texts and paratexts and the latter focusing ontranslator’s preferences of selections and translator’s persistent translation strategies whichmay bear correlations with the socio-historical elements and the targeted readership. As far asthe research emphasis is concerned, the investigation on the linguistic layer of the translator’sstyle stresses the target-text-oriented translator’s style with due concerns on thesource-text-oriented translator’s style, while the extra-linguistic layer of the translator’s stylesingularly looks into the target-text-oriented translator’s style.
     At last, the paper has shed light on the correlations between reader’s acceptance, culturalexchange and translator’s style. Following up the first two research focuses, the author of thepresent paper designs a questionnaire for focus groups, aiming to get their responses aboutcertain noticeable stylistic features of the translator’s and survey their acceptance and effectamong the focus groups of readership. As it turns out, the subjects show their explicitattitudes toward almost all the stylistic features demonstrated in the questionnaire. Thequestionnaire result suggests that some favorable stylistic features should be added to theEnglish translations of Chinese classics if China intends to popularize its literary classics andits culture among the overseas readership, especially the young readership.
引文
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