业务与IT融合及融合度分析
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摘要
21世纪是信息经济和知识经济的时代,市场竞争已经转变为速度的竞争、信息的竞争和知识的竞争,而且竞争的范围也由地区扩展到了全球。世界经济正向信息化方向发展,信息技术(Information Technology, IT)及其产业已成为世界经济新的增长点。如今越来越多的企业发现IT已经逐渐成为所有业务活动的一部分。然而,绝大多数企业都面临这样一个困扰：目前业务与IT的结合程度与他们的期望相距甚远。如何在激烈竞争和快速变化的环境下有效促进业务与IT的融合,从而获取持续的竞争优势是困扰企业管理者的一个问题。本文将企业业务与IT融合作为研究对象,研究其内涵、指标体系以及概念模型,并对业务与IT融合与企业竞争优势之间的关系进行实证研究,进一步提出IT融合度的等级分析。这将有助于指导企业实现业务与IT融合,有效地促进企业竞争优势的获取和维持。
本文首先基于国内外关于IT应用发展、业务与IT融合及IT竞争优势的已有文献,提出并完善了业务与IT融合的理论模型,认为业务与IT融合的理性维度和社会维度共同影响企业的竞争优势。其次,通过问卷调查、量表设计、数据收集、数据分析(结构方程模型)等过程,对于理论模型进行了实证研究,证实了理论模型的合理性及业务与IT融合对企业竞争优势的作用。再次,提出IT融合度的评估过程和方法,IT融合度的等级及业务与IT融合的演化。
本文主要取得以下研究成果：(1)业务与IT融合的模型及评价指标的修正,完善了涵盖理性维度和社会维度两个方面的业务与IT融合模型,全面展现业务与IT融合的内容与运行机制,更适合中国企业信息化实践。(2)通过实证研究验证了业务与IT融合的概念测量、内部关系,及其对企业竞争优势的正向影响关系,整个过程更加科学、规范。(3)提出IT融合度的评估过程和方法,并进一步得出IT融合度的等级及业务与IT融合的演化,这有助于指导企业的信息化实践。
The 21st century is the era of information economy and knowledge-based economy. Market competition has been changed to the competition of speed, information and knowledge, while the scope of competition also has extended from region to the whole world. The world economy is in the increasingly information-oriented development, information technology (IT) and its industry has become the world's new economic growth point. Today, more and more companies are finding that IT has gradually become part of operational activities. However, the overwhelming majority of enterprises are faced with such trouble:At present, the combination degree of business and IT is far from their expectations. Under the intense competition and rapidly changing environment, how to effectively promote business and IT alignment in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage is a problem for business managers. The paper is about to set enterprise business and IT alignment as the object of study, to discuss the construct and conceptual model of business and IT alignment, and its impact on competitive advantages in enterprise through the empirical study, and to analyze the level of IT alignment degree. The results give suggestions about how to realize business and IT alignment, which will promote acquirement and maintenance of competitive advantages.
Firstly, based on the literature IT alignment and competitive advantages in China and abroad, the paper built and advanced conceptual model of business and IT alignment which describe how rational and social dimension of IT alignment influence competitive advantages in enterprise. Then, through questionnaire survey, scale design, data collection and analysis (structural equation model), empirical study of the theoretical model was made to verify the rationality of the model and the relationship between alignment and competitive advantage. Finally, this paper came up with business and IT alignment assessment, IT alignment degree and alignment evolution.
The study results of this paper are mainly as following:(1) built and advanced conceptual model of business and IT alignment which describe how rational and social dimension of IT alignment influence competitive advantages in enterprise, reflecting the contents and operation mechanism of alignment completely; (2) made empirical study of the theoretical model to verify the rationality of the model and the relationship between alignment and competitive advantage; (3) came up with business and IT alignment assessment, IT alignment degree and alignment evolution and made construction to enterprises'informationization.
本文首先基于国内外关于IT应用发展、业务与IT融合及IT竞争优势的已有文献,提出并完善了业务与IT融合的理论模型,认为业务与IT融合的理性维度和社会维度共同影响企业的竞争优势。其次,通过问卷调查、量表设计、数据收集、数据分析(结构方程模型)等过程,对于理论模型进行了实证研究,证实了理论模型的合理性及业务与IT融合对企业竞争优势的作用。再次,提出IT融合度的评估过程和方法,IT融合度的等级及业务与IT融合的演化。
本文主要取得以下研究成果：(1)业务与IT融合的模型及评价指标的修正,完善了涵盖理性维度和社会维度两个方面的业务与IT融合模型,全面展现业务与IT融合的内容与运行机制,更适合中国企业信息化实践。(2)通过实证研究验证了业务与IT融合的概念测量、内部关系,及其对企业竞争优势的正向影响关系,整个过程更加科学、规范。(3)提出IT融合度的评估过程和方法,并进一步得出IT融合度的等级及业务与IT融合的演化,这有助于指导企业的信息化实践。
The 21st century is the era of information economy and knowledge-based economy. Market competition has been changed to the competition of speed, information and knowledge, while the scope of competition also has extended from region to the whole world. The world economy is in the increasingly information-oriented development, information technology (IT) and its industry has become the world's new economic growth point. Today, more and more companies are finding that IT has gradually become part of operational activities. However, the overwhelming majority of enterprises are faced with such trouble:At present, the combination degree of business and IT is far from their expectations. Under the intense competition and rapidly changing environment, how to effectively promote business and IT alignment in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage is a problem for business managers. The paper is about to set enterprise business and IT alignment as the object of study, to discuss the construct and conceptual model of business and IT alignment, and its impact on competitive advantages in enterprise through the empirical study, and to analyze the level of IT alignment degree. The results give suggestions about how to realize business and IT alignment, which will promote acquirement and maintenance of competitive advantages.
Firstly, based on the literature IT alignment and competitive advantages in China and abroad, the paper built and advanced conceptual model of business and IT alignment which describe how rational and social dimension of IT alignment influence competitive advantages in enterprise. Then, through questionnaire survey, scale design, data collection and analysis (structural equation model), empirical study of the theoretical model was made to verify the rationality of the model and the relationship between alignment and competitive advantage. Finally, this paper came up with business and IT alignment assessment, IT alignment degree and alignment evolution.
The study results of this paper are mainly as following:(1) built and advanced conceptual model of business and IT alignment which describe how rational and social dimension of IT alignment influence competitive advantages in enterprise, reflecting the contents and operation mechanism of alignment completely; (2) made empirical study of the theoretical model to verify the rationality of the model and the relationship between alignment and competitive advantage; (3) came up with business and IT alignment assessment, IT alignment degree and alignment evolution and made construction to enterprises'informationization.
引文
①IBM全球业务服务部.CIO创新启示系列之：通过业务和IT的融合引发创新.CIO系列白皮书,2006.www-935.ibm.com/services/cn/cio/flexible/enflex_wp_gts_igniting.pdf.
①Richard L. Nolan. Managing the Crisis in Data Processing [J]. Harvard Business Review,1979, (March-April), 115-126.
②C. Edwards,忻展红.Information System[M],中信出版社.1997.
③王听,尹福臣.企业信息化的方式与阶段[J].经济研究参考,2000.9.
④王兴元,程涛.企业信息化递进发展模型及其水平指数[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(4).
③B. H. Boar. Practical steps for Aligning Information Technology with Business Strategies:How to Achieve a Competitive Advantage [J]. New York:John Wiley&Sons.14-50.
④Luftman J. Assessing Business-IT Alignment Maturity [J]. Communications of AIS,2000(12).
⑤陈国青,蒋镇辉.中国企业信息化的阶跃式发展过程[J].计算机统计应用.1999(9).
⑥邱长波,张佳,施梦.企业信息化成熟度阶段分类模型[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007.37(4).
① Mische Michael A. Reengineering:System Integration Success [J]. John Wyzalek.1999.
②滕颖.唐小我.传统企业信息化发展阶段演化分析[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版).2001(3).
③刘英姿,吴昊,林伟.企业信息化阶段的发展模式及阶段特征分析[J].科技管理研究.2004(2).
④王印红,谭章禄.信息技术时代企业信息化阶段模型研究[J].管理现代化,2007(3).
②Nagy Hanna. The Diffusion to Information Technology:Experience of Industrial Countries and Lessons for Developing Countries [J]. World Bank Discussion Papers.1995,281.
⑤曹明.企业信息技术能力相关研究[ID].北京邮电大学博士学位论文.2007.
①Horovitz J. New Perspectives on Strategic Management [J]. Journal of Business Strategy,1984,19.
②Reich B H, Benbasat I. Measuring the Linkage between Business and Information Technology Objectives [J]. MIS Quarterly,1996,20(1).
③Nelson K M. Cooprider J G "The Contribution of Shared Knowledge to IT Group Performance"[J]. MIS Quarterly,1996.20(4).
④Luftman J. Enablers and Inhibitors. Information Week,1998. http://informationweek.com/700/luftman.htm.
①Henderson J C, Venkatraman N. Strategic alignment:Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal,1999,38.
①Subramani M R, Henderson J C, Cooprider J. "Linking IS-User Partnerships to IS Performance:A Socio-Cognitive Perspective", MISRC Working Paper WP99-01, University of Minnesota,1999.
①Reich B H, Benbasat I. Factors That Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives. MIS Quarterly,2000.24(1).
②王谦.ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台融合理论及能力评测研究[D].天津：天津大学.2004.
③陈蔚珠.陈禹.业务-IT战略融合成熟度模型的框架与内容[J].商业研究,2006(22).
④石代伦,潘九朱.发挥TT的商业价值——一个业务与技术融合的观点[J].软科学.2006(5).
①IBM中国商业价值研究院.IBM中国商业价值报告：战略与管理[M].北京：东方出版社.2007.
②李丹.企业信息技术与管理融合的度量与模型分析[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007.
③吕亮.业务与IT融合及其对竞争优势的作用[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
①Brynjolfsson E. The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology [J].Communications of ACM,1993. 36(12):66-77.
②Clemons, E.K.. and Row, M.C. Sustaining IT advantage:The role of structural differences [J]. MIS Quarterly. 1991,15 (3),275-294.
③Kettinger, W.; Grover, V.; Guha, S.:and Segars. A. Strategic information systems revisited:A study in the sustainability and performance [J]. MIS Quarterly,1994.18 (1),31-58.
④Mata, F.J, Barney, J. B. Information Technology and Sustained Competitive Advantage:A Resource-Based Analysis [J]. MIS Quarterly,1995.19(4):487-505.
⑤Henderson J C, Venkatraman N. Strategic alignment:Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal.1999,38.
⑥Carr. N. G. "IT doesn't matter" [J]. Harvard Business Review.2003.81 (5),41-49.
⑦Ganesh D. Bhatt, Varun Grover. Types of Information Technologv Capabilities and Their Role in Comnetitive Advantage:An Empirical Study [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems.2005.22 (2).253-277.
①吕亮.业务与IT融合及其对竞争优势的作用[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
①吕亮.业务与IT融合及其对竞争优势的作用[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
① Henderson J C, Venkatraman N. Strategic alignment:Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal.1999.38.
① Henderson J C, Venkatraman N. Strategic alignment:Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal,1999.38.
② Reich B H, Benbasat I. Factors That Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives. MIS Quarterly,2000,24(1).
①波特著,陈小悦译.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社.1997.
②顾晶.基于店铺环境的零售企业竞争优势研究——以大连市百货商场为例[ID].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2008.
③易丹辉.结构方程模型方法与应用[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008.
④邱皓政.林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2009.
①邱皓政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2009.
①Kenneth C. Laudon. Jane P. Laudon.周宣光译.管理信息系统：管理数字化公司[M].清华大学出版社,2005.19.
①IBM中国商业价值研究院.IBM中国商业价值报告：战略与管理[M].北京：东方出版社,2007.49.
①IBM中国商业价值研究院.IBM中国商业价值报告：战略与管理[M].北京：东方出版社,2007,49.
①陈国青,郭迅华.信息系统管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2005.30-32.
①IBM中国商业价值研究院.IBM中国商业价值报告：战略与管理[M].北京：东方出版社,2007.161.
①石代伦,潘九朱.发挥IT的商业价值——一个业务与技术融合的观点[J].软科学.2006(5),9-15.
①石代伦,潘九朱.发挥IT的商业价值——一个业务与技术融合的观点[J].软科学,2006(5),9-15.
①陈国青,郭迅华.信息系统管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005,196.
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[2]Horovitz J. New Perspectives on Strategic Management [J]. Journal of Business Strategy, Winter 1984,19-33.
[3]Reich B H, Benbasat I. Measuring the Linkage between Business and Information Technology Objectives [J]. MIS Quarterly,1996,20 (1),55-81.
[4]Nelson K M, Cooprider J G "The Contribution of Shared Knowledge to IT Group Performance"[J]. MIS Quarterly,1996,20 (4),409-432.
[5]Luftman J. Enablers and Inhibitors. Information Week,1998. http://info rmationweek.com/700/luftman.htm.
[6]Henderson J C, Venkatraman N. Strategic alignment:Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal,1999,38, 472-484.
[7]Subramani M R, Henderson J C, Cooprider J. "Linking IS-User Partnerships to IS Performance:A Socio-Cognitive Perspective", MISRC Working Paper WP99-01, University of Minnesota,1999.
[8]Reich B H, Benbasat I. Factors That Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives. MIS Quarterly, 2000,24(1),81-113.
[9]王谦.ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台融合理论及能力评测研究[D].天津：天津大学,2004.
[10]陈蔚珠,陈禹.业务-IT战略融合成熟度模型的框架与内容[J].商业研究,2006(22),37-40.
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[12]IBM中国商业价值研究院.IBM中国商业价值报告：战略与管理[M].北京：东方出版社,2007.
[13]李丹.企业信息技术与管理融合的度量与模型分析[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[14]吕亮.业务与IT融合及其对竞争优势的作用[ID].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[15]Brynjolfsson E. The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology [J].Communications of ACM,1993,36(12):66-77.
[16]Clemons, E.K., and Row, M.C. Sustaining IT advantage:The role of structural differences [J]. MIS Quarterly,1991,15 (3),275-294.
[17]Kettinger, W.; Grover, V.; Guha, S.; and Segars. A. Strategic information systems revisited:A study in the sustainability and performance [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1994,18(1),31-58.
[18]Mata, F.J, Barney, J, B. Information Technology and Sustained Competitive Advantage:A Resource-Based Analysis [J]. MIS Quarterly,1995,19(4):487-505.
[19]Carr, N. G. "IT doesn't matter" [J]. Harvard Business Review,2003,81 (5), 41-49.
[20]Ganesh D. Bhatt, Varun Grover. Types of Information Technology Capabilities and Their Role in Competitive Advantage:An Empirical Study [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems,2005,22 (2),253-277.
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[22]C. Edwards,忻展红.Information System[M],中信出版社,1997.
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[24]王兴元,程涛.企业信息化递进发展模型及其水平指数[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(4),337-341.
[25]B. H. Boar. Practical steps for Aligning Information Technology with Business Strategies:How to Achieve a Competitive Advantage [M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons,1994,14-50.
[26]Luftman J. Assessing Business-IT Alignment Maturity [J]. Communications of AIS,2000(4),14.
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[28]邱长波,张佳,施梦.企业信息化成熟度阶段分类模型[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(4)976-980.
[29]Mische Michael A. Reengineering:System Integration Success [J]. John Wyzalek,1999.
[30]滕颖,唐小我.传统企业信息化发展阶段演化分析[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版),2001(3)34-37.
[31]刘英姿,吴昊,林伟.企业信息化阶段的发展模式及阶段特征分析[J].科技管理研究,2004(2),101-103.
[32]王印红,谭章禄.信息技术时代企业信息化阶段模型研究[J].管理现代化,2007(3),32-34.
[33]Nagy Hanna. The Diffusion to Information Technology:Experience of Industrial Countries and Lessons for Developing Countries [J]. World Bank Discussion Papers,1995,281.
[34]曹明.企业信息技术能力相关研究[ID].北京邮电大学博士学位论文,2007.
[35]吴晓波,胡保亮,蔡荃.运用信息技术能力获取竞争优势的框架与路径研究[J].科研管理,2006,27(5),53-58.
[36]波特著,陈小悦译.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.
[37]黄劲松,赵平,王高.基于顾客价值的企业竞争优势定量研究[C].2004年GMS中国营销科学学术会议论文集.
[38]George S. Day, Robin Wensley. Assessing Advantage:A Framework for Diagnosing Competitive Superiority [J]. Journal of Marketing,1988,52.
[39]顾晶.基于店铺环境的零售企业竞争优势研究——以大连市百货商场为例[ID].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[40]易丹辉.结构方程模型方法与应用[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[41]邱皓政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[42]肖静华,谢康.企业IT应用水平评价模型与等级分析[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2007,47(5),110-116.
[43]陈国青,郭迅华.信息系统管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[44]李清,陈禹六.企业信息化总体设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[45]马庆国.管理统计：数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究[M].第一版.北京：科学出版社,2002.
[46]陈国青,马费成.中国信息系统研究：新兴技术背景下的机遇与挑战[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2009.
[47]Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon著,周宣光译.管理信息系统：管理数字化公司[M].清华大学出版社,2005.
①Richard L. Nolan. Managing the Crisis in Data Processing [J]. Harvard Business Review,1979, (March-April), 115-126.
②C. Edwards,忻展红.Information System[M],中信出版社.1997.
③王听,尹福臣.企业信息化的方式与阶段[J].经济研究参考,2000.9.
④王兴元,程涛.企业信息化递进发展模型及其水平指数[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(4).
③B. H. Boar. Practical steps for Aligning Information Technology with Business Strategies:How to Achieve a Competitive Advantage [J]. New York:John Wiley&Sons.14-50.
④Luftman J. Assessing Business-IT Alignment Maturity [J]. Communications of AIS,2000(12).
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