星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）天线监测控制单元的设计与实现
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摘要
本文结合我国正在研制的首颗高分辨率星载L波2段合成孔径雷达（SAR，Synthetic Aperture Radar），针对SAR天线波束指向的监测和控制，首先阐述了SAR基本原理、相控阵列天线原理、T/R（Transmit/Receive）组件移相器和电调衰减器的工作原理，然后给出了天线监测控制单元的高可靠性设计实现方法，接着讲述了监控计算机硬件和软件设计，最后对两个关键电路进行了仿真分析。
在星载SAR天线监控单元的设计中，充分体现了航天产品的高可靠性要求。采用的双机冷备份冗余技术、长线采用差分驱动、半导体器件选用抗辐射加固产品、软件的容错设计、可靠性分配与计算、电磁兼容性设计等设计方案都有效地提高了整个系统的可靠性。
星载SAR是多种电子设备所构成的一个整体，每个单元和模块的功能都应相对单一，应尽量减少各模块间的互连线，减轻重量，减小体积，降低功耗；在进行系统功能设计的同时进行可靠性预测、计算和分配，避免薄弱环节；进行电磁兼容性设计使系统能够在两年时间内可靠地运行。
With the first high resolution spaceborne SAR( Synthetic Aperture Radar) being explored in China，this paper focuses on the monitoring and controlling of SAR antenna's beam-steering．First，the paper expounds the working principle of a SAR、a phased array antenna and phase shifters of T/R modules．Then，it presents the method of designing and accomplishment of Antenna Monitor and Control Unit(AMCU) with high reliability．Next，the designing of hardware and softwareused in Monitor and Control Computer(MCC) are being discussed．Last，the paper presents the simulating and analyzing of two key circuits .
High reliability is deadly request in the designing of products used in space environment．When we design AMCU of spaceborne SAR，we employ certain techniques to provide increased reliability and stability．Such as inactive double redundant reserve technique，differential line driver been used in long line transmission，radiation hardened semiconductors been selected，the software used in Monitor and Control Computer (MCU) have a capacity of false toleration，distributing and calculating of reliability，and design of electromagnetism compatibility．
Spaceborne SAR is a integer system of many electronic equipment．The function of units and modules should been simplified．The cable between modules should be the least．The weight should be the lightest．The cubage should be the smallest．And the power dissipation should be the lowest．In order to avoid weakness points，we should forecast，calculate，and distribute the reliability at the same time when designing functions of the system．To design the system with thinking of electromagnetism compatibility. All these should be done to ensure the system running reliably within two years．
在星载SAR天线监控单元的设计中，充分体现了航天产品的高可靠性要求。采用的双机冷备份冗余技术、长线采用差分驱动、半导体器件选用抗辐射加固产品、软件的容错设计、可靠性分配与计算、电磁兼容性设计等设计方案都有效地提高了整个系统的可靠性。
星载SAR是多种电子设备所构成的一个整体，每个单元和模块的功能都应相对单一，应尽量减少各模块间的互连线，减轻重量，减小体积，降低功耗；在进行系统功能设计的同时进行可靠性预测、计算和分配，避免薄弱环节；进行电磁兼容性设计使系统能够在两年时间内可靠地运行。
With the first high resolution spaceborne SAR( Synthetic Aperture Radar) being explored in China，this paper focuses on the monitoring and controlling of SAR antenna's beam-steering．First，the paper expounds the working principle of a SAR、a phased array antenna and phase shifters of T/R modules．Then，it presents the method of designing and accomplishment of Antenna Monitor and Control Unit(AMCU) with high reliability．Next，the designing of hardware and software
High reliability is deadly request in the designing of products used in space environment．When we design AMCU of spaceborne SAR，we employ certain techniques to provide increased reliability and stability．Such as inactive double redundant reserve technique，differential line driver been used in long line transmission，radiation hardened semiconductors been selected，the software used in Monitor and Control Computer (MCU) have a capacity of false toleration，distributing and calculating of reliability，and design of electromagnetism compatibility．
Spaceborne SAR is a integer system of many electronic equipment．The function of units and modules should been simplified．The cable between modules should be the least．The weight should be the lightest．The cubage should be the smallest．And the power dissipation should be the lowest．In order to avoid weakness points，we should forecast，calculate，and distribute the reliability at the same time when designing functions of the system．To design the system with thinking of electromagnetism compatibility. All these should be done to ensure the system running reliably within two years．
引文
1． 张澄波，“综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用”，北京，科学出版社，1989。
2． 陈宗骘，“微波遥感学术会议论文集”("Proceeding of the Symposium on Microwave Remote Sensing")，中国电子学会 遥感、遥控、遥测学会 遥感学组 编辑出版，北京，1988。
3． 黄岩，“高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达成象处理技术研究”，北京，1999，博士学位论文，周阴清教授指导。
4． J.B.L.Rao，G.V.Trunk and D.P.Patel，Naval Research Laboratory，"Two Low-Cost Phased Arrays"，IEEE AES System Magazine，June 1997，pp.39-44.
5． T.S.Yeo，C.B.Zhang，Y.H.Lu and T.Ren，National University of Singapore，"Development of a SAR Digital System"，IEEE AES System Magazine，May 1997，pp.37-41.
6． A.K.Agrawal，E.L.Holzman，"Beamformer Architectures for Active Phased-Array Radar Antennas"，IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag，USA，March 1999.
7． J.Jones，J.Hayes，"A Comparison of Electronic-Reliability Prediction Models"，IEEE Transactions on Reliability，June 1999.
8． D.Wu，C.Ruan，"Transient Radiation of Traveling-Wave Wire Antennas"，IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility"，May 1999.
9． Barry B.Brey，"The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088，80186/80188，80286，80386，80486，Pentium，and Pentium Pro Processor Architecture Programming and Interfacing，Fourth Edition，Published by Prentice Hall，1997.
10． "Radiation Hardened Product Databook"，Space Products Operation，HARRIS SEMICONDUCTOR，1993.
11． "Derating criteria for electrical,electronic and electromechanical parts"，“中华人民共和国国家军用标准元器件可靠性降额准则”，GJB/Z 35—93。
12． 蔡希尧，“雷达系统概论”，科学出版社，1983。
13． 庄奕琪，“微电子器件应用可靠性技术”， 北京，电子工业出版社， 1996。
14． “星载SAR雷达分系统中央电子设备电磁兼容性设计规范”，1999。
15． “电磁兼容性原理与应用”，湖北省电磁兼容性学会编，国防工业出版社，北京，1996。
16．朱明让，“三F”技术培训教材，中国航天工业总公司，1995。
17． “元器件降额准则”，中华人民共和国国家军用标准GJB/Z35-93。
18． 杨孝宗，“第六届全国容错计算学术会议论文集”，黑龙江教育出版社。
19． 陆延孝，郑鹏洲，“可靠性设计与分析”， 国防工业出版社，北京，1995。
20． 林彬，“Ada基础教程”，解放军出版社，北京，1996。
2． 陈宗骘，“微波遥感学术会议论文集”("Proceeding of the Symposium on Microwave Remote Sensing")，中国电子学会 遥感、遥控、遥测学会 遥感学组 编辑出版，北京，1988。
3． 黄岩，“高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达成象处理技术研究”，北京，1999，博士学位论文，周阴清教授指导。
4． J.B.L.Rao，G.V.Trunk and D.P.Patel，Naval Research Laboratory，"Two Low-Cost Phased Arrays"，IEEE AES System Magazine，June 1997，pp.39-44.
5． T.S.Yeo，C.B.Zhang，Y.H.Lu and T.Ren，National University of Singapore，"Development of a SAR Digital System"，IEEE AES System Magazine，May 1997，pp.37-41.
6． A.K.Agrawal，E.L.Holzman，"Beamformer Architectures for Active Phased-Array Radar Antennas"，IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag，USA，March 1999.
7． J.Jones，J.Hayes，"A Comparison of Electronic-Reliability Prediction Models"，IEEE Transactions on Reliability，June 1999.
8． D.Wu，C.Ruan，"Transient Radiation of Traveling-Wave Wire Antennas"，IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility"，May 1999.
9． Barry B.Brey，"The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088，80186/80188，80286，80386，80486，Pentium，and Pentium Pro Processor Architecture Programming and Interfacing，Fourth Edition，Published by Prentice Hall，1997.
10． "Radiation Hardened Product Databook"，Space Products Operation，HARRIS SEMICONDUCTOR，1993.
11． "Derating criteria for electrical,electronic and electromechanical parts"，“中华人民共和国国家军用标准元器件可靠性降额准则”，GJB/Z 35—93。
12． 蔡希尧，“雷达系统概论”，科学出版社，1983。
13． 庄奕琪，“微电子器件应用可靠性技术”， 北京，电子工业出版社， 1996。
14． “星载SAR雷达分系统中央电子设备电磁兼容性设计规范”，1999。
15． “电磁兼容性原理与应用”，湖北省电磁兼容性学会编，国防工业出版社，北京，1996。
16．
17． “元器件降额准则”，中华人民共和国国家军用标准GJB/Z35-93。
18． 杨孝宗，“第六届全国容错计算学术会议论文集”，黑龙江教育出版社。
19． 陆延孝，郑鹏洲，“可靠性设计与分析”， 国防工业出版社，北京，1995。
20． 林彬，“Ada基础教程”，解放军出版社，北京，1996。