基于嵌入式Linux系统的SNMP代理开发研究
摘要
随着网络技术的发展，网络设备往往由许多相对独立的可管理模块组成，并要求实现灵活扩展，以满足特定的应用。由于这些可管理模块可能包含其相应的标准或私有的MIB，故对于网络管理，尤其是对代理的可扩展性提出了更高的要求。然而作为网络管理协议业界标准的SNMP却没有能够提供能将众多模块纳入统一的agent管理之下的解决方案。当前工业上事实的网络管理标准是SNMP(Simple Network ManagementPortocol)，它共有SNMP(v1／2c／3)三个版本，设备配备最多的还是v1和v2c版本的代理程序。由于HFC接入网还没有定义标准的节点，因此，要用SNMP对如光端机、光放大器等设备进行管理，必须要扩展原有的MIB。由于不同设备的操作系统有很大的区别，这就要求代理程序能够很方便进行移植，不应带有专有系统的痕迹。目前商业上的一些SNMP代理的开发工具，如VxWorks操作系统附带有较好的MIB编译工具，用户只需要通过接口函数来维护MIB库，完成私有MIB变量的代理的实现。它的整体设计思想很好，模块化程度比较高，便于用户的二次开发，但是它的价格昂贵。Agent++是以snmp++为基础，以C++语言来实现。Agent++并没有提供MIB文件的编译工具程序，需用户把MIB文件邮寄给他们，他们编译好后再寄回来，限制了开发的灵活性。基于目前的状况，笔者对SNMP代理进行了一定的分析，以ucd-snmp软件包为蓝本实现了一个光端机的基于SNMP v2c的代理，实现了基本的SNMP管理功能，并成功移植到运行于Samsung S3C4510B上的uClinux嵌入式系统。
With the development of network technology, network device usually is composed of many independent and controllable modules. In order to satisfy specific application, network device should be flexible extended. To network management, higher request is brought forward to extensibility of network device, especially to agent, because these controllable modules may contain their corresponding standard or privately owned MIB. However, as the industry standard of network management protocol, SNMP don't offer a solution of unified agent management including numerous. Now SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is the industry standard of the network managements in practice. It has three versions: vl, v2c and v3, most equipment is fitted with vl and v2c version agent. There has no standard node for HFC access network, then we must extend the current MIB tree if we want to manage devices by SNMP, such as optic transmitter-receiver, EDFA and so on. As the great difference between operation systems of diffe
rent devices, agent program should able to be transplanted very conveniently and should not have exclusive systematic mark. At present, there are several commercial develop kits for developing SNMP agent. For example, Vx Works OS has good MIB compiler, if user want to maintain MIB library and realize privately owned MIB agent, just only invoking interface functions. Its whole design philosophy is very good and the modularization degree is also relatively high. It's convenient for user carrying secondary development to user, but the price is very high. Agent ++ is based on snmp ++, realized with C++. Agent++has not been offered compiler for MIB files. User must post MIB files to them, then they compile and send back well. Such mode restricted the flexibility of development. On the basis of the present state, the author analyzed SNMP agent. With ucd-snmp software package as original version, he realized an optic transmitter-receiver agent, which is based on SNMP v2c. The agent has realized basic SNMP functions
of management. At last, I succeed in transplanting agent program to uClinux embedded system, which is running on Samsung S3C4510B.
With the development of network technology, network device usually is composed of many independent and controllable modules. In order to satisfy specific application, network device should be flexible extended. To network management, higher request is brought forward to extensibility of network device, especially to agent, because these controllable modules may contain their corresponding standard or privately owned MIB. However, as the industry standard of network management protocol, SNMP don't offer a solution of unified agent management including numerous. Now SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is the industry standard of the network managements in practice. It has three versions: vl, v2c and v3, most equipment is fitted with vl and v2c version agent. There has no standard node for HFC access network, then we must extend the current MIB tree if we want to manage devices by SNMP, such as optic transmitter-receiver, EDFA and so on. As the great difference between operation systems of diffe
rent devices, agent program should able to be transplanted very conveniently and should not have exclusive systematic mark. At present, there are several commercial develop kits for developing SNMP agent. For example, Vx Works OS has good MIB compiler, if user want to maintain MIB library and realize privately owned MIB agent, just only invoking interface functions. Its whole design philosophy is very good and the modularization degree is also relatively high. It's convenient for user carrying secondary development to user, but the price is very high. Agent ++ is based on snmp ++, realized with C++. Agent++has not been offered compiler for MIB files. User must post MIB files to them, then they compile and send back well. Such mode restricted the flexibility of development. On the basis of the present state, the author analyzed SNMP agent. With ucd-snmp software package as original version, he realized an optic transmitter-receiver agent, which is based on SNMP v2c. The agent has realized basic SNMP functions
of management. At last, I succeed in transplanting agent program to uClinux embedded system, which is running on Samsung S3C4510B.
引文
[1] 金蓉，石旭刚，王家诒，张江鑫．HFC宽带接入网网络管理体系．电视技术．2002年第7期
[2] 杨家海，任宪坤，王沛瑜．网络管理原理与实现技术．清华大学出版社．2002年9月第1版
[3] 刘燕，郭学理，肖岚，冯继明．简单网络管理协议SNMP的发展与研究．计算机工程与设计．2001 Vol．22 No．3
[4] 张忱，白雪峰，方乐，徐公权．SNMPv1与SNMPv2、SNMPv3的比较研究．计算机工程与应用．2000 Vol．36 No．4
[5] Aiko, Pras. Network Management Architectures. CTIT. 1995. No95-02
[6] IETF, RFCl157. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). May 1990
[7] IETF. RFC 1901. Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2. January 1996
[8] Lucn, Den. Network management for 90s[R]. Technology Report IBM Zurich Research Laboratory. 1997
[9] Shervin Erfani, Victor R. Laxvrence. Network management: emerging trends and challenges[J]. Hall labs Technical Journal. October-december, 1999,3-22
[10] Hein Mathais, David Griffiths. SNMP Version l&2 Simple Network Management Protocol Theory and Practice. London: International Thomson Computer Press, 1995
[11] Scan Harney. Total SNMP[M]. Prentice Hall International Inc. 1998
[12] 蔡皖东．SNMP网络管理中管理信息库结构与功能．小型微型计算机系统．1998 Vol．19 No．9
[13] 黄基前．快速理解利掌握MIB．光通信技术．2001 Vol．25 No．1
[14] IETF. RFC1112. Concise MIB Definitions. May 1990
[15] IETF. RFC 1213. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ. May 1991
[16] 邵旭，刘红，丁炜．SNMP Agent和嵌入式Web网管系统的研究与综合设计．北京邮电大学学报．2001 Vol．24 No．4
[17] 卢苇，黄锐，严斌宇．基于SNMP的网络管理系统的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2002第4期
[18] 刘红，白栋，孔令山，丁炜．嵌入式SNMP代理软件的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用．2001第21期
[19] 陆洲，侯美琨．SNMP网管代理开发．无线电通信技术．2001 Vol27 No．1
[20] 尼秀明，徐佩霞．SNMP扩展代理的快速实现及扩展技巧．计算机工程．2002 Vol．28 No．9
[21] 赵小蓉，吕斌，宋凯．基于SNMP网络管理协议的MIB库分析及存取实现．电脑开发与应用．2001 Vol．14 No．6
[22] M. Patrick, John Harvey. Data Over Cable System Quality of Ser-vice Management Information Base. (INTERNET- DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01.txt), Sun June25, 1999
[23] H. Abramson. Docsis. IGMP MIB. (INTERNET- DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-igmp-mib-00.txt), Wed Jul 26, 1999
[24] 凌琦．SNMP三大功能模块的研究和实现．计算机应用研究．2002 Vol．19 No．7
[25] 贺敏伟．基于MIB的网络状态监测方法．计算机应用．2003 Vol．23 No．5
[26] 袁梅宇，李海军．Windows环境下SNMP Trap的研究．计算机应用研究．2002 Vol．19 N012
[27] 张振国，林卫明．SNMP管理信息库的移动轮询．武汉理工大学学报．2002 Vol．26 No．3
[28] 蓝波，杨琴，潘渊颖．基于SNMP的MIB库访问分析及接口的实现．北京石油化工学院学报．2003 Vol．11No-3
[29] 姜月秋，潘成胜，张颖，潘成胜，王光兴．ATM接入交换机代理开发和SNMP管理模型的实现。小型微型计算机系统．2001 Vol．22 No．12
[30] 李莉，何可为，任秀丽，栾贵兴．智能小区以太网交换机内置SNMP代理的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．2001 Vol．22 No．11
[31] 蒋屹新，李之棠．防火墙SNMP代理的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．2002 Vol．23 No．6
[32] 李建华，王荣，张正线．基于SNMP的SDH网络管理系统代理研究与实现．光通信技术．2003 Vol．27 No．2
[33]郑江南，毛顿，陈平，金连甫．面向服务的系统主动网管代理的设计和实现．计算机工程．2002 Vol．28 No．8
[34] 马龙，张思东，张宏科．SNMP代理软件住IPv6环境下的实现．中国数据通信．2003 Vol．5NO．8
[35] 郑大勇，周玉辉，宋英雄，林如俭．SNMP代理服务器的实现方法．上海大学学报．2002Vol．8 No．1
[36] 王锋，王滔，季晓勇．一种嵌入式Linux平台的软硬件设计．电子技术应用．2003 Vol．29No．2
[37] 薛琪，石冰心，刘启文．基于SNMP及串口通信的网络监控与报警系统．华中理工大学学报．2000 Vol．28 No．4
[38] 杨勇，蔡振家，周海山．Linux环境下实现串口通信．微型电脑应用．2002 Vol．18 No．6
[39] 张建军，陈志雄，韩江洪，张利．Linux平台下串行口全双工通讯的实现．合肥工业大学学报．2003 Vol.26 No.2
[40] O reily. Linux Device Drivers. Alessandro Rubini. 1998
[41] Wilmshurst.T. A design model for embedded systems. Engineering Education: Innovatons in Teaching, Leafing and Assessment (Ref. No. 2001/046), IEE International Symposium on, Volume: Dayl, 2001 Page(s): 7/1-7/7
[42] Lermon.A. Embedding Linux. IEE Review. Volume: 47 Issue: 3, May 2001 Page(s): 33-37
[43]万晨妍，侯颖欣．基于．ARM7TDMI的嵌入式系统设计与实现．计算机工程．2003 Vol．29 No．18
[44] 万加富，张占松，闫荷花．uClinux系统分忻．计算机与现代化．2003年第10期
[45] 邹思轶，张广春，吴广宁．基于 uClinux的嵌入式操作系统在状态监测中的应用．电力自动化设备．2002 Vol．22 No．7
[46] 刘玉兰．施绍萍，梅家骝．uClinux系统分析及嵌入式操作系统的一个开发实例．计算机与现代化．2002年第10期
[47] 顾华玺．VxWorks与SNMP代理的开发．今日电子．2002年第5期
[48] 陈坚华，范燕，冉立新，陈抗生．基于ARM7TDMI的uClinux移植．电子器件．2003 Vol．26 No．1
[49] Kurt Wall，M．Waton，M．Whitis．ONU/Linux编程指南(第二皈)．清华大学出版社．2002年6月第1版
[50]西陆网络管理论坛：http://snmp.xilubbs.com/
[51]NET-SNMP官方站点：http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/
[52] mibDepot站点：http://www.mllbdepot.com
[53]嵌入开发网：httt://www.embed.com.cn
[54]uClinux网站：http://www.uclinux.org/
[55]ARM中文站点：http://www.arm.com/chinese/
[2] 杨家海，任宪坤，王沛瑜．网络管理原理与实现技术．清华大学出版社．2002年9月第1版
[3] 刘燕，郭学理，肖岚，冯继明．简单网络管理协议SNMP的发展与研究．计算机工程与设计．2001 Vol．22 No．3
[4] 张忱，白雪峰，方乐，徐公权．SNMPv1与SNMPv2、SNMPv3的比较研究．计算机工程与应用．2000 Vol．36 No．4
[5] Aiko, Pras. Network Management Architectures. CTIT. 1995. No95-02
[6] IETF, RFCl157. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). May 1990
[7] IETF. RFC 1901. Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2. January 1996
[8] Lucn, Den. Network management for 90s[R]. Technology Report IBM Zurich Research Laboratory. 1997
[9] Shervin Erfani, Victor R. Laxvrence. Network management: emerging trends and challenges[J]. Hall labs Technical Journal. October-december, 1999,3-22
[10] Hein Mathais, David Griffiths. SNMP Version l&2 Simple Network Management Protocol Theory and Practice. London: International Thomson Computer Press, 1995
[11] Scan Harney. Total SNMP[M]. Prentice Hall International Inc. 1998
[12] 蔡皖东．SNMP网络管理中管理信息库结构与功能．小型微型计算机系统．1998 Vol．19 No．9
[13] 黄基前．快速理解利掌握MIB．光通信技术．2001 Vol．25 No．1
[14] IETF. RFC1112. Concise MIB Definitions. May 1990
[15] IETF. RFC 1213. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ. May 1991
[16] 邵旭，刘红，丁炜．SNMP Agent和嵌入式Web网管系统的研究与综合设计．北京邮电大学学报．2001 Vol．24 No．4
[17] 卢苇，黄锐，严斌宇．基于SNMP的网络管理系统的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2002第4期
[18] 刘红，白栋，孔令山，丁炜．嵌入式SNMP代理软件的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用．2001第21期
[19] 陆洲，侯美琨．SNMP网管代理开发．无线电通信技术．2001 Vol27 No．1
[20] 尼秀明，徐佩霞．SNMP扩展代理的快速实现及扩展技巧．计算机工程．2002 Vol．28 No．9
[21] 赵小蓉，吕斌，宋凯．基于SNMP网络管理协议的MIB库分析及存取实现．电脑开发与应用．2001 Vol．14 No．6
[22] M. Patrick, John Harvey. Data Over Cable System Quality of Ser-vice Management Information Base. (INTERNET- DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01.txt), Sun June25, 1999
[23] H. Abramson. Docsis. IGMP MIB. (INTERNET- DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-igmp-mib-00.txt), Wed Jul 26, 1999
[24] 凌琦．SNMP三大功能模块的研究和实现．计算机应用研究．2002 Vol．19 No．7
[25] 贺敏伟．基于MIB的网络状态监测方法．计算机应用．2003 Vol．23 No．5
[26] 袁梅宇，李海军．Windows环境下SNMP Trap的研究．计算机应用研究．2002 Vol．19 N012
[27] 张振国，林卫明．SNMP管理信息库的移动轮询．武汉理工大学学报．2002 Vol．26 No．3
[28] 蓝波，杨琴，潘渊颖．基于SNMP的MIB库访问分析及接口的实现．北京石油化工学院学报．2003 Vol．11No-3
[29] 姜月秋，潘成胜，张颖，潘成胜，王光兴．ATM接入交换机代理开发和SNMP管理模型的实现。小型微型计算机系统．2001 Vol．22 No．12
[30] 李莉，何可为，任秀丽，栾贵兴．智能小区以太网交换机内置SNMP代理的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．2001 Vol．22 No．11
[31] 蒋屹新，李之棠．防火墙SNMP代理的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．2002 Vol．23 No．6
[32] 李建华，王荣，张正线．基于SNMP的SDH网络管理系统代理研究与实现．光通信技术．2003 Vol．27 No．2
[33]郑江南，毛顿，陈平，金连甫．面向服务的系统主动网管代理的设计和实现．计算机工程．2002 Vol．28 No．8
[34] 马龙，张思东，张宏科．SNMP代理软件住IPv6环境下的实现．中国数据通信．2003 Vol．5NO．8
[35] 郑大勇，周玉辉，宋英雄，林如俭．SNMP代理服务器的实现方法．上海大学学报．2002Vol．8 No．1
[36] 王锋，王滔，季晓勇．一种嵌入式Linux平台的软硬件设计．电子技术应用．2003 Vol．29No．2
[37] 薛琪，石冰心，刘启文．基于SNMP及串口通信的网络监控与报警系统．华中理工大学学报．2000 Vol．28 No．4
[38] 杨勇，蔡振家，周海山．Linux环境下实现串口通信．微型电脑应用．2002 Vol．18 No．6
[39] 张建军，陈志雄，韩江洪，张利．Linux平台下串行口全双工通讯的实现．合肥工业大学学报．2003 Vol.26 No.2
[40] O reily. Linux Device Drivers. Alessandro Rubini. 1998
[41] Wilmshurst.T. A design model for embedded systems. Engineering Education: Innovatons in Teaching, Leafing and Assessment (Ref. No. 2001/046), IEE International Symposium on, Volume: Dayl, 2001 Page(s): 7/1-7/7
[42] Lermon.A. Embedding Linux. IEE Review. Volume: 47 Issue: 3, May 2001 Page(s): 33-37
[43]万晨妍，侯颖欣．基于．ARM7TDMI的嵌入式系统设计与实现．计算机工程．2003 Vol．29 No．18
[44] 万加富，张占松，闫荷花．uClinux系统分忻．计算机与现代化．2003年第10期
[45] 邹思轶，张广春，吴广宁．基于 uClinux的嵌入式操作系统在状态监测中的应用．电力自动化设备．2002 Vol．22 No．7
[46] 刘玉兰．施绍萍，梅家骝．uClinux系统分析及嵌入式操作系统的一个开发实例．计算机与现代化．2002年第10期
[47] 顾华玺．VxWorks与SNMP代理的开发．今日电子．2002年第5期
[48] 陈坚华，范燕，冉立新，陈抗生．基于ARM7TDMI的uClinux移植．电子器件．2003 Vol．26 No．1
[49] Kurt Wall，M．Waton，M．Whitis．ONU/Linux编程指南(第二皈)．清华大学出版社．2002年6月第1版
[50]西陆网络管理论坛：http://snmp.xilubbs.com/
[51]NET-SNMP官方站点：http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/
[52] mibDepot站点：http://www.mllbdepot.com
[53]嵌入开发网：httt://www.embed.com.cn
[54]uClinux网站：http://www.uclinux.org/
[55]ARM中文站点：http://www.arm.com/chinese/