电动联合收割机清粮损失监控系统的研究
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摘要
谷物联合收割机是粮食生产过程中的重要机具之一,但目前国内联合收割机操作复杂、效率低、部件磨损严重、维修不便,并在智能化程度及控制策略方面同发达国家有一定差距。引进国外先进的联合收割机又存在自身特性及价格等方面的问题,并不能完全适应我国农业生产的要求。因此,开发符合我国国情的轻便、小型、无污染、效率高及操作方便的高自动化及智能化谷物联合收割机,对提高我国粮食生产,加快实现农业机械化及其现代化具有重要意义。
本文在介绍国内外联合收割机清粮损失监控系统的发展现状与动态的基础上,分析了研制价格低、效率高、使用维修及操作方便的电动联合收割机清粮损失监测控制系统的意义和市场需求,提出了联合收割机电驱动设计的整体构想,制定了系统总体监控方案,对系统的硬件、软件及抗干扰设计进行了研究。
联合收割机电驱动系统设计的总体思路是采用分块驱动的动力实现形式,论文对风机电驱动进行了具体设计;整个监控系统的设计以Intel公司生产的8031单片机为控制核心,扩展了8路A/D采集通道、数据及程序存储器、实时时钟、键盘显示人机对话接口等;清粮损失信号的采集选用了压电晶体式传感器,对信号处理电路进行了设计及其模拟仿真,这部分是论文的重点;输出控制通道由D/A转换器及变频器组成,完成了电动机转速的调整,最终实现了对清粮损失的控制;如果清粮损失超出设定范围,系统还具有报警功能。
为了便于系统的调试、移植、修改,软件设计采用模块化、子程序的思路;程序设计采用汇编语言,根据测控要求设计了主程序、数据采集与A/D转换子程序、键盘子程序、实时显示子程序等模块;为了加强系统工作的可靠性及稳定性,文中对软硬件进行了抗干扰设计。
在系统设计过程中充分考虑到性价比,选用价格低、性能稳定的元器件。通过对信号调理电路的仿真运行,验证了其结果与设计要求基本一致。整个监控系统对于提高我国谷物联合收割机的智能化及自动化发展水平具有重要的现实意义。
The grain combine harvester is one of the important tools in the process of foodgrain production. However, the current domestic combine exist the questions of complicated operation, inefficient, serious parts abrasion and inconvenient maintenance. And there is a certain gap in both intellectualized level and control strategy. What’s more, because of the impacts of advanced foreign combine in characteristics and prices, it can not suit the situation of our country. Therefore, researching and developing the high automation and intelligent grain combine of portability, minitype, cleanness, high efficiency and easy operation becomes requisite. It can improve china's foodgrain production and have a great significance in accelerating agricultural mechanization and modernization.
This paper introduces the developmental situation and dynamic of cleaning loss monitoring and control for domestic and international combine harvester. Furthermore, it analyzes the meaning and market demand of development the cleaning loss monitoring and control system for the electric combine harvester with low prices, high efficiency and convenient use, maintenance and operation. Based on the analytical results, it presents the overall design concept of electric drive for combine harvester and designs overall monitoring program of the system. And that it researches the configuration of the hardware, software and anti-jamming for the system.
The contents of the paper include the fllowings: the overall plan of electric drive system design for combine harvester which is to use block-driven form for momentum, the specific design of electric drive for fan; The designation of the hardware which includes the designation for the control core board of 8031 singlechip, A/D conversion board, data and program memory board, real-time clock board, keyboard and display board and so on. The collection of cleaning loss signal select piezoelectric sensor, and there are a reasonable design and simulation for the signal processing circuit. Output control passage is composed of D/A converter and transducer, completed the motor speed adjustment and eventually achieved a fan speed control; if cleaning loss exceeds the setting scope, the system also has a alarm function.
In order to facilitate debugging, transplantation and modification for system, software design selects the idea of module frame and subprogram; the system selects assembly language, the designation of software which includes the designation for main program, data collection and A/D conversion subprogram, keyboard subprogram, real-time display subprogram and so on; to enhance reliability and stability of the system, this paper presents the anti-jamming hardware and software design.
The components seleced in the system by taking full account of cost and performance have low cost and stable performance. The emulational results and design requirements are basically the same by simulation for the signal processing circuit.The system has great practical significance for improving combine harvester level of intelligentizing and automatization.
本文在介绍国内外联合收割机清粮损失监控系统的发展现状与动态的基础上,分析了研制价格低、效率高、使用维修及操作方便的电动联合收割机清粮损失监测控制系统的意义和市场需求,提出了联合收割机电驱动设计的整体构想,制定了系统总体监控方案,对系统的硬件、软件及抗干扰设计进行了研究。
联合收割机电驱动系统设计的总体思路是采用分块驱动的动力实现形式,论文对风机电驱动进行了具体设计;整个监控系统的设计以Intel公司生产的8031单片机为控制核心,扩展了8路A/D采集通道、数据及程序存储器、实时时钟、键盘显示人机对话接口等;清粮损失信号的采集选用了压电晶体式传感器,对信号处理电路进行了设计及其模拟仿真,这部分是论文的重点;输出控制通道由D/A转换器及变频器组成,完成了电动机转速的调整,最终实现了对清粮损失的控制;如果清粮损失超出设定范围,系统还具有报警功能。
为了便于系统的调试、移植、修改,软件设计采用模块化、子程序的思路;程序设计采用汇编语言,根据测控要求设计了主程序、数据采集与A/D转换子程序、键盘子程序、实时显示子程序等模块;为了加强系统工作的可靠性及稳定性,文中对软硬件进行了抗干扰设计。
在系统设计过程中充分考虑到性价比,选用价格低、性能稳定的元器件。通过对信号调理电路的仿真运行,验证了其结果与设计要求基本一致。整个监控系统对于提高我国谷物联合收割机的智能化及自动化发展水平具有重要的现实意义。
The grain combine harvester is one of the important tools in the process of foodgrain production. However, the current domestic combine exist the questions of complicated operation, inefficient, serious parts abrasion and inconvenient maintenance. And there is a certain gap in both intellectualized level and control strategy. What’s more, because of the impacts of advanced foreign combine in characteristics and prices, it can not suit the situation of our country. Therefore, researching and developing the high automation and intelligent grain combine of portability, minitype, cleanness, high efficiency and easy operation becomes requisite. It can improve china's foodgrain production and have a great significance in accelerating agricultural mechanization and modernization.
This paper introduces the developmental situation and dynamic of cleaning loss monitoring and control for domestic and international combine harvester. Furthermore, it analyzes the meaning and market demand of development the cleaning loss monitoring and control system for the electric combine harvester with low prices, high efficiency and convenient use, maintenance and operation. Based on the analytical results, it presents the overall design concept of electric drive for combine harvester and designs overall monitoring program of the system. And that it researches the configuration of the hardware, software and anti-jamming for the system.
The contents of the paper include the fllowings: the overall plan of electric drive system design for combine harvester which is to use block-driven form for momentum, the specific design of electric drive for fan; The designation of the hardware which includes the designation for the control core board of 8031 singlechip, A/D conversion board, data and program memory board, real-time clock board, keyboard and display board and so on. The collection of cleaning loss signal select piezoelectric sensor, and there are a reasonable design and simulation for the signal processing circuit. Output control passage is composed of D/A converter and transducer, completed the motor speed adjustment and eventually achieved a fan speed control; if cleaning loss exceeds the setting scope, the system also has a alarm function.
In order to facilitate debugging, transplantation and modification for system, software design selects the idea of module frame and subprogram; the system selects assembly language, the designation of software which includes the designation for main program, data collection and A/D conversion subprogram, keyboard subprogram, real-time display subprogram and so on; to enhance reliability and stability of the system, this paper presents the anti-jamming hardware and software design.
The components seleced in the system by taking full account of cost and performance have low cost and stable performance. The emulational results and design requirements are basically the same by simulation for the signal processing circuit.The system has great practical significance for improving combine harvester level of intelligentizing and automatization.
引文
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