绿色物流的回收供应链超网络模型研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的快速发展,物流企业在市场上发挥的作用越来越重要。由于绿色物流的出现,许多企业以降低环境污染,减少资源消耗作为目标。而绿色物流既包括各个单项的绿色物流作业,如绿色运输、绿色包装、绿色流通加工等正向物流,又包括为实现资源再利用而进行的废弃物的回收等逆向物流和循环物流。
基于上述背景,本文提出了一种关于绿色物流的回收供应链超网络模型,它是由制造商、零售商、需求市场和回收商组成的多层次非线性供应链模型。鉴于回收供应链是由不同的、独立利益主体组成的系统,且成员的目标又是冲突的,本文的研究借鉴了Anna Nagurney教授的研究方法:利用变分不等式描述了不同决策者的独立行为以及决策者之间相互影响的竞争行为,得到了供应链每层竞争成员达到均衡以及系统达到均衡的条件,确定了系统中各层决策者之间的交易价格与交易量,并用实例验证了该模型与算法的有效性。
变分不等式作为变分原理的主要推广,是数学上的一个重要分支。在理论科学与应用科学中,变分原理作为一种有力的工具,它可以解释数学与金融以及物理等方面的基本原理。近年来,经典的变分不等式理论己被大量地用于研究产生于应用数学、优化控制理论、力学与热学、线性与非线性规划、经济与金融、交通与运输平衡等各个领域。以Anna Nagurney教授为首成立的超网络研究中心把经济学思想与运作管理方法紧密结合,利用变分不等式研究网络地均衡模型,并将交通网络均衡模型的有关原理运用到供应链超网络、金融超网络、知识超网络和人口转移超网络中,成果显著。
在文章的最后给出了数据实例,表明该理论的可操作性,以期该文章对我国的供应链理论发展起到一定的作用。
With the rapid development of the market economy, the logistics enterprise played an important role in the market. As a result of appearing of green logistics, many companies reduce environment pollution and resource consumption. Green logistics includes individual activity of forward direction such as green transportation, green package and green processing in circulation, and those reverse logistic and those circular logistic, which means to realize resource recyclers.
Based on the previous researches and practices, we present a recycle supply chain super-network model of green logistics , which consists of I manufacturers, J distributors, K markets and M recyclers. Whereas the aims of the principal parts in the supply chain super-network system are conflicts. Research on this paper using Anna Nagurney's method, we model the optimizing behavior of the various decision-makers, derive the equilibrium conditions, and establish the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation. And then we provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium pattern in terms of existence and uniqueness results and also establish conditions under which the proposed computational procedure is guaranteed to converge. Finally, we illustrate the model and algorithm through several numerical examples for which the equilibrium prices and product shipments are computed. The last of the paper draw the conclusion of this thesis and propose the future research of super-network.
The variational inequalities is an important branch of mathematics and has many important application in many theoretical and applied science, such as, applied mathematics, physics, linear and no-linear programming problem, economics and transport fields. The super-network research center with Professor Anna Nagurney taking the lead combines economics ideology and operational management tightly. They investigate network's equilibrium situation using the variational inequality, and get notable progenies through using the traffic super-network's principles to investigate supply chain super-networks, financial super-networks and knowledge super-networks.
At last, a numerical example is given to performance the operability of the theory.
基于上述背景,本文提出了一种关于绿色物流的回收供应链超网络模型,它是由制造商、零售商、需求市场和回收商组成的多层次非线性供应链模型。鉴于回收供应链是由不同的、独立利益主体组成的系统,且成员的目标又是冲突的,本文的研究借鉴了Anna Nagurney教授的研究方法:利用变分不等式描述了不同决策者的独立行为以及决策者之间相互影响的竞争行为,得到了供应链每层竞争成员达到均衡以及系统达到均衡的条件,确定了系统中各层决策者之间的交易价格与交易量,并用实例验证了该模型与算法的有效性。
变分不等式作为变分原理的主要推广,是数学上的一个重要分支。在理论科学与应用科学中,变分原理作为一种有力的工具,它可以解释数学与金融以及物理等方面的基本原理。近年来,经典的变分不等式理论己被大量地用于研究产生于应用数学、优化控制理论、力学与热学、线性与非线性规划、经济与金融、交通与运输平衡等各个领域。以Anna Nagurney教授为首成立的超网络研究中心把经济学思想与运作管理方法紧密结合,利用变分不等式研究网络地均衡模型,并将交通网络均衡模型的有关原理运用到供应链超网络、金融超网络、知识超网络和人口转移超网络中,成果显著。
在文章的最后给出了数据实例,表明该理论的可操作性,以期该文章对我国的供应链理论发展起到一定的作用。
With the rapid development of the market economy, the logistics enterprise played an important role in the market. As a result of appearing of green logistics, many companies reduce environment pollution and resource consumption. Green logistics includes individual activity of forward direction such as green transportation, green package and green processing in circulation, and those reverse logistic and those circular logistic, which means to realize resource recyclers.
Based on the previous researches and practices, we present a recycle supply chain super-network model of green logistics , which consists of I manufacturers, J distributors, K markets and M recyclers. Whereas the aims of the principal parts in the supply chain super-network system are conflicts. Research on this paper using Anna Nagurney's method, we model the optimizing behavior of the various decision-makers, derive the equilibrium conditions, and establish the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation. And then we provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium pattern in terms of existence and uniqueness results and also establish conditions under which the proposed computational procedure is guaranteed to converge. Finally, we illustrate the model and algorithm through several numerical examples for which the equilibrium prices and product shipments are computed. The last of the paper draw the conclusion of this thesis and propose the future research of super-network.
The variational inequalities is an important branch of mathematics and has many important application in many theoretical and applied science, such as, applied mathematics, physics, linear and no-linear programming problem, economics and transport fields. The super-network research center with Professor Anna Nagurney taking the lead combines economics ideology and operational management tightly. They investigate network's equilibrium situation using the variational inequality, and get notable progenies through using the traffic super-network's principles to investigate supply chain super-networks, financial super-networks and knowledge super-networks.
At last, a numerical example is given to performance the operability of the theory.
引文
[1]王玲.绿色物流理论及其发展路径探析,物流论坛.2007,6,46-49.
[2]王长琼.绿色物流产生的背景及发展对策初探,物流技术.2002,4,27-32.
[3]张德新.基于绿色物流体系的逆向物流分析,上海经济研究.2006,10,80-84.
[4]李文静.国外绿色物流的发展和实践,物流论坛,2007,6,194-196.
[5]倪天林.论绿色物流的理论与实践,物流平台,2007,3,147-148.
[6]Kokkinaki A J,Dekker R et al.E-business models for reverse logistics:contributions and challenges.In:International Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing.Erasmus Univ.Rotterdam,Netherlands,2002,470-476.
[7]Stock J,Speh T,Shear H.Many Happy Returns.Harvard Business Review.2002,80(7):16-17.
[8]Dale S R,Ronald T L.An examination of reverse logistics practices.Journal of Business Logistics,2001,22(2):129-148.
[9]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,中国物资出版社.2003年.
[10]朱道立,崔益明,陈姝妮.逆向物流系统与技术.复旦学报(自然科学版).2003,42(5):673-679.
[11]Hu T.L.,Sheu J.B.,Huang K.H.A reverse logistics cost minimization model for the treatment of hazardous wastes[J].Transportation Research Part E.2002,38:457-473.
[12]Caruso C,Colorni A,Paruccini M.The regional urban solid waste management system:a modeling approach.European Journal of Operational Research.1993,70:16-30.
[13]Min H.A bicriterion reverse distribution model for product recall.Omega.1989,17(5):483-490.
[14]Barros AI,Dekker R,Scholten V.A two-level network for recycling sand:A case Study.European Journey of Operational Research.1998,110:199-214.
[15]Jayaraman V,Patterson R A,Roll E.The design of reverse distribution networks:Models and solution procedures.European Journal of Operational Research.2003,150(1):128-149.
[16]Shih L.Reverse logistics system planning for recycling electronic appliances and computers in Taiwan[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling.2001,32:55-72.
[17]Sheu J B,Chou Y H,Hu C C.An integrated logistics operational model for green supply chain management.Transportation Research Part E.2005,(41):287-313.
[18]Spengler T.,Ploog M.,Schroter.Integrated paining of acquisition disassembly and bulk recycling:a case study on electronic scrap recovery[J].OR Spectrum.2003,25:413-442.
[19]马祖军,代颖.产品回收逆向物流网络优化设计模型.管理工程学报.2005,19(4):114-117.
[20]Min H,Ko H J.The dynamic design of a reverse logistics network from the perspective of third-party logistics service providers.International Journal of Production Economics,2007,1(4):382-404
[21]杨广芬.基于变分不等式的闭环供应链超网络研究.大连海事大学,2007.
[22]Wardrop J G.Some Theoretical Aspects of Road Traffic Research.Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers,1952,Ⅱ:325-378.
[23]Dafermos S.The Traffic Assignment Problem for Multimodal Networks.Transportation Science.1972,6:73-87.
[24]Sheffi Y.Transportation Network Equilibrium with Discrete Choice Models.Ph.D.thesis.Civil Engineering Department,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,Massachusetts.1978.
[25]Sheffi Y,Daganzo C F.Computation of Equilibrium Over Transportation Networks:The Case of Disaggregate Demand Models.Transportation Science.1980,14:155-173.
[26]Nagurney A,Dong J,Zhang D.A supply chain network equilibrium model.Transportation Research Part E.2002,38:281-303.
[27]Dafermos S.Traffic equilibrium and variational inequalities.Transportation Science,1980,14:42-54.
[28]Nagurney A,D.M.Global supply chain network dynamics with multicriteria decision-making under risk and uncertainty.Transportation Research E,2005,41:585-612.
[29]Dong J,Zhang D,Yan H,Nagurney A.Multitiered supply chain networks:multicriteria decision-making under uncertainty.Annals of Operations Research.2005,135:155-178.
[30]Nagurney A,Toyasaki F.Reverse supply,chain management and electronic waste recycling:a multitiered network equilibrium framework for e-cycling.Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review.2005,41:1-28.
[31]Nagurney A,Ke K.Financial networks with intermediation:risk management with variable weights.European Journal of Operational Research.2006,172:40-63.
[32]Liu Z,Nagurney A.Financial networks with intermediation and transportation network equilibrium:a supernetwork equivalence and reinterpretation of the equilibrium conditions with computations.Computational Management Science.2006.
[33]Nagurney A,Liu Z,Cojocaru M,etal.Dynamic electric power supply chains and transportation networks:an evolutionary variational inequality formulation.Transportation Research E.2006,5:50-76.
[34]Wu K,Nagurney A,Liu Z,etal.Modeling generator power plant portfolios and pollution taxes in electric power supply chain networks:a transportation network equilibrium transformation.Transportation Research D.2004,11:171-190.
[35]Nagurney A,Jie P.Evolution variational inequalities and projected dynamical systems with application to Human Migration.Mathematical and Computer Modeling.2006,43:646-657.
[36]Hammond D,Beullens P.Closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium under legislation.European Journal of Operational Research.2007,183:895-908.
[37]郭友中,刘君兰译.变分不等方程及其应用.北京:1991.
[38]李郑国,王猛,曾华军译.支持向量积.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[39]王耀东.变分不等方程.北京:高等教育出版社.1987.
[40]Harker P T,Pang JS.Finite-dimensional inequality and nonlinear complimentarily problems:a survey of theory.Algorithm and Applications,1990,48(2):283-301.
[41]Korpelevich G M.The extra gradient method for finding saddle point and other problem.Matekon.1977,13:35-49.
[42]R.Zhang and C.Wu,Bottleneck Machine Identification Based on Optimization for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem,ICIC Express Letters,vol.2,no.2,pp.175-180,2008.
[43]X.Zhang,Q.Lu,S.Wen,M.Wu and X.Wang,A Modified Differential Evolution for Constrained Optimization,ICIC Express Letters,vol.2,no.2,pp.181-186,2008.
[44]Lindu Zhao,Linbo Qu and Ming Liu,Disruption Coordination of Closed-loop Supply Chain Network(I)-Models and Theorems,International Journal of Innovative Computing,Information and Control,vol.4,no.11,pp.2955:2964,2008.
[45]Haruhiko Tominaga,Tatsushi Nishi and Masami Konishi,Effects of Inventory Control on Bullwhip in Supply Chain Planning for Multiple Companies,International Journal of Innovative Computing,Information and Control,vol.4,no.3,pp.513-530,2008.
[46]Banister,D.and Button,K.(eds)(1993) Transport,the Environment,a nd Sustainable Development.London:E & F N Spon.
[47]Bleijenberg A.(1998) Freight Transport in Europe:in search of sustainability,Delft:Centre for Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology.
[48]Byrne P.and Deeb A.(1993) "Logistics must meet the 'green' challenge",Transportation and and Distribution.Feb.33-35.
[49]Cooper J.,Black I,and Peters M.(1998)."Creating the sustainable supply chain:modeling the the key relationships" in D.Banister(ed).
[50]Qinghua Zhu,Joseph Sarkis,Kee-hung Lai.Green supply chain management implications for closing the loop.Transportation Research Part E 44(2008) 1-18.
[51]吕永波,贾楠,潘跃飞,夏云兰.支持向量机的绿色物流服务评价模型.物流技术.2007,26(10)65-67.
[52]Benita M.Beamon.Designing the green supply chain.Logistics Information Management.Volume 12.Number 4.1999.pp.332-342.
[53]Qinghua Zhu,Joseph Sarkis,Kee-hung Lai.Green supply chain management:pressures,practices and performance within the Chinese automobile industry.Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007) 1041-1052.
[2]王长琼.绿色物流产生的背景及发展对策初探,物流技术.2002,4,27-32.
[3]张德新.基于绿色物流体系的逆向物流分析,上海经济研究.2006,10,80-84.
[4]李文静.国外绿色物流的发展和实践,物流论坛,2007,6,194-196.
[5]倪天林.论绿色物流的理论与实践,物流平台,2007,3,147-148.
[6]Kokkinaki A J,Dekker R et al.E-business models for reverse logistics:contributions and challenges.In:International Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing.Erasmus Univ.Rotterdam,Netherlands,2002,470-476.
[7]Stock J,Speh T,Shear H.Many Happy Returns.Harvard Business Review.2002,80(7):16-17.
[8]Dale S R,Ronald T L.An examination of reverse logistics practices.Journal of Business Logistics,2001,22(2):129-148.
[9]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,中国物资出版社.2003年.
[10]朱道立,崔益明,陈姝妮.逆向物流系统与技术.复旦学报(自然科学版).2003,42(5):673-679.
[11]Hu T.L.,Sheu J.B.,Huang K.H.A reverse logistics cost minimization model for the treatment of hazardous wastes[J].Transportation Research Part E.2002,38:457-473.
[12]Caruso C,Colorni A,Paruccini M.The regional urban solid waste management system:a modeling approach.European Journal of Operational Research.1993,70:16-30.
[13]Min H.A bicriterion reverse distribution model for product recall.Omega.1989,17(5):483-490.
[14]Barros AI,Dekker R,Scholten V.A two-level network for recycling sand:A case Study.European Journey of Operational Research.1998,110:199-214.
[15]Jayaraman V,Patterson R A,Roll E.The design of reverse distribution networks:Models and solution procedures.European Journal of Operational Research.2003,150(1):128-149.
[16]Shih L.Reverse logistics system planning for recycling electronic appliances and computers in Taiwan[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling.2001,32:55-72.
[17]Sheu J B,Chou Y H,Hu C C.An integrated logistics operational model for green supply chain management.Transportation Research Part E.2005,(41):287-313.
[18]Spengler T.,Ploog M.,Schroter.Integrated paining of acquisition disassembly and bulk recycling:a case study on electronic scrap recovery[J].OR Spectrum.2003,25:413-442.
[19]马祖军,代颖.产品回收逆向物流网络优化设计模型.管理工程学报.2005,19(4):114-117.
[20]Min H,Ko H J.The dynamic design of a reverse logistics network from the perspective of third-party logistics service providers.International Journal of Production Economics,2007,1(4):382-404
[21]杨广芬.基于变分不等式的闭环供应链超网络研究.大连海事大学,2007.
[22]Wardrop J G.Some Theoretical Aspects of Road Traffic Research.Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers,1952,Ⅱ:325-378.
[23]Dafermos S.The Traffic Assignment Problem for Multimodal Networks.Transportation Science.1972,6:73-87.
[24]Sheffi Y.Transportation Network Equilibrium with Discrete Choice Models.Ph.D.thesis.Civil Engineering Department,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,Massachusetts.1978.
[25]Sheffi Y,Daganzo C F.Computation of Equilibrium Over Transportation Networks:The Case of Disaggregate Demand Models.Transportation Science.1980,14:155-173.
[26]Nagurney A,Dong J,Zhang D.A supply chain network equilibrium model.Transportation Research Part E.2002,38:281-303.
[27]Dafermos S.Traffic equilibrium and variational inequalities.Transportation Science,1980,14:42-54.
[28]Nagurney A,D.M.Global supply chain network dynamics with multicriteria decision-making under risk and uncertainty.Transportation Research E,2005,41:585-612.
[29]Dong J,Zhang D,Yan H,Nagurney A.Multitiered supply chain networks:multicriteria decision-making under uncertainty.Annals of Operations Research.2005,135:155-178.
[30]Nagurney A,Toyasaki F.Reverse supply,chain management and electronic waste recycling:a multitiered network equilibrium framework for e-cycling.Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review.2005,41:1-28.
[31]Nagurney A,Ke K.Financial networks with intermediation:risk management with variable weights.European Journal of Operational Research.2006,172:40-63.
[32]Liu Z,Nagurney A.Financial networks with intermediation and transportation network equilibrium:a supernetwork equivalence and reinterpretation of the equilibrium conditions with computations.Computational Management Science.2006.
[33]Nagurney A,Liu Z,Cojocaru M,etal.Dynamic electric power supply chains and transportation networks:an evolutionary variational inequality formulation.Transportation Research E.2006,5:50-76.
[34]Wu K,Nagurney A,Liu Z,etal.Modeling generator power plant portfolios and pollution taxes in electric power supply chain networks:a transportation network equilibrium transformation.Transportation Research D.2004,11:171-190.
[35]Nagurney A,Jie P.Evolution variational inequalities and projected dynamical systems with application to Human Migration.Mathematical and Computer Modeling.2006,43:646-657.
[36]Hammond D,Beullens P.Closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium under legislation.European Journal of Operational Research.2007,183:895-908.
[37]郭友中,刘君兰译.变分不等方程及其应用.北京:1991.
[38]李郑国,王猛,曾华军译.支持向量积.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[39]王耀东.变分不等方程.北京:高等教育出版社.1987.
[40]Harker P T,Pang JS.Finite-dimensional inequality and nonlinear complimentarily problems:a survey of theory.Algorithm and Applications,1990,48(2):283-301.
[41]Korpelevich G M.The extra gradient method for finding saddle point and other problem.Matekon.1977,13:35-49.
[42]R.Zhang and C.Wu,Bottleneck Machine Identification Based on Optimization for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem,ICIC Express Letters,vol.2,no.2,pp.175-180,2008.
[43]X.Zhang,Q.Lu,S.Wen,M.Wu and X.Wang,A Modified Differential Evolution for Constrained Optimization,ICIC Express Letters,vol.2,no.2,pp.181-186,2008.
[44]Lindu Zhao,Linbo Qu and Ming Liu,Disruption Coordination of Closed-loop Supply Chain Network(I)-Models and Theorems,International Journal of Innovative Computing,Information and Control,vol.4,no.11,pp.2955:2964,2008.
[45]Haruhiko Tominaga,Tatsushi Nishi and Masami Konishi,Effects of Inventory Control on Bullwhip in Supply Chain Planning for Multiple Companies,International Journal of Innovative Computing,Information and Control,vol.4,no.3,pp.513-530,2008.
[46]Banister,D.and Button,K.(eds)(1993) Transport,the Environment,a nd Sustainable Development.London:E & F N Spon.
[47]Bleijenberg A.(1998) Freight Transport in Europe:in search of sustainability,Delft:Centre for Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology.
[48]Byrne P.and Deeb A.(1993) "Logistics must meet the 'green' challenge",Transportation and and Distribution.Feb.33-35.
[49]Cooper J.,Black I,and Peters M.(1998)."Creating the sustainable supply chain:modeling the the key relationships" in D.Banister(ed).
[50]Qinghua Zhu,Joseph Sarkis,Kee-hung Lai.Green supply chain management implications for closing the loop.Transportation Research Part E 44(2008) 1-18.
[51]吕永波,贾楠,潘跃飞,夏云兰.支持向量机的绿色物流服务评价模型.物流技术.2007,26(10)65-67.
[52]Benita M.Beamon.Designing the green supply chain.Logistics Information Management.Volume 12.Number 4.1999.pp.332-342.
[53]Qinghua Zhu,Joseph Sarkis,Kee-hung Lai.Green supply chain management:pressures,practices and performance within the Chinese automobile industry.Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007) 1041-1052.