Multi-Agent技术在虚拟企业中应用的研究
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摘要
近年来，国际上提出了敏捷制造与虚拟企业，这正是使制造企业在激烈竞争中全面取得领先的新企业组织模式。虚拟企业对传统的企业管理信息系统提出了新的要求，因此，研究面向虚拟企业的管理信息系统也具有重要意义。
本论文是在充分吸收国内外有关虚拟企业研究成果的基础上，研究了在虚拟企业环境下，动态的虚拟企业信息系统模型构建的问题，其中主要分析了分布异构式信息系统的动态集成。
本论文的核心部分综合运用Multi-Agent(多智能体)技术的有关理论和方法，为遵循开放系统原则，采用标准化技术，建立动态集成模型，提供了一种有效途径，从而满足了跨网络和跨不同商业企业的应用系统的需求，有效实现了分布式异构环境下对象之间的交互操作和协同工作。在该模型中，由Multi-Agent(多智能体系统)代表虚拟企业。其中重点提出了成员企业Agent信息模块，它包括Agent内部管理层，Agent信息交换接口，Agent外部通讯层三个组成部分：内部管理层由企业的原有系统构成，以保证企业的自治性；信息交换接口实现了Agent内部管理层与外部通讯层之间的信息交换；外部通讯层则支持Agent之间的交互，实现企业间的合作。该虚拟企业集成框架不仅支持虚拟企业像一个企业一样进行工作，而且实现了虚拟企业的可重用、可重构和可扩充，并使企业根据需要同时参加多虚拟企业成为可能。
本论文最后通过对一个实际虚拟企业案例进行分析，得出对我国企业实施虚拟企业管理的一些启示。
Recently, there bring forward the conception of Virtual Enterprise and Agility Manufacture, which is a totally new organization model of enterprises that makes manufacturing enterprises always keep ahead in the intense competition. Because Virtual Enterprise has put forward the new requirement on the Management Information System of traditional enterprise, it is very important that researching on the Management Information System of Virtual Enterprise.
The up-to-minute research results of Virtual Enterprise home and abroad are strive accepted and developed in this thesis. Based on the analysis of all these research results, the question of building the dynamic Management Information System of Virtual Enterprise under the circumstance of Virtual Enterprise is studied in this thesis. It mostly analyses the dynamic integration of distributed heterogeneous Management Information System.
The hardcore of this thesis synthetically involved theory and means of Multi-Agent, which provide an effective way for building dynamic integration model following the principle of open system and using standardization of technology, therefor it can meet the demands of the application system and realize the alternant operation and the work between all objects under the distributed heterogeneous circumstance. In this paper, multi- agent is used for the construction of integrated framework of Virtual Enterprise, accordingly, the Virtual Enterprise is represented by Multi- Agent System. The agent general structure is emphasized which consists of management level, internal interface and communication level. The management level is the legacy system of an enterprise to keep its autonomy, and the communication level realizes the cooperation among enterprises by supporting the interactions of them, and internal interface makes it available to exchange information between the management level and the communication l
evel of an agent. The integrated framework of Virtual Enterprise makes the Virtual Enterprise work as a single enterprise, and it realizes the reusable, the reconfiguration and the scalable of Virtual Enterprise,
meanwhile, the integrated framework also makes it possible that an enterprise can participate in several Virtual Enterprise at the same time according to the real requirements.
In the end of this thesis, taking the construction of Virtual Enterprise model of NIIP as a case, some advices are given to the enterprises of our country for the application of Virtual Enterprise management.
本论文是在充分吸收国内外有关虚拟企业研究成果的基础上，研究了在虚拟企业环境下，动态的虚拟企业信息系统模型构建的问题，其中主要分析了分布异构式信息系统的动态集成。
本论文的核心部分综合运用Multi-Agent(多智能体)技术的有关理论和方法，为遵循开放系统原则，采用标准化技术，建立动态集成模型，提供了一种有效途径，从而满足了跨网络和跨不同商业企业的应用系统的需求，有效实现了分布式异构环境下对象之间的交互操作和协同工作。在该模型中，由Multi-Agent(多智能体系统)代表虚拟企业。其中重点提出了成员企业Agent信息模块，它包括Agent内部管理层，Agent信息交换接口，Agent外部通讯层三个组成部分：内部管理层由企业的原有系统构成，以保证企业的自治性；信息交换接口实现了Agent内部管理层与外部通讯层之间的信息交换；外部通讯层则支持Agent之间的交互，实现企业间的合作。该虚拟企业集成框架不仅支持虚拟企业像一个企业一样进行工作，而且实现了虚拟企业的可重用、可重构和可扩充，并使企业根据需要同时参加多虚拟企业成为可能。
本论文最后通过对一个实际虚拟企业案例进行分析，得出对我国企业实施虚拟企业管理的一些启示。
Recently, there bring forward the conception of Virtual Enterprise and Agility Manufacture, which is a totally new organization model of enterprises that makes manufacturing enterprises always keep ahead in the intense competition. Because Virtual Enterprise has put forward the new requirement on the Management Information System of traditional enterprise, it is very important that researching on the Management Information System of Virtual Enterprise.
The up-to-minute research results of Virtual Enterprise home and abroad are strive accepted and developed in this thesis. Based on the analysis of all these research results, the question of building the dynamic Management Information System of Virtual Enterprise under the circumstance of Virtual Enterprise is studied in this thesis. It mostly analyses the dynamic integration of distributed heterogeneous Management Information System.
The hardcore of this thesis synthetically involved theory and means of Multi-Agent, which provide an effective way for building dynamic integration model following the principle of open system and using standardization of technology, therefor it can meet the demands of the application system and realize the alternant operation and the work between all objects under the distributed heterogeneous circumstance. In this paper, multi- agent is used for the construction of integrated framework of Virtual Enterprise, accordingly, the Virtual Enterprise is represented by Multi- Agent System. The agent general structure is emphasized which consists of management level, internal interface and communication level. The management level is the legacy system of an enterprise to keep its autonomy, and the communication level realizes the cooperation among enterprises by supporting the interactions of them, and internal interface makes it available to exchange information between the management level and the communication l
evel of an agent. The integrated framework of Virtual Enterprise makes the Virtual Enterprise work as a single enterprise, and it realizes the reusable, the reconfiguration and the scalable of Virtual Enterprise,
meanwhile, the integrated framework also makes it possible that an enterprise can participate in several Virtual Enterprise at the same time according to the real requirements.
In the end of this thesis, taking the construction of Virtual Enterprise model of NIIP as a case, some advices are given to the enterprises of our country for the application of Virtual Enterprise management.
引文
[1] Cypher D C A, Kid Sim J S. Programming agents without a programming language [J]. Communications of the ACM, 1994, 37 (7): 55-67.
[2] M J Wooldridge, N R Jennings. Intelligent agent: theory and practice [J]. Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995; 10(2):115-152.
[3] T. Sandhoim, Katia P. Sycara. Multi-Agent Systems [J]. AI Magazine, 1998.
[4] Smith R, Davis R. Frameworks for Cooperation in Distributed Problem Solving [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, MAN and Cybernetics, Bol. SMC-11, 1981; 1.
[5] Georgeff M. Communication and Interaction in Multi-Agent Planning [C]. In: Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D C, Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, California; 1983: 125-129.
[6] Georgeff M. A Theory of Action for Multi Agent Planning [C]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Austin, Texas, San Mateo, California, 1984: 121-125.
[7] Muller H J. Negotiation principles [C]. In: Foundation of Distributed Artificial Intelligence 6th Generation Computer Technology Seried. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996: 211-229.
[8] Pattie M. Artificial life meets entertainment: life like autonomous agents [J]. Communications of the ACM, 1995, 38(11): 108-114.
[9] Michael J Wooldridge, Nicholas R Jennings. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey.
[10] Yannis Labrov, Tim Finin, Yun Peng. Agent Communication Languages: The Current Landscape [J]. IEEE, 1999: 3.
[11] Paolo Ciancariri. Coordinating Multiagent Applications on the WWW: A Reference Architecture [J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1998; 24(5): 362-374.
[12] Franklin Stan, Graesser Art. Is it an Agent, or just a Program?: A Texonomy for Autonomous Agent [C]. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architecture, and Languages, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
[13] Doran J, Palmer M. The EOS Project: Integrating Two Models of Palaeolithic Social Change [C]. In: Artificial Societies: the Computer Simulation of Social Life, N Gilbert, R Conte EDS., London: UCL Press, 1995:103-125.
[14] Arisha K A, Ozcan F, Ross R. Impact: a platform for collaborating agents [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1999, 14(2): 64-72.
[15] Guessoum Z, Jean-Pierre. From active objects to autonomous agents [J]. IEEE Concurrency, 1999, 7(3): 68-75.
[16] L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, C. Garita, C. Lima. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprises [C]. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes&Systems, Budapest, Hungary, June 10-13, 1997.
[17] The NIIP Reference Architecture [R], 2002, www.niiip.org.
[18] L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh (1998)-Virtual Enterprises: Life cycle supporting tools and technologies [C], to appear in Life Cycle Engineering Handbook, A. Kusiak, A. Molina, Chapman & Hall.
[19] Bui T, Lee J. An agent-based framework for building
decision support systems [J]. Decision Support System, 1999, 25: 225-237.
[20] Mohsem Kahani H, W Peter Beadle. Decentralised approaches for network management [J]. Computer Communication Review, 1997(7).
[21] John W Perram, Jean-Pierre Muller. Distributed software agents and application [M]. Berlin New York: Springer, 1996.
[22] N R Jennings, Controlling cooperative problem solving in industrial multi-agent system using joint intentions [J]. Artificial Intelligence, 1995: 75(2): 195-240.
[23] Eugeino Oliveria, Klaus Fischer, Olga Stepankova. Multi-Agent systems: which research for which applications, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1999, 27: 91-106.
[24] Nicholas R Jennings, Katia Sycara, Michael Wooldridge. A roadmap of agent research and development. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent System. 1: 7-38.
[25] C. Gilman, M. Aparicio. Integration of design and manufacturing in a virtual enterprises using enterprises rules, intelligent agents, STEP, and workflow, http://www.niiip.org.
[26] R J Rabelo, L M Camarina-Matos, H Afsarmanesh. Multi-agent-based agile scheduling, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1999, 27: 15-28.
[27] Tseng M M, Lei M, Su Ch. Acollaborative Control System for mass customization manufacturing [J]. Annals of CIRP, 1997, 46(1):373-376.
[28] Daniele, O' Leary, Daniel Kuokka, Robert Plant. Artificial Intelligence and virtual organization [J]. Communications of the ACM, 1997, 40(1):52-59.
[29] Wiendahi H P, K. Helms, Big M H V. Management of variable production networks-Visions, Management and Tools [J].
Annals of CIRP, 1998, 47(2):549-555.
[30] S M Huang, Green R G, M S Beckl. Tomographic imaging of two- component flow using capacitance sensors [J]. Phys E:Sci Instrum, 1989, 22: 173-177.
[31] Weiming Shen, Douglas H Norrie. Agent-based system for intelligent manufacturing: a state-of-the-art survey, http://sern.ucalgary.ca/cag/.
[32] N Reinecke, D Mewes. Recent development and industrial/research applications of capacitance tomography. Meas Sci Tec, 1996, 7: 233-246.
[33] S H Kan, F Abdullah. Finite element modeling of multi-electrode capacitive systems for flow imaging. IEE Proc 6, 1993, 140(3): 216-222.
[34] C G Xie, S M Huang. Experimental evaluation of capacitance tomographic flow imaging systems using physical models, IEE Proc Circ Dev Syst, 1995, (141): 357-368.
[35] http://www.niiip.org.
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[38] 李莉，薛劲松，朱云龙．基于多智能体的虚拟企业的构建及运行研究．中国机械工程，2002．6．
[39] 辛长松．分布式多Agent协作技术[J]．电脑开发与应用，1999，12(4)：25-27．
[40] 李春梅，邹平．GDSS中自治、协作Agent的研究[J]．系统工程，2002，20(1)：66-70．
[41] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络制造系统构想[J]．中国机械工程，1999，10(11)．
[42] 黄为民，陈世福．分布式对象构件及其应用[J]．计算机应用研究，2000，10．
[43] 段永强，张申生，高国军．基于代理的软件设计和软件重用
[J]．计算机工程，26(1)．
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[45]柴跃廷，韩坚，李芳芸．基于协调中心的敏捷供应链系统的研究[J]．计算机集成制造系统，1998，(4)：26-29．
[46]解树江．虚拟企业的作用将日益凸显．光明日报，2001．4．03．
[47]刘爱菊．虚拟企业的管理信息系统初探．[J]经济经纬，2001．1：36-37．
[48]陈建平．网络经济下企业管理的发展方向．企业改革与管理．
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[2] M J Wooldridge, N R Jennings. Intelligent agent: theory and practice [J]. Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995; 10(2):115-152.
[3] T. Sandhoim, Katia P. Sycara. Multi-Agent Systems [J]. AI Magazine, 1998.
[4] Smith R, Davis R. Frameworks for Cooperation in Distributed Problem Solving [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, MAN and Cybernetics, Bol. SMC-11, 1981; 1.
[5] Georgeff M. Communication and Interaction in Multi-Agent Planning [C]. In: Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D C, Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, California; 1983: 125-129.
[6] Georgeff M. A Theory of Action for Multi Agent Planning [C]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Austin, Texas, San Mateo, California, 1984: 121-125.
[7] Muller H J. Negotiation principles [C]. In: Foundation of Distributed Artificial Intelligence 6th Generation Computer Technology Seried. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996: 211-229.
[8] Pattie M. Artificial life meets entertainment: life like autonomous agents [J]. Communications of the ACM, 1995, 38(11): 108-114.
[9] Michael J Wooldridge, Nicholas R Jennings. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey.
[10] Yannis Labrov, Tim Finin, Yun Peng. Agent Communication Languages: The Current Landscape [J]. IEEE, 1999: 3.
[11] Paolo Ciancariri. Coordinating Multiagent Applications on the WWW: A Reference Architecture [J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1998; 24(5): 362-374.
[12] Franklin Stan, Graesser Art. Is it an Agent, or just a Program?: A Texonomy for Autonomous Agent [C]. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architecture, and Languages, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
[13] Doran J, Palmer M. The EOS Project: Integrating Two Models of Palaeolithic Social Change [C]. In: Artificial Societies: the Computer Simulation of Social Life, N Gilbert, R Conte EDS., London: UCL Press, 1995:103-125.
[14] Arisha K A, Ozcan F, Ross R. Impact: a platform for collaborating agents [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1999, 14(2): 64-72.
[15] Guessoum Z, Jean-Pierre. From active objects to autonomous agents [J]. IEEE Concurrency, 1999, 7(3): 68-75.
[16] L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, C. Garita, C. Lima. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprises [C]. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes&Systems, Budapest, Hungary, June 10-13, 1997.
[17] The NIIP Reference Architecture [R], 2002, www.niiip.org.
[18] L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh (1998)-Virtual Enterprises: Life cycle supporting tools and technologies [C], to appear in Life Cycle Engineering Handbook, A. Kusiak, A. Molina, Chapman & Hall.
[19] Bui T, Lee J. An agent-based framework for building
decision support systems [J]. Decision Support System, 1999, 25: 225-237.
[20] Mohsem Kahani H, W Peter Beadle. Decentralised approaches for network management [J]. Computer Communication Review, 1997(7).
[21] John W Perram, Jean-Pierre Muller. Distributed software agents and application [M]. Berlin New York: Springer, 1996.
[22] N R Jennings, Controlling cooperative problem solving in industrial multi-agent system using joint intentions [J]. Artificial Intelligence, 1995: 75(2): 195-240.
[23] Eugeino Oliveria, Klaus Fischer, Olga Stepankova. Multi-Agent systems: which research for which applications, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1999, 27: 91-106.
[24] Nicholas R Jennings, Katia Sycara, Michael Wooldridge. A roadmap of agent research and development. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent System. 1: 7-38.
[25] C. Gilman, M. Aparicio. Integration of design and manufacturing in a virtual enterprises using enterprises rules, intelligent agents, STEP, and workflow, http://www.niiip.org.
[26] R J Rabelo, L M Camarina-Matos, H Afsarmanesh. Multi-agent-based agile scheduling, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1999, 27: 15-28.
[27] Tseng M M, Lei M, Su Ch. Acollaborative Control System for mass customization manufacturing [J]. Annals of CIRP, 1997, 46(1):373-376.
[28] Daniele, O' Leary, Daniel Kuokka, Robert Plant. Artificial Intelligence and virtual organization [J]. Communications of the ACM, 1997, 40(1):52-59.
[29] Wiendahi H P, K. Helms, Big M H V. Management of variable production networks-Visions, Management and Tools [J].
Annals of CIRP, 1998, 47(2):549-555.
[30] S M Huang, Green R G, M S Beckl. Tomographic imaging of two- component flow using capacitance sensors [J]. Phys E:Sci Instrum, 1989, 22: 173-177.
[31] Weiming Shen, Douglas H Norrie. Agent-based system for intelligent manufacturing: a state-of-the-art survey, http://sern.ucalgary.ca/cag/.
[32] N Reinecke, D Mewes. Recent development and industrial/research applications of capacitance tomography. Meas Sci Tec, 1996, 7: 233-246.
[33] S H Kan, F Abdullah. Finite element modeling of multi-electrode capacitive systems for flow imaging. IEE Proc 6, 1993, 140(3): 216-222.
[34] C G Xie, S M Huang. Experimental evaluation of capacitance tomographic flow imaging systems using physical models, IEE Proc Circ Dev Syst, 1995, (141): 357-368.
[35] http://www.niiip.org.
[36] 潘邦传，王锐，刘宗田．多Agent系统的协同，计算机工程与应用，2002，18：77-79．
[37] 王晓凯，侯朝祯．基于多Agent的网络管理技术研究，计算机工程与应用，2002，12：15-17．
[38] 李莉，薛劲松，朱云龙．基于多智能体的虚拟企业的构建及运行研究．中国机械工程，2002．6．
[39] 辛长松．分布式多Agent协作技术[J]．电脑开发与应用，1999，12(4)：25-27．
[40] 李春梅，邹平．GDSS中自治、协作Agent的研究[J]．系统工程，2002，20(1)：66-70．
[41] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络制造系统构想[J]．中国机械工程，1999，10(11)．
[42] 黄为民，陈世福．分布式对象构件及其应用[J]．计算机应用研究，2000，10．
[43] 段永强，张申生，高国军．基于代理的软件设计和软件重用
[J]．计算机工程，26(1)．
[44]刘金琨，王树青．基于Agent技术的人工智能决策支持系统研究[J]．系统工程理论与实践，2000(2)．
[45]柴跃廷，韩坚，李芳芸．基于协调中心的敏捷供应链系统的研究[J]．计算机集成制造系统，1998，(4)：26-29．
[46]解树江．虚拟企业的作用将日益凸显．光明日报，2001．4．03．
[47]刘爱菊．虚拟企业的管理信息系统初探．[J]经济经纬，2001．1：36-37．
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