具有减压平台的土钉支护结构的工作机理与稳定性分析
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摘要
土钉支护是以土钉作为主要受力构件的边坡支护技术,它由密集的土钉群、被加固的原位土体、混凝土面层和必要的防水系统组成。同时为了增加其稳定性能,在支护结构中常设置减压平台。它通过提高土体的抗剪强度及土体在变形时土钉提供给土体的抗拔力达到支护目的,是一种主动受力的支护结构。由于它具有施工快速便捷、适用性强、经济可靠等优点,而广泛应用于各种工程的土体支护项目中。但在理论上对土钉支护的工作机理和稳定性研究这一问题仍没有得出透彻的认识,导致设计人员在进行土钉支护设计时所考虑因素的重要性不是很合理,设计结果与真实情况存在很大差距。
本文通过准粘聚理论,在众多学者对土钉支护结构研究的基础上,提出了减压平台这一概念,对土钉支护抗剪强度的提高机理进行了分析研究,并推导出破裂角的表达式。对于设置减压平台的土钉支护结构,通过剪滞法理论推导了减压平台所在平面之上、之下的土钉内力传递公式,并与未设置减压平台的情况下进行内力比较。在分析了前人破坏模型的基础上,结合实际工程的检测资料及实地经验,从理论上提出了支护结构的拉裂—滑移双直线潜在多破裂面的破坏模型,并推导其稳定性计算公式。最后,通过对一个土钉支护工程实例的坡体水平位移和土钉拉力进行检测,得出设置减压平台的土钉支护工程中坡体水平位移和土钉拉力随施工时间、挖土深度的变化情况。将土钉拉力的实测结果与由土钉内力传递公式计算所得结果相比,两者基本吻合,土钉最大拉力作用点也在理论分析的潜在破裂面附近,这验证前述理论分析的正确性,对土钉支护的设计和施工提供很好的参考价值。
Soil nailing is a supporting technology with a soil nailing as the main force component of the slope. It consists of dense group of soil nailing, in–situ soil reinforced, concrete surface layer and the necessary water system.Meanwhile, in order to increase its performance of stability, decompression platform is frequently set in the supporting structure. It is a supporting structure of active force and by increasing the shear strength of soil to achieve the purpose of supporting. It is widely used in various projects of soil supporting for the advantages of fast and easy construction and economic reliability. However, in theory, the mechanism and stability of soil nailing has yet to arrive at a thorough analysis. It leads to the designer taking into account unreasonable importance of the factors during the design of soil nailing, and the design results is very different with the real situation.
In this paper, using quasi-cohesion theory, on the basis of many previous studies of soil nailing structure, a new concept of decompression platform is put forward and on the shear strength of soil nailing an analysis in the improvement of the mechanism is studied. To the soil nailing structures that set decompression platform, the internal forces transmission of soil nailing where is up and below the platform is derived from the shear-lag method, and compared with the condition in which structure does not set platform. After analyzing the damage models based on the predecessors, combined with the monitoring data of actual project and field experience, a theory of crack-sliding and a potential multi-sliding pairs of linear damage model is put forward and its stability formula is derived. Finally, through monitoring horizontal displacement and soil nailing force of a structure, a result to the soil nailing structures which set platform that the horizontal displacement and soil nailing force change with the construction time and digging in depth is derived. Comparing the experimental result of soil nailing force, the result of the internal forces from the soil nailing formula is similar, and the point of the largest soil nailing forces is also near the potential fracture plane of the theoretical analysis. The results of this study provide a good reference value to the design and construction of soil nailing structure.
本文通过准粘聚理论,在众多学者对土钉支护结构研究的基础上,提出了减压平台这一概念,对土钉支护抗剪强度的提高机理进行了分析研究,并推导出破裂角的表达式。对于设置减压平台的土钉支护结构,通过剪滞法理论推导了减压平台所在平面之上、之下的土钉内力传递公式,并与未设置减压平台的情况下进行内力比较。在分析了前人破坏模型的基础上,结合实际工程的检测资料及实地经验,从理论上提出了支护结构的拉裂—滑移双直线潜在多破裂面的破坏模型,并推导其稳定性计算公式。最后,通过对一个土钉支护工程实例的坡体水平位移和土钉拉力进行检测,得出设置减压平台的土钉支护工程中坡体水平位移和土钉拉力随施工时间、挖土深度的变化情况。将土钉拉力的实测结果与由土钉内力传递公式计算所得结果相比,两者基本吻合,土钉最大拉力作用点也在理论分析的潜在破裂面附近,这验证前述理论分析的正确性,对土钉支护的设计和施工提供很好的参考价值。
Soil nailing is a supporting technology with a soil nailing as the main force component of the slope. It consists of dense group of soil nailing, in–situ soil reinforced, concrete surface layer and the necessary water system.Meanwhile, in order to increase its performance of stability, decompression platform is frequently set in the supporting structure. It is a supporting structure of active force and by increasing the shear strength of soil to achieve the purpose of supporting. It is widely used in various projects of soil supporting for the advantages of fast and easy construction and economic reliability. However, in theory, the mechanism and stability of soil nailing has yet to arrive at a thorough analysis. It leads to the designer taking into account unreasonable importance of the factors during the design of soil nailing, and the design results is very different with the real situation.
In this paper, using quasi-cohesion theory, on the basis of many previous studies of soil nailing structure, a new concept of decompression platform is put forward and on the shear strength of soil nailing an analysis in the improvement of the mechanism is studied. To the soil nailing structures that set decompression platform, the internal forces transmission of soil nailing where is up and below the platform is derived from the shear-lag method, and compared with the condition in which structure does not set platform. After analyzing the damage models based on the predecessors, combined with the monitoring data of actual project and field experience, a theory of crack-sliding and a potential multi-sliding pairs of linear damage model is put forward and its stability formula is derived. Finally, through monitoring horizontal displacement and soil nailing force of a structure, a result to the soil nailing structures which set platform that the horizontal displacement and soil nailing force change with the construction time and digging in depth is derived. Comparing the experimental result of soil nailing force, the result of the internal forces from the soil nailing formula is similar, and the point of the largest soil nailing forces is also near the potential fracture plane of the theoretical analysis. The results of this study provide a good reference value to the design and construction of soil nailing structure.
引文
[1]姜晨光.基坑工程理论与实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[2]崔正权,李宁.边坡工程:理论与实践最新发展[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[3]曾宪明,曾荣生,陈德兴,王作民.岩土深基坑喷锚支护法原理·设计·施工指南[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[4]余志成,施文华.深基坑支护设计与施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[5] Big Barr.A large direct shear box-some initial results of tests on Soil nails[J].Ground Engineering, 1991,40~58
[6] Schlosser F.,Buhan P.DE.Theory and design related to the Performance of reinforeed Soil struetures[J].British Geotechnical Society, 1990,70~98
[7] Jewell R.A,Pedley M.J.Soil nailing design:the role of bending stiffness[J].Ground Engineering,1990,40~78
[8] JewellR.A,Pedley M.J.A large scale experimental study of Soil reinforcement interaction[J]. Ground Engineering,1992,80~102
[9] Dawson E M,Roth W H,Drescher A.Slope sability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotech- inque,1999,33~47
[10] Griffith D V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Geotechnique,1999,55~62
[11]黄生根,张希浩.曹辉.地基处理与基坑工程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999
[12]黄运飞.深基坑工程实用技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1996
[13]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[14]美国交通部联邦公路总局.土钉墙设计施工与监测手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2000
[15]陈肇元,周丰峻等.基坑土钉支护技术规程[S].中国工程建设标准化协会标准CECS 96:97
[16] Juran.I,Elivas.V.Ground Anchors and Soil Nail in Retaining Structures Foundation Engineering[M].Handbook Chapter 26, 1991,23~34
[17] Bangs.Investigation of soil nailing system[M].Advances in Geotechnical Engineering. Transport Research,1999,63~75
[18] Schlosser F.,Unierreiner P,Plumelle.C.French research CLOUTERRE on soi1 nailing[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication,1992,30(2): 739~750
[19] H.Juran.Kinematical limit Analysis of Earth Support System[J].Geotech.Eng, 1981,53~58
[20] Schlosser F.The multicriteria theory in Soil nailing[J].Ground Engineering, 1991,13~18
[21] Juran I.Design of Soil Nailed Retaining Structures[J].Geotechnical Special Publication, 1990, 73~78
[22] Stoek.M.F,Riedinger.G.The Bearing Behavior of Nailed Retaining Struetures[J].GSP,1 990,25(3): 109~115
[23] Elias.V.,Juran.I.Soil nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Evacuations[J]. FHWA/RD,1991,29~35
[24] Byrne.R.J.,WaWngshow,J.L.FHWA.International Scanning Tour for Geotechnology[J]. FHWA/PL,1993, 109~115
[25]程良奎,张作湄,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术[M].地震出版社,1994
[26]陈肇元,崔京浩.土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用[J].中国建筑工业出版社,1997,11(9),83~88
[27]陈肇元,宋二祥,崔京浩.深基坑的土钉技术[J].地下空间,1996,16(1) ,43~49
[28]吴观今,刘民强.插筋补强护坡技术[J].建筑技术开发,1992(3) ,63~69
[29]徐林荣.筋土界面相互作用参数和加筋垫层处理软基的性状研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2001,15(2) ,23~28
[30]吴雄志,赵乃如.加筋土强度模型与应力-应变特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(A09),80~88
[31] Jewell.R.A.,Wroth C.P.Direct shear tests on reinforced sand[J].Geotechnique,1987,1(37):30~35
[32]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993
[33]单辉祖.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[34] Schlosser.F.Soil Nailing in France-Research and Practice[J].TransPortation Research Board, 1999, 40~48
[35]建筑基坑支护技术规程(JGJ120~99)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:22~44
[36]高浪.深基坑开挖土钉墙支护性状分析[D].江苏:浙江大学,1998:11~34
[37]秦四清,王建党等.土钉支护机理与优化设计[ M].地震出版社,1999:l~94
[38]林宗元.岩土工程治理手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科技出版社,1993:44~74
[39]中国建筑科学研究院主编.中华人民共和国行业标准《建筑基坑支护规程》[S].1998,27~29
[40]李成.候月铁路膨胀岩堑坡锚固防护工程的应用与研究[J].大连理工大学出版社,1995:21~25
[41]龚晓南.土的塑性力学[M].浙江大学出版社,2002:213~313
[42]张明聚,郭忠贤.土钉支护工作性能的现场测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):319~323
[43]吴雄志.土加筋挡土墙拉筋最大拉力的确定[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(5):101~106
[44]吴雄志,吴瑞智.土钉拉力计算方法的探讨[J].河北煤炭,2004,5~7
[45]张克恭,刘松玉.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,79~86
[46]吴雄志,史三元.土工织物加筋土坡稳定的塑性极限分析法[J].岩土力学,1994,15(2): 55~61
[47]张成斌.土钉墙作用机理及破坏分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998:97~100
[48]徐扬青.深基坑工程优化设计理论与动态变形控制研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2001,68~75
[49] Thompson S R.Design Construction and Performance of a Soil Nailed Wall in Seattle Washing -ton[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,1990,25(4),83~88
[50] Ilan Juan,Chao Li Chen.Strain Compatibility Design Method for Reinforced Earth Walls[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Vol.15,1989, 15(1),23~28
[51] P.PXanthankos,J.W.Abramson,D.A.Bruee.Ground Control and ImProvement[J].John Wiely and Sons Pub,1994, 23~27
[52] Gassler G.Soil Nailing-Some Aspects of New Technique[J].ICSMEF,1981,5(3),83~88
[53] GJB 5055-2006,土钉支护技术规范[S]
[54] SJG05-96,深圳地区建设深基坑支护技术规范[S]
[55] DBJ08-61-97,上海市标准基坑工程设计规程[S]
[56] YB92/58-97,建筑基坑工程技术规范[S]
[57] Michalowsk R.L.Stability of Uniformly Reinforced Slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering[J].ASCE,1994,123(6):793~797
[58]涂兵雄.土钉支护的机理与稳定性研究[D].河北:河北工程大学,2009,66~70
[59]张明聚.土钉支护工作性能的研究[D].北京:清华大学博士论文,2000,69~72
[2]崔正权,李宁.边坡工程:理论与实践最新发展[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[3]曾宪明,曾荣生,陈德兴,王作民.岩土深基坑喷锚支护法原理·设计·施工指南[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[4]余志成,施文华.深基坑支护设计与施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[5] Big Barr.A large direct shear box-some initial results of tests on Soil nails[J].Ground Engineering, 1991,40~58
[6] Schlosser F.,Buhan P.DE.Theory and design related to the Performance of reinforeed Soil struetures[J].British Geotechnical Society, 1990,70~98
[7] Jewell R.A,Pedley M.J.Soil nailing design:the role of bending stiffness[J].Ground Engineering,1990,40~78
[8] JewellR.A,Pedley M.J.A large scale experimental study of Soil reinforcement interaction[J]. Ground Engineering,1992,80~102
[9] Dawson E M,Roth W H,Drescher A.Slope sability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotech- inque,1999,33~47
[10] Griffith D V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Geotechnique,1999,55~62
[11]黄生根,张希浩.曹辉.地基处理与基坑工程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999
[12]黄运飞.深基坑工程实用技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1996
[13]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[14]美国交通部联邦公路总局.土钉墙设计施工与监测手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2000
[15]陈肇元,周丰峻等.基坑土钉支护技术规程[S].中国工程建设标准化协会标准CECS 96:97
[16] Juran.I,Elivas.V.Ground Anchors and Soil Nail in Retaining Structures Foundation Engineering[M].Handbook Chapter 26, 1991,23~34
[17] Bangs.Investigation of soil nailing system[M].Advances in Geotechnical Engineering. Transport Research,1999,63~75
[18] Schlosser F.,Unierreiner P,Plumelle.C.French research CLOUTERRE on soi1 nailing[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication,1992,30(2): 739~750
[19] H.Juran.Kinematical limit Analysis of Earth Support System[J].Geotech.Eng, 1981,53~58
[20] Schlosser F.The multicriteria theory in Soil nailing[J].Ground Engineering, 1991,13~18
[21] Juran I.Design of Soil Nailed Retaining Structures[J].Geotechnical Special Publication, 1990, 73~78
[22] Stoek.M.F,Riedinger.G.The Bearing Behavior of Nailed Retaining Struetures[J].GSP,1 990,25(3): 109~115
[23] Elias.V.,Juran.I.Soil nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Evacuations[J]. FHWA/RD,1991,29~35
[24] Byrne.R.J.,WaWngshow,J.L.FHWA.International Scanning Tour for Geotechnology[J]. FHWA/PL,1993, 109~115
[25]程良奎,张作湄,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术[M].地震出版社,1994
[26]陈肇元,崔京浩.土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用[J].中国建筑工业出版社,1997,11(9),83~88
[27]陈肇元,宋二祥,崔京浩.深基坑的土钉技术[J].地下空间,1996,16(1) ,43~49
[28]吴观今,刘民强.插筋补强护坡技术[J].建筑技术开发,1992(3) ,63~69
[29]徐林荣.筋土界面相互作用参数和加筋垫层处理软基的性状研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2001,15(2) ,23~28
[30]吴雄志,赵乃如.加筋土强度模型与应力-应变特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(A09),80~88
[31] Jewell.R.A.,Wroth C.P.Direct shear tests on reinforced sand[J].Geotechnique,1987,1(37):30~35
[32]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993
[33]单辉祖.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[34] Schlosser.F.Soil Nailing in France-Research and Practice[J].TransPortation Research Board, 1999, 40~48
[35]建筑基坑支护技术规程(JGJ120~99)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:22~44
[36]高浪.深基坑开挖土钉墙支护性状分析[D].江苏:浙江大学,1998:11~34
[37]秦四清,王建党等.土钉支护机理与优化设计[ M].地震出版社,1999:l~94
[38]林宗元.岩土工程治理手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科技出版社,1993:44~74
[39]中国建筑科学研究院主编.中华人民共和国行业标准《建筑基坑支护规程》[S].1998,27~29
[40]李成.候月铁路膨胀岩堑坡锚固防护工程的应用与研究[J].大连理工大学出版社,1995:21~25
[41]龚晓南.土的塑性力学[M].浙江大学出版社,2002:213~313
[42]张明聚,郭忠贤.土钉支护工作性能的现场测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):319~323
[43]吴雄志.土加筋挡土墙拉筋最大拉力的确定[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(5):101~106
[44]吴雄志,吴瑞智.土钉拉力计算方法的探讨[J].河北煤炭,2004,5~7
[45]张克恭,刘松玉.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,79~86
[46]吴雄志,史三元.土工织物加筋土坡稳定的塑性极限分析法[J].岩土力学,1994,15(2): 55~61
[47]张成斌.土钉墙作用机理及破坏分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998:97~100
[48]徐扬青.深基坑工程优化设计理论与动态变形控制研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2001,68~75
[49] Thompson S R.Design Construction and Performance of a Soil Nailed Wall in Seattle Washing -ton[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,1990,25(4),83~88
[50] Ilan Juan,Chao Li Chen.Strain Compatibility Design Method for Reinforced Earth Walls[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Vol.15,1989, 15(1),23~28
[51] P.PXanthankos,J.W.Abramson,D.A.Bruee.Ground Control and ImProvement[J].John Wiely and Sons Pub,1994, 23~27
[52] Gassler G.Soil Nailing-Some Aspects of New Technique[J].ICSMEF,1981,5(3),83~88
[53] GJB 5055-2006,土钉支护技术规范[S]
[54] SJG05-96,深圳地区建设深基坑支护技术规范[S]
[55] DBJ08-61-97,上海市标准基坑工程设计规程[S]
[56] YB92/58-97,建筑基坑工程技术规范[S]
[57] Michalowsk R.L.Stability of Uniformly Reinforced Slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering[J].ASCE,1994,123(6):793~797
[58]涂兵雄.土钉支护的机理与稳定性研究[D].河北:河北工程大学,2009,66~70
[59]张明聚.土钉支护工作性能的研究[D].北京:清华大学博士论文,2000,69~72