包裹式加筋土挡土墙抗震特性试验研究
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摘要
包裹式加筋土挡土墙是以面板、填土、筋材等组成的复合支挡结构。目前在铁路、公路、水运及水利等各类土建工程中已得到广泛的应用。然而,加筋土挡墙的设计理论还不够成熟,尤其是动力特性和抗震设计方面。在相关设计规范中,抗震方面的设计采用拟静力法,来考虑地震力的作用。这对于筋土间在地震作用下的复杂的受力机理、土压力与地震力的组合方式,这种设计计算方法显得尤为简单。本文主要针对包裹式加筋土挡土墙抗震设计中存在的问题展开研究,以广(通)大(理)线某车站包裹式加筋土挡土墙为背景,通过理论分析与振动台模拟试验开展了以下一些研究工作：
(1)结合国内外研究现状利用摩擦加筋原理和准粘聚力理论对加筋土挡土墙筋土间的相互作用机理进行了深入的理论分析,对加筋土挡墙的几种破坏模式进行了归纳总结,对加筋土挡土墙外部稳定性和内部稳定性进行了深入分析和总结。
(2)以广大线某车站包裹式加筋土挡土墙工点原型为依据,确定振动台试验模型的相似率,进而确定模型尺寸及材料,并进行模型试验的设计。
(3)通过对模型安放的加速度计、土压力计和电阻应变片所测试验结果进行整理和分析,得出了加速度放大系数与墙高变化的规律；土压力与墙高的变化规律；不同位置处筋材的受力变化规律,加筋土挡土墙的破坏模式及潜在破裂面的位置。
(4)通过对试验模型进行理论计算和试验实测值进行计算(0.15g、0.2g、0.3g、0.4g时),得出按规范进行计算的结果较试验实测值进行计算的要小,规范计算方法偏于不安全。
(5)通过两组振动台模型试验对包裹式加筋土挡土墙和普通的加筋土挡土墙在不同地震峰值加速度作用下(0.085g、0.15g、0.2g、0.25g、0.312g、0.4g、0.616g)的受力变形特点进行对比分析,得出了包裹式加筋土挡土墙具有更好的抗震性能。
Wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall is a composite retaining structure, which is built up with panels, fillings, and reinforced materials. It has been widely used in railways, highways, waterways and water conservation and other civil works currently. However, the design theory of the reinforced earth retaining wall is not mature enough yet, especially in the dynamic characteristics and anti-seismic design. In the relevant design specification, the pseudo-static method is employed to consider the effect of seismic force in the anti-seismic design.This for the reinforced earth's complex loading mechanism under the seismic action,the combination method of earth pressure and seismic forces, the calculation method of the design is particularly simple. This article mainly aims at studying of the problems exist in the anti-seismic design for the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall. Take the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall in a station of Guangtong-Dali line as the background, and through theoretical analysis and vibration table simulated experiments, I conducted some research work as follows:
(1) Combined with research status home and abroad, and use the friction of reinforced principle and quasi-cohesion theory, to make a deep theoretical analysis of the interaction mechanism between the earth of the reinforced earth retaining wall, to make a summary of the several wrecking modes of the reinforced earth retaining walls, and to make a further analysis of the external stability and the internal stability of the reinforced earth retaining walls.
(2)According to the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall model in a station of Guangtong-Dali line, and ascertain the similarity rate of vibration table test model, and then confirm the model size and the material, meanwhile, design model tests.
(3) By placing the accelerometer, soil resistance and strain gauges on the model, I carried out experiments. And after collecting and analyzing the test results, I obtained: the high acceleration amplification coefficient and the variation of the wall's height; the earth pressure and changes of wall's height; the changes of the force the reinforced materials at different locations, the wrecking modes of the reinforced earth retaining walls and the location of potential wrecking surface.
(4) For the test models, theoretical calculations and experimental measured values are calculated (0.15g,0.2g,0.3g,0.4g), the obtained results are that the calculations under specification are smaller than the measured value ones, and the standard calculation tends to be unsafe.
(5) By performing two groups shaking table tests on wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall and ordinary reinforced earth retaining wall under the peak accelerations in different earthquakes (0.085g,0.15g,0.2g,0.25g,0.312g,0.4g, 0.616g), I compared and analyzed the force deformation characteristics of the two kinds of walls, and concluded that the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall has better earthquake resistance.
(1)结合国内外研究现状利用摩擦加筋原理和准粘聚力理论对加筋土挡土墙筋土间的相互作用机理进行了深入的理论分析,对加筋土挡墙的几种破坏模式进行了归纳总结,对加筋土挡土墙外部稳定性和内部稳定性进行了深入分析和总结。
(2)以广大线某车站包裹式加筋土挡土墙工点原型为依据,确定振动台试验模型的相似率,进而确定模型尺寸及材料,并进行模型试验的设计。
(3)通过对模型安放的加速度计、土压力计和电阻应变片所测试验结果进行整理和分析,得出了加速度放大系数与墙高变化的规律；土压力与墙高的变化规律；不同位置处筋材的受力变化规律,加筋土挡土墙的破坏模式及潜在破裂面的位置。
(4)通过对试验模型进行理论计算和试验实测值进行计算(0.15g、0.2g、0.3g、0.4g时),得出按规范进行计算的结果较试验实测值进行计算的要小,规范计算方法偏于不安全。
(5)通过两组振动台模型试验对包裹式加筋土挡土墙和普通的加筋土挡土墙在不同地震峰值加速度作用下(0.085g、0.15g、0.2g、0.25g、0.312g、0.4g、0.616g)的受力变形特点进行对比分析,得出了包裹式加筋土挡土墙具有更好的抗震性能。
Wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall is a composite retaining structure, which is built up with panels, fillings, and reinforced materials. It has been widely used in railways, highways, waterways and water conservation and other civil works currently. However, the design theory of the reinforced earth retaining wall is not mature enough yet, especially in the dynamic characteristics and anti-seismic design. In the relevant design specification, the pseudo-static method is employed to consider the effect of seismic force in the anti-seismic design.This for the reinforced earth's complex loading mechanism under the seismic action,the combination method of earth pressure and seismic forces, the calculation method of the design is particularly simple. This article mainly aims at studying of the problems exist in the anti-seismic design for the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall. Take the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall in a station of Guangtong-Dali line as the background, and through theoretical analysis and vibration table simulated experiments, I conducted some research work as follows:
(1) Combined with research status home and abroad, and use the friction of reinforced principle and quasi-cohesion theory, to make a deep theoretical analysis of the interaction mechanism between the earth of the reinforced earth retaining wall, to make a summary of the several wrecking modes of the reinforced earth retaining walls, and to make a further analysis of the external stability and the internal stability of the reinforced earth retaining walls.
(2)According to the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall model in a station of Guangtong-Dali line, and ascertain the similarity rate of vibration table test model, and then confirm the model size and the material, meanwhile, design model tests.
(3) By placing the accelerometer, soil resistance and strain gauges on the model, I carried out experiments. And after collecting and analyzing the test results, I obtained: the high acceleration amplification coefficient and the variation of the wall's height; the earth pressure and changes of wall's height; the changes of the force the reinforced materials at different locations, the wrecking modes of the reinforced earth retaining walls and the location of potential wrecking surface.
(4) For the test models, theoretical calculations and experimental measured values are calculated (0.15g,0.2g,0.3g,0.4g), the obtained results are that the calculations under specification are smaller than the measured value ones, and the standard calculation tends to be unsafe.
(5) By performing two groups shaking table tests on wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall and ordinary reinforced earth retaining wall under the peak accelerations in different earthquakes (0.085g,0.15g,0.2g,0.25g,0.312g,0.4g, 0.616g), I compared and analyzed the force deformation characteristics of the two kinds of walls, and concluded that the wrap-styled reinforced earth retaining wall has better earthquake resistance.
引文
[1]陈忠达.公路挡土墙设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999.
[2]土工合成材料工程应用手册编委会.土工合成材料工程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[3]Muthueumarasamy Yongendrakumar, Riehard J.Bathurst, and D.Liam Finn, Dynamic Response Analysis of Reinforced-Soil Retaining Wall.Joumal of Geotechnical Engineering.Vol.118.No8.1992.P1158-1167.
[4]Claus H.Gobel,Ulrike C.Weisemann:Effectiveness of a reinforcing geogrid in a railway subbase under danamic loads [J] Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1994,13: P91-99.
[5]Mohamad H.Maher,Richard D.Woods.Dynamic response of sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,116(7): P1116-1131.
[6]张小江等.纤维加筋土的动力特性试验研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(3)：P45-49.
[7]张友葩等.动荷载下加筋土挡土墙的可靠性.有色金属,2002,54(1)：P84-87.
[8]梁波等.加筋粉煤灰的静动强度指标试验研究[J].实验力学,1998,13(1)：P85-91.
[9]杨果林,肖宏彬.现代加筋土挡土结构[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2002.
[10]Myles.B.Assessment of soil fabric friction by means of shear.Proe.2nd lnt.Conf.on Geotextiles, Las Vegas,1982,P787-792.
[11]Koutsourais.M.Sandri.D & Swan.R soil interaction characteristics of geotextiles and geogrids Proe.6th Int.Conf.On geosynthetics,Atlanta,1998,P739-744.
[12]李海芳等.土工织物摩擦特性的初步研究[R].全国第二届土工合成材料学术会议,沈阳,1990,P459-462.
[13]王吉力等.土与土工织物接触界面间摩擦特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,1992,13(4)：P232-235.
[14]周志刚等.土工加筋材料性能研究综述.长沙交通学院学报,2001,17(2)：P38-42.
[15]吴景海.土工合成材料界面作用特性的抗拔试验研究.岩土力学,2006,27(4)：P581-585.
[16]孙晋.加筋土动力特性试验研究[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,4.
[17]袁雪琪等.巫山加筋土的三轴试验研究,西北地质,2002,1：P52-55.
[18]吴景海等.土工合成材料加筋砂土三轴试验研究.岩土工程学报,2000,22(2)：P199-204.
[19]邓容基.加筋土强度的试验研究,兰州铁道学院学报,1994,13(3)：P1-8.
[20]孙丽梅,刘垂远,何昌荣等.加筋土不同布筋方式的三轴试验研究,水电站设计,2005,21(2)：P60-62.
[21]张茹,李洪,费文平等.室内土动力测试研究进展水利水电科技进展,2005,25(2)：P62-66.
[22]张师德,杜鸿梁.土工织物加筋土挡墙性状研究[A],全国第四届上工合成材料学术会议沦文集,1996.
[23]章为明,赖忠中,徐光明,加筋挡土墙离心模型试验研究,土木工程学报,2000,33(3)P：84-91.
[24]黄广军.加筋上挡墙的性状及设计理论研究,博士学位论文,铁道部科学研究院,1999.
[25]孔宪京,李永胜等.加筋边坡振动台模型试验研究,水力发电学报,2009,28(5)P：152-157.
[26]周亦唐,钟国强等.塑料土工格栅加筋土结构的振动台试验研究,四川建筑科学研究,2004,30(2)P：45-47.
[27]Maher MH, Woods RD.Dynanmic response of sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers.Journal of Geoteehnical Engineering.1990,116(7):P1116-1131.
[28]李海深,杨果林,邹银生.加筋土挡墙动力特性分析.中国公路学报,2004,(2)：P28-31.
[29]蒋清建,邹银生.动力作用下加筋土挡墙的数值模拟.湖南城市学院学报,2006,15(4)：P12-14.
[30]刘华北.水平与竖向地震作用下土工格栅加筋土挡墙动力分析.岩土工程学报,2006,28(5)P594-599.
[31]伍永胜.加筋土挡墙动力特性及抗震设计方法研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006,3.
[32]中华人民共和国行业标准《铁路路基支挡结构设计规范》(TB10125-2006)中华人民共和国铁道部发布2006.
[33]中华人民共和国行业标准《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D30-2004)中华人民共和国交通部发布2004.
[34]中华人民共和国行业标准《公路工程抗震设计规范》(JTJ 004-89)中华人民共和国交通部发布1989.
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(GB50111-2006)中华人民共和国建设部、中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布2006.
[36]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,赵剑明,刘启旺.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社、知识产权出版社,2005.
[37]杨果林.加筋土挡土结构动力特性研究.中南大学博士学位论文.2001.
[38]周世良.格栅加筋土挡墙结构特性及破坏机理研究.重庆大学博士学位论文.2005.
[39]欧阳仲春.现代土工加筋技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1991.
[40]刘成宇.土力学(第二版)[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
[41]《土工合成材料工程应用手册》编写委员会.土工合成材料工程应用手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994,P85-88.
[42]中华人民共和国行业标准.土工合成材料应用技术规范(GB50290-1988)中华人民共和国建设部、国家质量技术监督局联合发布1998.
[43]李海光等.新型支挡结构设计与工程实例.人民交通出版社,2004.
[44]中华人民共和国水利部.土工合成材料应用技术规范(GB50290-98).中国计划出版社,1998.
[2]土工合成材料工程应用手册编委会.土工合成材料工程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[3]Muthueumarasamy Yongendrakumar, Riehard J.Bathurst, and D.Liam Finn, Dynamic Response Analysis of Reinforced-Soil Retaining Wall.Joumal of Geotechnical Engineering.Vol.118.No8.1992.P1158-1167.
[4]Claus H.Gobel,Ulrike C.Weisemann:Effectiveness of a reinforcing geogrid in a railway subbase under danamic loads [J] Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1994,13: P91-99.
[5]Mohamad H.Maher,Richard D.Woods.Dynamic response of sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,116(7): P1116-1131.
[6]张小江等.纤维加筋土的动力特性试验研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(3)：P45-49.
[7]张友葩等.动荷载下加筋土挡土墙的可靠性.有色金属,2002,54(1)：P84-87.
[8]梁波等.加筋粉煤灰的静动强度指标试验研究[J].实验力学,1998,13(1)：P85-91.
[9]杨果林,肖宏彬.现代加筋土挡土结构[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2002.
[10]Myles.B.Assessment of soil fabric friction by means of shear.Proe.2nd lnt.Conf.on Geotextiles, Las Vegas,1982,P787-792.
[11]Koutsourais.M.Sandri.D & Swan.R soil interaction characteristics of geotextiles and geogrids Proe.6th Int.Conf.On geosynthetics,Atlanta,1998,P739-744.
[12]李海芳等.土工织物摩擦特性的初步研究[R].全国第二届土工合成材料学术会议,沈阳,1990,P459-462.
[13]王吉力等.土与土工织物接触界面间摩擦特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,1992,13(4)：P232-235.
[14]周志刚等.土工加筋材料性能研究综述.长沙交通学院学报,2001,17(2)：P38-42.
[15]吴景海.土工合成材料界面作用特性的抗拔试验研究.岩土力学,2006,27(4)：P581-585.
[16]孙晋.加筋土动力特性试验研究[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,4.
[17]袁雪琪等.巫山加筋土的三轴试验研究,西北地质,2002,1：P52-55.
[18]吴景海等.土工合成材料加筋砂土三轴试验研究.岩土工程学报,2000,22(2)：P199-204.
[19]邓容基.加筋土强度的试验研究,兰州铁道学院学报,1994,13(3)：P1-8.
[20]孙丽梅,刘垂远,何昌荣等.加筋土不同布筋方式的三轴试验研究,水电站设计,2005,21(2)：P60-62.
[21]张茹,李洪,费文平等.室内土动力测试研究进展水利水电科技进展,2005,25(2)：P62-66.
[22]张师德,杜鸿梁.土工织物加筋土挡墙性状研究[A],全国第四届上工合成材料学术会议沦文集,1996.
[23]章为明,赖忠中,徐光明,加筋挡土墙离心模型试验研究,土木工程学报,2000,33(3)P：84-91.
[24]黄广军.加筋上挡墙的性状及设计理论研究,博士学位论文,铁道部科学研究院,1999.
[25]孔宪京,李永胜等.加筋边坡振动台模型试验研究,水力发电学报,2009,28(5)P：152-157.
[26]周亦唐,钟国强等.塑料土工格栅加筋土结构的振动台试验研究,四川建筑科学研究,2004,30(2)P：45-47.
[27]Maher MH, Woods RD.Dynanmic response of sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers.Journal of Geoteehnical Engineering.1990,116(7):P1116-1131.
[28]李海深,杨果林,邹银生.加筋土挡墙动力特性分析.中国公路学报,2004,(2)：P28-31.
[29]蒋清建,邹银生.动力作用下加筋土挡墙的数值模拟.湖南城市学院学报,2006,15(4)：P12-14.
[30]刘华北.水平与竖向地震作用下土工格栅加筋土挡墙动力分析.岩土工程学报,2006,28(5)P594-599.
[31]伍永胜.加筋土挡墙动力特性及抗震设计方法研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006,3.
[32]中华人民共和国行业标准《铁路路基支挡结构设计规范》(TB10125-2006)中华人民共和国铁道部发布2006.
[33]中华人民共和国行业标准《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D30-2004)中华人民共和国交通部发布2004.
[34]中华人民共和国行业标准《公路工程抗震设计规范》(JTJ 004-89)中华人民共和国交通部发布1989.
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(GB50111-2006)中华人民共和国建设部、中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布2006.
[36]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,赵剑明,刘启旺.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社、知识产权出版社,2005.
[37]杨果林.加筋土挡土结构动力特性研究.中南大学博士学位论文.2001.
[38]周世良.格栅加筋土挡墙结构特性及破坏机理研究.重庆大学博士学位论文.2005.
[39]欧阳仲春.现代土工加筋技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1991.
[40]刘成宇.土力学(第二版)[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
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