大平矿水库下特厚煤层综放安全开采理论与测控技术研究
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摘要
大平煤矿坐落于辽宁省康平县境内,矿井总储量的49.4%处于三台子水库下。开采条件为8-16m的特厚煤层非常适合于综放开采。依据国家《煤矿安全规程》、《煤矿防治水规定》和《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》中的有关规定,在三台子水库Ⅰ类水体下进行开采时,必须查明垮落带和导水裂缝带高度,作为本区水体下开采的科学依据；应当留足防隔水煤(岩)柱,从而实现安全开采。因此研究综放开采覆岩破坏导水裂缝带高度、地表移动破坏规律、保护层厚度合理留设是水库下安全开采的重要依据,而实现矿井水情在线自动安全监测是水库下安全开采的重要保障。
论文针对大平煤矿特厚煤层综放开采条件,在四个单一工作面和一个联合工作面,通过采用钻孔冲洗液漏失量法、EH-4和纵横波地震物探方法现场探测煤层上覆岩层采动破坏状况。配合相似材料模型试验、数值模拟理论分析方法,综合研究特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏形式、特征,以及垮落带、导水裂缝带、离层带形成发展过程。依据实际观测数据建立了覆岩破坏导水裂缝带高度与采放高度的相关公式。依据大平煤矿特厚煤层综放开采特点,确定了保护层选取方法及防水安全煤岩柱留设方法。通过地表移动观测站观测地表移动变形及地表裂缝发育高度,为今后水库下工作面安全开采提供了科学的依据。
通过水情自动在线安全监测系统三年来的观测数据,分析地面库水、地下各含水层水、井下涌水量变化规律,为大平煤矿水库下安全开采提供了技术保障。
Daping Coal Mine is located in LiaoNing province Kangping County,49.4percents of its total reserves is under Santaizi reservoir. Thick coal seam between8-16meters is very suitable for fully mechanized mining. According to the national regulations in "Coal mine safety regulations","Prevention and control of coal mine water regulations" and "Setting up of coal pillar and coal mining under pressure regulations in building, water, railway and main laneway", the height of caving zone and cater flowing fractured zone must be found out before mining under case-I water in Santaizi reservoir, as a scientific basis of mining under water in this area. Water prevention coal (rock) pillar also should be setting up enough. So the height of overburden destruction water flowing fractured zone in fully mechanized mining, surface movement law of damage and reasonable setting up of protective layer thickness are the important parameters in safety mining under reservoir, and online automatic safety monitoring of mine water condition is the important safeguard in safety mining under reservoir.
Aimed at the thick coal seam condition of Daping Coal Mine, the mining overburden stratum damage condition on the spot is detected, at four single working face and one Joint working face, using the hole washing liquid leakage vector method, EH-4,seismic vertical and horizontal wave and other geophysical prospecting methods. Accompanied with Similar material model test and numerical simulation theoretical analysis method, the full-mechanized caving mining failure mode, feature, the forming and developing process of caving zone, water flowing fractured zone, abscission zone of thick coal seam are wholly studied. Based on the observed data, formulas on the height of overburden destruction water flowing fractured zone in fully mechanized mining and the mining and caving height of Daping Mine was established. Based on the features of thick coal seam overburden destruction of Daping Mine, the protective layer selection method and the unexploiting method of water prevention coal (rock) pillar are defined. A scientific basis for following under reservoir safety mining by observing surface deformation and earth surface fissures growth altitude is provided by using earth surface deformation observation station.
Using the three years observed data provided by on-line automatic safety monitoring of mine water condition, the change law of the ground water, underground aquifer water, water pouring amount in the pit is analyzed, and technical support for early warning in under reservoir safety mining of Daping Mine is provided.
论文针对大平煤矿特厚煤层综放开采条件,在四个单一工作面和一个联合工作面,通过采用钻孔冲洗液漏失量法、EH-4和纵横波地震物探方法现场探测煤层上覆岩层采动破坏状况。配合相似材料模型试验、数值模拟理论分析方法,综合研究特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏形式、特征,以及垮落带、导水裂缝带、离层带形成发展过程。依据实际观测数据建立了覆岩破坏导水裂缝带高度与采放高度的相关公式。依据大平煤矿特厚煤层综放开采特点,确定了保护层选取方法及防水安全煤岩柱留设方法。通过地表移动观测站观测地表移动变形及地表裂缝发育高度,为今后水库下工作面安全开采提供了科学的依据。
通过水情自动在线安全监测系统三年来的观测数据,分析地面库水、地下各含水层水、井下涌水量变化规律,为大平煤矿水库下安全开采提供了技术保障。
Daping Coal Mine is located in LiaoNing province Kangping County,49.4percents of its total reserves is under Santaizi reservoir. Thick coal seam between8-16meters is very suitable for fully mechanized mining. According to the national regulations in "Coal mine safety regulations","Prevention and control of coal mine water regulations" and "Setting up of coal pillar and coal mining under pressure regulations in building, water, railway and main laneway", the height of caving zone and cater flowing fractured zone must be found out before mining under case-I water in Santaizi reservoir, as a scientific basis of mining under water in this area. Water prevention coal (rock) pillar also should be setting up enough. So the height of overburden destruction water flowing fractured zone in fully mechanized mining, surface movement law of damage and reasonable setting up of protective layer thickness are the important parameters in safety mining under reservoir, and online automatic safety monitoring of mine water condition is the important safeguard in safety mining under reservoir.
Aimed at the thick coal seam condition of Daping Coal Mine, the mining overburden stratum damage condition on the spot is detected, at four single working face and one Joint working face, using the hole washing liquid leakage vector method, EH-4,seismic vertical and horizontal wave and other geophysical prospecting methods. Accompanied with Similar material model test and numerical simulation theoretical analysis method, the full-mechanized caving mining failure mode, feature, the forming and developing process of caving zone, water flowing fractured zone, abscission zone of thick coal seam are wholly studied. Based on the observed data, formulas on the height of overburden destruction water flowing fractured zone in fully mechanized mining and the mining and caving height of Daping Mine was established. Based on the features of thick coal seam overburden destruction of Daping Mine, the protective layer selection method and the unexploiting method of water prevention coal (rock) pillar are defined. A scientific basis for following under reservoir safety mining by observing surface deformation and earth surface fissures growth altitude is provided by using earth surface deformation observation station.
Using the three years observed data provided by on-line automatic safety monitoring of mine water condition, the change law of the ground water, underground aquifer water, water pouring amount in the pit is analyzed, and technical support for early warning in under reservoir safety mining of Daping Mine is provided.
引文
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