可识别潮流转移的广域后备保护及其控制策略研究
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摘要
随着我国电力需求的快速增长,西电东送、南北互供、全国联网工程的实施,一个超大规模的全国互联电网正在形成;并且,伴随着我国电力工业市场化的进程,各区域电网之间的功率交换将越来越频繁,输电线路的负担也日益加重。如果由于故障等因素,某些重负荷关键线路一旦被切除,随之引起的潮流转移与后备保护不合理动作的多米诺效应,很有可能引发连锁跳闸事件,甚至导致大停电事故,给社会和经济带来难以估量的损失。为此,论文将广域信息引入后备保护,研究能够识别潮流转移的广域后备保护新原理与预防连锁跳闸控制策略。
通过分析网络拓扑结构与参数对支路间潮流转移的影响,提出了能反映支路间潮流转移关系的潮流转移因子的数学描述与定义;分别推导并提出了在不计及支路对地导纳和计及支路对地导纳两种情况下潮流转移因子的矩阵计算公式,分析并归纳了潮流转移因子矩阵的基本特征;通过分析多支路切除时潮流转移的虚拟折返过程,推导并提出了多支路切除事件时潮流转移因子的计算公式,并证明了其正确性,建立了完备的潮流转移因子理论体系。
在潮流转移因子理论的基础上,针对支路切除后的电力系统暂态过程,分别提出了发生单支路与多支路切除事件时的潮流转移识别暂态算法,并构建了广域后备保护的实现方案。在分析节点注入电流变化引起支路电流变化对应关系的基础上,引入了网络相关度系数矩阵;提出了适用于系统暂态过程的支路电流计算方法与潮流转移识别算法。通过对网络相关度系数矩阵的分析,提出了潮流转移识别暂态算法中广域同步测量系统(WAMS)测点的选取原则。
针对潮流转移引起电网中支路过载的问题,分别提出了基于网络相关度系数的快速切机、切负荷控制策略和基于最优化方法的发电机、负荷调节控制策略。前者采取等量切机、切负荷控制方案,根据网络相关度系数矩阵,提出了最佳切机、切负荷控制点的选取原则,最佳切机、切负荷量的计算方法及控制策略流程;方案中控制量的计算简单、快速,同时不会引起电网中其它正常支路的过载,保证了快速控制措施的有效性。后者以负荷损失最小为目的,将最优化方法应用于发电机、负荷调节中;并提出了该最优化模型的简化方法和求解策略流程,从而大大缩短了最优解的搜索过程。这两种控制均利用WAMS的量测量作为控制的反馈信息,构成闭环控制方式,能够在保证控制成本和负荷损失最小的同时,达到根除因支路过载引起连锁跳闸的目的。
With the rapid growth of load demand and the execution of strategy we called“power transmitting from west to east, mutual complementary between north and south and national power grid interconnection”, a super large-scale nationwide power network is shaping in our country. Furthermore, with the deregulation of power industry, power flow exchanges occur more frequently among those interconnected power grids. Besides, the load of transmission lines is increasing. Once some key lines with heavy load condition are tripped after fault, cascading trips, even catastrophic blackout are possibly triggered for the domino offect of flow transferring and irrational activation of backup protection. This would result in enormous loss of society and economy. By introducing the wide area information into backup protection design, novel wide area backup protection and control system to prevent cascading trips is proposed in this dissertation.
Based on the impact of network topology and parameters on flow transferring between branches in the network, the mathematical description and definition of flow transferring relativity factor (FTRF) are presented, which can reflect the flow transferring relationships between branches in power network. The matrix calculation formulas of FTRF are separately deduced and proposed under the condition of phase-to-ground admittance in consideration or not. The characteristics of the FTRF are summarized as well. By analyzing refraction and reflection process of flow transferring, the calculation formula of FTRF for multi-branches chain removal event is deduced. Moreover, the calculation formula is proved according to the definition of FTRF. Therefore a sound FTRF theory frame is founded.
Based on FTRF theory, as the transient period after the condition of single branch removal or multi-branches removal event is concerned, the transient flow transferring identification algorithms are presented. Moreover, a wide area backup protection design scheme is also proposed separately. Based on the relationship of node injection currents and branch currents, network correlation coefficient matrix is introduced; and a wide area measurement system (WAMS) based flow transferring identification algorithm with limited measurement points to distinguish flow transferring in transient period is presented. The principle of measurement point selection is proposed based on analyzing the characteristic of network correlation coefficient.
In order to mitigate the overload caused by flow transferring, two kinds of controlstrategies are presented in this dissertation. One is fast generator tripping and load shedding control strategy based on network correlation coefficient; the other is generator and load adjustment control strategy based on optimization planning theory. The former adopts an equal-quantum generator tripping and load shedding control scheme. According to the characteristic of network correlation coefficient, the principle of control nodes selection of load shedding and generator tripping and the calculation method of control quantum are proposed. The algorithm of the former control strategy is simple and fast. At the same time, since the equal-quantum control scheme would not result in overload of other healthy branches, the validity of the control strategy is guarantied. The latter control strategy, which aims at minimizing the loss of load, applies optimization planning theory into generator and load adjustment. A novel simplified approach and solving strategy of the optimization model is proposed to speed the searching process. Both two kinds of control strategies integrate the on-line measurements of WAMS, and then can guaranty minimum control cost and eradicate cascading trips simultaneously.
通过分析网络拓扑结构与参数对支路间潮流转移的影响,提出了能反映支路间潮流转移关系的潮流转移因子的数学描述与定义;分别推导并提出了在不计及支路对地导纳和计及支路对地导纳两种情况下潮流转移因子的矩阵计算公式,分析并归纳了潮流转移因子矩阵的基本特征;通过分析多支路切除时潮流转移的虚拟折返过程,推导并提出了多支路切除事件时潮流转移因子的计算公式,并证明了其正确性,建立了完备的潮流转移因子理论体系。
在潮流转移因子理论的基础上,针对支路切除后的电力系统暂态过程,分别提出了发生单支路与多支路切除事件时的潮流转移识别暂态算法,并构建了广域后备保护的实现方案。在分析节点注入电流变化引起支路电流变化对应关系的基础上,引入了网络相关度系数矩阵;提出了适用于系统暂态过程的支路电流计算方法与潮流转移识别算法。通过对网络相关度系数矩阵的分析,提出了潮流转移识别暂态算法中广域同步测量系统(WAMS)测点的选取原则。
针对潮流转移引起电网中支路过载的问题,分别提出了基于网络相关度系数的快速切机、切负荷控制策略和基于最优化方法的发电机、负荷调节控制策略。前者采取等量切机、切负荷控制方案,根据网络相关度系数矩阵,提出了最佳切机、切负荷控制点的选取原则,最佳切机、切负荷量的计算方法及控制策略流程;方案中控制量的计算简单、快速,同时不会引起电网中其它正常支路的过载,保证了快速控制措施的有效性。后者以负荷损失最小为目的,将最优化方法应用于发电机、负荷调节中;并提出了该最优化模型的简化方法和求解策略流程,从而大大缩短了最优解的搜索过程。这两种控制均利用WAMS的量测量作为控制的反馈信息,构成闭环控制方式,能够在保证控制成本和负荷损失最小的同时,达到根除因支路过载引起连锁跳闸的目的。
With the rapid growth of load demand and the execution of strategy we called“power transmitting from west to east, mutual complementary between north and south and national power grid interconnection”, a super large-scale nationwide power network is shaping in our country. Furthermore, with the deregulation of power industry, power flow exchanges occur more frequently among those interconnected power grids. Besides, the load of transmission lines is increasing. Once some key lines with heavy load condition are tripped after fault, cascading trips, even catastrophic blackout are possibly triggered for the domino offect of flow transferring and irrational activation of backup protection. This would result in enormous loss of society and economy. By introducing the wide area information into backup protection design, novel wide area backup protection and control system to prevent cascading trips is proposed in this dissertation.
Based on the impact of network topology and parameters on flow transferring between branches in the network, the mathematical description and definition of flow transferring relativity factor (FTRF) are presented, which can reflect the flow transferring relationships between branches in power network. The matrix calculation formulas of FTRF are separately deduced and proposed under the condition of phase-to-ground admittance in consideration or not. The characteristics of the FTRF are summarized as well. By analyzing refraction and reflection process of flow transferring, the calculation formula of FTRF for multi-branches chain removal event is deduced. Moreover, the calculation formula is proved according to the definition of FTRF. Therefore a sound FTRF theory frame is founded.
Based on FTRF theory, as the transient period after the condition of single branch removal or multi-branches removal event is concerned, the transient flow transferring identification algorithms are presented. Moreover, a wide area backup protection design scheme is also proposed separately. Based on the relationship of node injection currents and branch currents, network correlation coefficient matrix is introduced; and a wide area measurement system (WAMS) based flow transferring identification algorithm with limited measurement points to distinguish flow transferring in transient period is presented. The principle of measurement point selection is proposed based on analyzing the characteristic of network correlation coefficient.
In order to mitigate the overload caused by flow transferring, two kinds of controlstrategies are presented in this dissertation. One is fast generator tripping and load shedding control strategy based on network correlation coefficient; the other is generator and load adjustment control strategy based on optimization planning theory. The former adopts an equal-quantum generator tripping and load shedding control scheme. According to the characteristic of network correlation coefficient, the principle of control nodes selection of load shedding and generator tripping and the calculation method of control quantum are proposed. The algorithm of the former control strategy is simple and fast. At the same time, since the equal-quantum control scheme would not result in overload of other healthy branches, the validity of the control strategy is guarantied. The latter control strategy, which aims at minimizing the loss of load, applies optimization planning theory into generator and load adjustment. A novel simplified approach and solving strategy of the optimization model is proposed to speed the searching process. Both two kinds of control strategies integrate the on-line measurements of WAMS, and then can guaranty minimum control cost and eradicate cascading trips simultaneously.
引文
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