基于静态安全域的大型互联电网在线安全监视方法研究
|
摘要
近年来,国内外相继发生了多起大规模停电事故,对人民的生产和生活造成了极大的影响,使得电网安全性问题的研究备受关注。事故发展过程中,若能快速、直观地了解当前运行点距离系统安全边界的距离,从整体上对系统的安全性做出判断,将对电网实时监控和运行状态评估具有重要的意义。安全域方法能有效解决上述问题,因此深入开展安全域方法的理论研究及实际应用,对电力系统安全运行具有重大意义。
本文在深入分析电力系统静态安全域基本理论和模型的基础之上,结合电力系统的实际需要,对静态安全域的实用化数学模型以及在安全监视和分析中的应用方法进行了研究,主要工作如下：
1.提出了体现系统运行风险的关键输电线路集动态搜索算法,并将其作为安全域的重点监视对象给予研究。针对传统割集断面无法充分考虑有功潮流方向和不便于处理非关键线路的问题,该方法搜索出的关键线路有效计及线路潮流裕度、线路开断对系统的影响程度以及连锁故障中潮流转移的特点,并随系统状态实时变化,更具监视和分析价值。
2.针对静态安全域全域形式高维难以实际应用的问题,提出了基于系统动态分区的实用化静态安全域模型。首先根据拓扑连通关系,提出了动态分区算法,保证分区间的联络线体现系统的运行风险；然后给出了基于分区降维的静态安全域数学模型,将状态变量由节点注入功率转换为区域间的输送功率,从而将高维安全域降成三维,通过监视运行点随发电节点注入功率调整的运动轨迹,分析系统安全状况的变化趋势。
3.提出了基于静态安全域的安全监视和评估方法及其可视化的实现方法。当安全域存在时,对其进行三维或二维可视化显示,并通过安全量化分析,用数值的方法求出在运行参数变化方向上系统运行点距离边界的安全裕度,突破了逐点法无法刻画电力系统整体安全性的局限,以帮助运行人员对系统安全状态做出正确判断,快速进行控制决策；当安全域不存在时,识别造成域消失的制约条件,为恢复安全域提供有用信息。
4.在前述理论和方法的基础上,完成了静态安全域分析及可视化系统的软件结构设计,并介绍各个模块的具体功能及协调工作情况,最后通过对IEEE39节点系统的仿真计算,验证了所提方法的合理性以及对运行监视和评估的重要性。
本论文将体现系统运行风险的关键输电线路作为安全域的重点监控对象,提出了基于系统动态分区、考虑负荷不确定性的静态安全域模型,并在三维或二维空间上实现可视化,给出系统的整体安全性测度；在此基础上,研究了基于静态安全域的电网在线安全监视和分析方法；最后提出了静态安全域分析及可视化系统的软件结构设计。该项研究在一定程度上满足了电力系统安全可观测性的要求,有助于运行人员对系统的安全状态做出正确判断。
In recent years, large-scale blackouts happen in succession worldwide which brings severe consequence to the industrial production and household life. Thus, more and more attention has been paid to the research on power network security issues. In the process of failure development, a fast and visual estimation of the distance between current operating point and security boundary is favorable to the power grid real-time monitoring and evaluation. The security region method can effectively solve these problems. Therefore it is necessary to deeply research on the theory and application of the security region method, which is of great significance on improving operation security of large-scale interconnected power network.
Based on the analysis of the general theory and model of steady-state security region, this thesis studies its practical mathematical model and application method on power system on-line security monitoring and analysis with the practical demand of power grid considered. The main research efforts are listed as follow:
1. A novel dynamic searching method of key transmission line-set is proposed. These lines, which reflect power system operation risk, are studied as the monitoring focus of the security region. The direction of line flow can not be fully considered using the traditional cut-set, while it isn't easy to deal with the problem of non-key transmission line. Therefore, the concept of key transmission line-set is introduced with the consideration of three factors such as line flow margin, the impact on the whole grid when line tripping and the characteristics of the transfer of power flow. These key transmission lines dynamically change with the system state, which are more favorable to the power grid real-time monitoring and evaluation.
2. The whole region model of steady-state security region has a high-dimensional form that is difficult for practical application, so a practical mathematical model of steady-state security region based on dynamic division technology is presented in this dissertation. Firstly, according to the network topology, a dynamic division method is proposed, which ensures that the area tie-lines reflect power system operation risk. Then the mathematical model based on security region dimensional reduction is constructed, which reduces the model from high dimensions to three dimensions. By monitoring the pathway of the operating point with the change of node power, the trend analysis of the security state can be performed.
3. The approaches of on-line security monitoring, security analysis and region visualization based on steady-state security region are proposed. The application study on steady-state security region is developed from two aspects. One is that when the security region exists, three-dimensional or two-dimensional visualization approach is proposed, and security margin between current operating point and security boundary is derived based on security quantitative analysis which breaks the limitation of point-by-point method that can not characterize the overall security of power system and helps to make the right judgments to the security state of power system. The other is that when the security region doesn't exist, the "bottlenecks" which cause the security region to disappear is identified, which provide useful information for the restoration of the security region.
4. Based on the above theories and methods, the software architecture of steady-state security region integrated analysis and visualization system is completed. Then the specific function of each module and their coordination are described. Finally, the reasonableness and validity of the proposed methods have been proven by the test results of the IEEE39-bus testing system, which is of great significance on the on-line security monitoring and evaluation.
In this dissertation, key transmission lines that reflect power system operation risk are regarded as the monitoring focus of the security region. Then the paper proposes the practical mathematical model of the steady-state security region based on dynamic division and consideration of load uncertainty and three-dimensional or two-dimensional visualization approach that gives the system overall security estimation. And the on-line security monitoring and analysis approaches based on the steady-state security are developed. Finally, the integrated analysis and visualization system software architecture design of the steady-state security region is completed. The study is to some extent to meet observability requirements for the power system security, which helps operating personnel make the right judgments to the security state of power system.
本文在深入分析电力系统静态安全域基本理论和模型的基础之上,结合电力系统的实际需要,对静态安全域的实用化数学模型以及在安全监视和分析中的应用方法进行了研究,主要工作如下：
1.提出了体现系统运行风险的关键输电线路集动态搜索算法,并将其作为安全域的重点监视对象给予研究。针对传统割集断面无法充分考虑有功潮流方向和不便于处理非关键线路的问题,该方法搜索出的关键线路有效计及线路潮流裕度、线路开断对系统的影响程度以及连锁故障中潮流转移的特点,并随系统状态实时变化,更具监视和分析价值。
2.针对静态安全域全域形式高维难以实际应用的问题,提出了基于系统动态分区的实用化静态安全域模型。首先根据拓扑连通关系,提出了动态分区算法,保证分区间的联络线体现系统的运行风险；然后给出了基于分区降维的静态安全域数学模型,将状态变量由节点注入功率转换为区域间的输送功率,从而将高维安全域降成三维,通过监视运行点随发电节点注入功率调整的运动轨迹,分析系统安全状况的变化趋势。
3.提出了基于静态安全域的安全监视和评估方法及其可视化的实现方法。当安全域存在时,对其进行三维或二维可视化显示,并通过安全量化分析,用数值的方法求出在运行参数变化方向上系统运行点距离边界的安全裕度,突破了逐点法无法刻画电力系统整体安全性的局限,以帮助运行人员对系统安全状态做出正确判断,快速进行控制决策；当安全域不存在时,识别造成域消失的制约条件,为恢复安全域提供有用信息。
4.在前述理论和方法的基础上,完成了静态安全域分析及可视化系统的软件结构设计,并介绍各个模块的具体功能及协调工作情况,最后通过对IEEE39节点系统的仿真计算,验证了所提方法的合理性以及对运行监视和评估的重要性。
本论文将体现系统运行风险的关键输电线路作为安全域的重点监控对象,提出了基于系统动态分区、考虑负荷不确定性的静态安全域模型,并在三维或二维空间上实现可视化,给出系统的整体安全性测度；在此基础上,研究了基于静态安全域的电网在线安全监视和分析方法；最后提出了静态安全域分析及可视化系统的软件结构设计。该项研究在一定程度上满足了电力系统安全可观测性的要求,有助于运行人员对系统的安全状态做出正确判断。
In recent years, large-scale blackouts happen in succession worldwide which brings severe consequence to the industrial production and household life. Thus, more and more attention has been paid to the research on power network security issues. In the process of failure development, a fast and visual estimation of the distance between current operating point and security boundary is favorable to the power grid real-time monitoring and evaluation. The security region method can effectively solve these problems. Therefore it is necessary to deeply research on the theory and application of the security region method, which is of great significance on improving operation security of large-scale interconnected power network.
Based on the analysis of the general theory and model of steady-state security region, this thesis studies its practical mathematical model and application method on power system on-line security monitoring and analysis with the practical demand of power grid considered. The main research efforts are listed as follow:
1. A novel dynamic searching method of key transmission line-set is proposed. These lines, which reflect power system operation risk, are studied as the monitoring focus of the security region. The direction of line flow can not be fully considered using the traditional cut-set, while it isn't easy to deal with the problem of non-key transmission line. Therefore, the concept of key transmission line-set is introduced with the consideration of three factors such as line flow margin, the impact on the whole grid when line tripping and the characteristics of the transfer of power flow. These key transmission lines dynamically change with the system state, which are more favorable to the power grid real-time monitoring and evaluation.
2. The whole region model of steady-state security region has a high-dimensional form that is difficult for practical application, so a practical mathematical model of steady-state security region based on dynamic division technology is presented in this dissertation. Firstly, according to the network topology, a dynamic division method is proposed, which ensures that the area tie-lines reflect power system operation risk. Then the mathematical model based on security region dimensional reduction is constructed, which reduces the model from high dimensions to three dimensions. By monitoring the pathway of the operating point with the change of node power, the trend analysis of the security state can be performed.
3. The approaches of on-line security monitoring, security analysis and region visualization based on steady-state security region are proposed. The application study on steady-state security region is developed from two aspects. One is that when the security region exists, three-dimensional or two-dimensional visualization approach is proposed, and security margin between current operating point and security boundary is derived based on security quantitative analysis which breaks the limitation of point-by-point method that can not characterize the overall security of power system and helps to make the right judgments to the security state of power system. The other is that when the security region doesn't exist, the "bottlenecks" which cause the security region to disappear is identified, which provide useful information for the restoration of the security region.
4. Based on the above theories and methods, the software architecture of steady-state security region integrated analysis and visualization system is completed. Then the specific function of each module and their coordination are described. Finally, the reasonableness and validity of the proposed methods have been proven by the test results of the IEEE39-bus testing system, which is of great significance on the on-line security monitoring and evaluation.
In this dissertation, key transmission lines that reflect power system operation risk are regarded as the monitoring focus of the security region. Then the paper proposes the practical mathematical model of the steady-state security region based on dynamic division and consideration of load uncertainty and three-dimensional or two-dimensional visualization approach that gives the system overall security estimation. And the on-line security monitoring and analysis approaches based on the steady-state security are developed. Finally, the integrated analysis and visualization system software architecture design of the steady-state security region is completed. The study is to some extent to meet observability requirements for the power system security, which helps operating personnel make the right judgments to the security state of power system.
引文
[1]余贻鑫,陈礼仪.电力系统的安全性和稳定性.科学出版社,北京,1988
[2]余贻鑫,王成山.电力系统稳定性理论与方法.科学出版社,北京,1999
[3]余贻鑫.电力系统安全域方法研究述评.天津大学学报,2008,41(6)：635-646
[4]吴际舜.电力系统静态安全分析.上海交通大学出版社,1985
[5]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.电力系统动态安全域的研究.电力系统及其自动化学报,1990,2(1)：11-21
[6]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.利用拟合技术决定使用电力系统动态安全域.中国电机工程学报,1990,10(增刊)：22-28
[7]侯科峰,余贻鑫.电力系统使用动态安全域的降维与还原.电力系统自动化,2004,28(23)：16-21
[8]冯飞,余贻鑫.电力系统功率注入空间的动态安全域.中国电机工程学报,1993,13(3)：14-22
[9]Y. X. Yu, F. Feng. A Study on Dynamic Security Regions of Power System. Proceedings of International Conference on PES, Beijing China,1991
[10]余贻鑫,曾沅,冯飞.电力系统注入空间动态安全域的微分拓扑特征.中国科学(E辑),2002,32(4)：503-504
[11]丁剑,白晓民,赵伟,等.基于复杂事件处理技术的电网故障信息分析及诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(28)：40-45
[12]赵伟,白晓民,丁剑,方竹,李再华.基于协同式专家系统及多智能体技术的电网故障诊断方法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20)：1-8
[13]曹一家,韩祯祥.复杂电网连锁故障模型评述[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(13)：1-9
[14]毕天妹,倪以信,吴复立,等.基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002年2月
[15]周子冠,白晓民,李文锋,等。基于广域量测系统的电网故障在线智能化诊断与分析方法[J]。中国电机工程学报,2009,29(13)：1-7
[16]周子冠,白晓民,李再华,等。基于知识网格技术的智能输电网故障诊断方法[J]。中国电机工程学报
[17]周子冠,白晓民,李再华,等。大型互联电网连锁故障综合诊断分析系统[C]。大型互联电网运行可靠性基础研究(Ⅱ)论文集,2008年5月,北京
[18]王文平.电力系统动态诊断研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2005
[19]赵伟.电力系统多区域复杂故障诊断的研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2006
[20]丁剑.电力系统连锁故障过程中的诊断及分析方法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2007
[21]李再华.大型电网在线故障诊断的算法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2009
[22]周子冠.电网多数据源在线诊断方法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2009
[23]F. D. Galiana. Analytic Properties of the Load Flow Problem. Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. Special Session on Power Syst., pp:802-816
[24]F. D. Galiana, K. Lee. On the steady Stability of Power system. Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference,1977, pp:201-210
[25]I. Jarjis, F. D. Galiana. Quantitative Analysis of Steady State Stability in Power Networks. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems,1981,100(1): 318-326
[26]E. Hnyilicza, et al. Steady-state security regions:set-theoretic approach. Proc. 1975 PICA Conf.,1975:347-355
[27]J. A. DeMaio and R. Fischl. Fast identification of the steady-state security regions for power system security enhancement. Paper A 76 076-0, IEEE PES Winter Meeting,1976
[28]R. Fischl, et al. Identification of power system steady-state security regions under load uncertainty. Paper A 76 495-2, IEEE PES Summer Meeting,1976
[29]J. Mescua and M. Daneshdoost. A linear programming method for identifying secure sets of power generations and voltages. IEEE Canada Communication Conf., pp:42-45,1980
[30]R. Fischl, et al. On the design of transmission networks:maximization of operating flexibility. Proc. Of ISCAS, pp:764-767,1981
[31]R. Fischl, et al. Statistical power transmissioni network design. IEEE Trans. Vol. CAS-29, No.10, pp:679-687,1982
[32]F. F. Wu and Kumagai. Limits on power injections for security-constrained power flows. Proc. Of ISCAS, pp:1509-1512,1981
[33]F. F. Wu and Kumagai. Steady-state security regions of power systems. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, Vol.CAS-29,1982:117-139
[34]Yu Yixin, Feng Fei. Active Power Steady-State Security Regions of Power Systems. Science in China,1990, Series A:664-672
[35]余贻鑫,林济铿.电力系统动态安全域边界的实用解析表示.天津大学学报,1997,30(1)：1-8
[36]林济铿,余贻鑫.基于混合决策树——人工神经网络的电力系统动态安全评价.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(6)：378-383
[37]Y. Zeng, Y. X. Yu. A Practical Direct Method for Determining Dynamic Security Regions of Electrical Power System. Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon 2002), Kunming, China, Oct.2002:1270-1274
[38]J. C. Fan, Y X. Yu. A Study on Power Transfer Limit of a Critical Cutset. Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon 2002), Kunming, China, Oct.2002:47-50
[39]Yixin Yu, Yuan Zeng, Chunhua Huang, Stephen T. Lee, Pei Zhang. A Practical Direct Method for Determining Dynamic Security Regions of Electrical Power Systems by Power Perturbation Analysis, International Conference on Electrical Enginering 2004, July,4-8,2004, Sapporo, Japan, No:OB5-5
[40]方竹.基于静态安全域的电网在线安全监视方法与实现研究.中国电力科学研究院硕士学位论文,2007
[41]延发龙.电力系统静态安全域及其在线应用的研究.清华大学博士学位论文,1989
[42]印永华,郭剑波,赵建军.美加“8.14”大停电事故初步分析以及应吸取的教训.电网技术,2003,27(10)：8-11
[43]胡学浩.美加联合电网大面积停电事故的反思启示.电网技术,2003,27(9)：T2-T6
[44]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施.电网技术,2004,28(9)：1-6
[45]李再华,白晓民,丁剑.西欧大停电事故分析.电力系统自动化,2007,31(1)：1-3
[46]Novosel D, Begovic M, Mandani V. Shedding light on blackout. IEEE Power&Energy,2003,2(1):32-43
[47]王锡凡.电力市场条件下电网的安全保证体系.电网技术,2004,28(9)：7-13
[48]张保会.加强继电保护与紧急控制系统的研究提高互联电网安全防御能力.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(7)：1-6
[49]张保会.广域动态条件下电网安全紧急控制的研究.电力自动化设备,2005,25(8)：1-8
[50]周德才,张保会,姚峰.基于图论的输电断面快速搜索.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12)：32-38
[51]余晓丹,贾宏杰,陈建华.电力系统连锁故障预测初探.电网技术,2006,30(13)：20-25
[52]卢锦玲,陈媛,朱永利.基于输电线路过负荷特性的连锁事件识别.华北电力大学学报,2007,34(5)：27-31
[53]张玮,潘贞存,舒安杰.一种基于线路相关集的事故预警系统.电力自动化设备,2007,27(9)：17-21
[54]Berzeiss A T, Data structures:theory and practice, vol.Ⅱ. New York:Academic Press,1975
[55]Li Xiaojun, Bai Xiaomin, Zhou Ziguan. A Novel On-line Searching Approach of Key Transmission Line-set. ICEE2009, Shenyang, China
[56]C. C. Liu. A new method for construction of maximal steady-state regions of power systems. IEEE Trans PWRS, Vol.4,1986:19-27
[57]曾小俊.电力大系统静态响应安全域及其在线实现.天津大学硕士学位论文,2003
[58]谢永胜,孙洪波,罗春雷.基于模糊负荷的可伸缩有功静态安全域.电力系统自动化,1996,20(6)：30-33
[59]吴杰康,李佳宇,张琳.电力市场中基于模糊负荷的实用有功静态安全域.电工技术学报,2005,20(6)：66-72
[60]谢永胜,孙洪波,罗春雷.基于随机与模糊负荷的可伸缩有功静态安全域.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(4)：11-15
[61]朱继忠,徐国禹.网络模糊理论在有功静态安全域中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,1994,6(3)：23-32
[62]范荣全,朱继忠,徐国禹.预计负荷变化时N及N-1有功静态安全域计算,电力系统及其自动化学报,1994,6（4)：39-46
[63]Stephen T. Lee. Community Activity Room as a New Tool for Transmission Operation and Planning Under A Competitive Power Market. IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, June 23-26, Bologna, Italy
[64]Stephen T. Lee. Probabilistic online risk assessment of non-cascading and cascading transmission outage contingencies. Euro. Trans. Electr. Power(2008)
[65]Stephen T. Lee. A New Vision for Transmission Operation and Planning Under An Open Power Market. IEEE 2008
[66]邱家驹,钱源平,刘艳.基于地理信息系统的电力系统静态安全分析可视化方法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5)
[67]杨延滨,余贻鑫,曾沅.实用动态安全域降维可视化方法.电力系统自动化,2005,29(12)
[68]李慧玲,余贻鑫,韩琪.割集功率空间上静态电压稳定域的实用边界.电力系统自动化,2005,29(4)
[69]牛犇,余贻鑫,贾宏杰.静态电压稳定域的三维可视化技术.电网技术,2005,29(7)
[70]李响,郭志忠.N-1静态安全潮流约束下的输电断面有功潮流控制.电网技术,2005,29(3)：29-32
[71]王成山,许晓菲,余贻鑫.基于割集功率空间上的静态电压稳定域局部可视化方法.中国电机工程学报.2004,24(9)：13-18
[72]姚峰,张保会,周德才.输电断面有功安全性保护及其快速算法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13)：31-36
[73]张保会,姚峰,周德才.输电断面安全性保护及其关键技术研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(21)：1-7
[74]张伯明,陈寿孙.高等电力网络分析.清华大学出版社,1996
[2]余贻鑫,王成山.电力系统稳定性理论与方法.科学出版社,北京,1999
[3]余贻鑫.电力系统安全域方法研究述评.天津大学学报,2008,41(6)：635-646
[4]吴际舜.电力系统静态安全分析.上海交通大学出版社,1985
[5]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.电力系统动态安全域的研究.电力系统及其自动化学报,1990,2(1)：11-21
[6]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.利用拟合技术决定使用电力系统动态安全域.中国电机工程学报,1990,10(增刊)：22-28
[7]侯科峰,余贻鑫.电力系统使用动态安全域的降维与还原.电力系统自动化,2004,28(23)：16-21
[8]冯飞,余贻鑫.电力系统功率注入空间的动态安全域.中国电机工程学报,1993,13(3)：14-22
[9]Y. X. Yu, F. Feng. A Study on Dynamic Security Regions of Power System. Proceedings of International Conference on PES, Beijing China,1991
[10]余贻鑫,曾沅,冯飞.电力系统注入空间动态安全域的微分拓扑特征.中国科学(E辑),2002,32(4)：503-504
[11]丁剑,白晓民,赵伟,等.基于复杂事件处理技术的电网故障信息分析及诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(28)：40-45
[12]赵伟,白晓民,丁剑,方竹,李再华.基于协同式专家系统及多智能体技术的电网故障诊断方法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20)：1-8
[13]曹一家,韩祯祥.复杂电网连锁故障模型评述[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(13)：1-9
[14]毕天妹,倪以信,吴复立,等.基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002年2月
[15]周子冠,白晓民,李文锋,等。基于广域量测系统的电网故障在线智能化诊断与分析方法[J]。中国电机工程学报,2009,29(13)：1-7
[16]周子冠,白晓民,李再华,等。基于知识网格技术的智能输电网故障诊断方法[J]。中国电机工程学报
[17]周子冠,白晓民,李再华,等。大型互联电网连锁故障综合诊断分析系统[C]。大型互联电网运行可靠性基础研究(Ⅱ)论文集,2008年5月,北京
[18]王文平.电力系统动态诊断研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2005
[19]赵伟.电力系统多区域复杂故障诊断的研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2006
[20]丁剑.电力系统连锁故障过程中的诊断及分析方法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2007
[21]李再华.大型电网在线故障诊断的算法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2009
[22]周子冠.电网多数据源在线诊断方法研究[D]。中国电力科学研究院,2009
[23]F. D. Galiana. Analytic Properties of the Load Flow Problem. Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. Special Session on Power Syst., pp:802-816
[24]F. D. Galiana, K. Lee. On the steady Stability of Power system. Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference,1977, pp:201-210
[25]I. Jarjis, F. D. Galiana. Quantitative Analysis of Steady State Stability in Power Networks. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems,1981,100(1): 318-326
[26]E. Hnyilicza, et al. Steady-state security regions:set-theoretic approach. Proc. 1975 PICA Conf.,1975:347-355
[27]J. A. DeMaio and R. Fischl. Fast identification of the steady-state security regions for power system security enhancement. Paper A 76 076-0, IEEE PES Winter Meeting,1976
[28]R. Fischl, et al. Identification of power system steady-state security regions under load uncertainty. Paper A 76 495-2, IEEE PES Summer Meeting,1976
[29]J. Mescua and M. Daneshdoost. A linear programming method for identifying secure sets of power generations and voltages. IEEE Canada Communication Conf., pp:42-45,1980
[30]R. Fischl, et al. On the design of transmission networks:maximization of operating flexibility. Proc. Of ISCAS, pp:764-767,1981
[31]R. Fischl, et al. Statistical power transmissioni network design. IEEE Trans. Vol. CAS-29, No.10, pp:679-687,1982
[32]F. F. Wu and Kumagai. Limits on power injections for security-constrained power flows. Proc. Of ISCAS, pp:1509-1512,1981
[33]F. F. Wu and Kumagai. Steady-state security regions of power systems. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, Vol.CAS-29,1982:117-139
[34]Yu Yixin, Feng Fei. Active Power Steady-State Security Regions of Power Systems. Science in China,1990, Series A:664-672
[35]余贻鑫,林济铿.电力系统动态安全域边界的实用解析表示.天津大学学报,1997,30(1)：1-8
[36]林济铿,余贻鑫.基于混合决策树——人工神经网络的电力系统动态安全评价.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(6)：378-383
[37]Y. Zeng, Y. X. Yu. A Practical Direct Method for Determining Dynamic Security Regions of Electrical Power System. Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon 2002), Kunming, China, Oct.2002:1270-1274
[38]J. C. Fan, Y X. Yu. A Study on Power Transfer Limit of a Critical Cutset. Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon 2002), Kunming, China, Oct.2002:47-50
[39]Yixin Yu, Yuan Zeng, Chunhua Huang, Stephen T. Lee, Pei Zhang. A Practical Direct Method for Determining Dynamic Security Regions of Electrical Power Systems by Power Perturbation Analysis, International Conference on Electrical Enginering 2004, July,4-8,2004, Sapporo, Japan, No:OB5-5
[40]方竹.基于静态安全域的电网在线安全监视方法与实现研究.中国电力科学研究院硕士学位论文,2007
[41]延发龙.电力系统静态安全域及其在线应用的研究.清华大学博士学位论文,1989
[42]印永华,郭剑波,赵建军.美加“8.14”大停电事故初步分析以及应吸取的教训.电网技术,2003,27(10)：8-11
[43]胡学浩.美加联合电网大面积停电事故的反思启示.电网技术,2003,27(9)：T2-T6
[44]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施.电网技术,2004,28(9)：1-6
[45]李再华,白晓民,丁剑.西欧大停电事故分析.电力系统自动化,2007,31(1)：1-3
[46]Novosel D, Begovic M, Mandani V. Shedding light on blackout. IEEE Power&Energy,2003,2(1):32-43
[47]王锡凡.电力市场条件下电网的安全保证体系.电网技术,2004,28(9)：7-13
[48]张保会.加强继电保护与紧急控制系统的研究提高互联电网安全防御能力.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(7)：1-6
[49]张保会.广域动态条件下电网安全紧急控制的研究.电力自动化设备,2005,25(8)：1-8
[50]周德才,张保会,姚峰.基于图论的输电断面快速搜索.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12)：32-38
[51]余晓丹,贾宏杰,陈建华.电力系统连锁故障预测初探.电网技术,2006,30(13)：20-25
[52]卢锦玲,陈媛,朱永利.基于输电线路过负荷特性的连锁事件识别.华北电力大学学报,2007,34(5)：27-31
[53]张玮,潘贞存,舒安杰.一种基于线路相关集的事故预警系统.电力自动化设备,2007,27(9)：17-21
[54]Berzeiss A T, Data structures:theory and practice, vol.Ⅱ. New York:Academic Press,1975
[55]Li Xiaojun, Bai Xiaomin, Zhou Ziguan. A Novel On-line Searching Approach of Key Transmission Line-set. ICEE2009, Shenyang, China
[56]C. C. Liu. A new method for construction of maximal steady-state regions of power systems. IEEE Trans PWRS, Vol.4,1986:19-27
[57]曾小俊.电力大系统静态响应安全域及其在线实现.天津大学硕士学位论文,2003
[58]谢永胜,孙洪波,罗春雷.基于模糊负荷的可伸缩有功静态安全域.电力系统自动化,1996,20(6)：30-33
[59]吴杰康,李佳宇,张琳.电力市场中基于模糊负荷的实用有功静态安全域.电工技术学报,2005,20(6)：66-72
[60]谢永胜,孙洪波,罗春雷.基于随机与模糊负荷的可伸缩有功静态安全域.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(4)：11-15
[61]朱继忠,徐国禹.网络模糊理论在有功静态安全域中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,1994,6(3)：23-32
[62]范荣全,朱继忠,徐国禹.预计负荷变化时N及N-1有功静态安全域计算,电力系统及其自动化学报,1994,6（4)：39-46
[63]Stephen T. Lee. Community Activity Room as a New Tool for Transmission Operation and Planning Under A Competitive Power Market. IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, June 23-26, Bologna, Italy
[64]Stephen T. Lee. Probabilistic online risk assessment of non-cascading and cascading transmission outage contingencies. Euro. Trans. Electr. Power(2008)
[65]Stephen T. Lee. A New Vision for Transmission Operation and Planning Under An Open Power Market. IEEE 2008
[66]邱家驹,钱源平,刘艳.基于地理信息系统的电力系统静态安全分析可视化方法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5)
[67]杨延滨,余贻鑫,曾沅.实用动态安全域降维可视化方法.电力系统自动化,2005,29(12)
[68]李慧玲,余贻鑫,韩琪.割集功率空间上静态电压稳定域的实用边界.电力系统自动化,2005,29(4)
[69]牛犇,余贻鑫,贾宏杰.静态电压稳定域的三维可视化技术.电网技术,2005,29(7)
[70]李响,郭志忠.N-1静态安全潮流约束下的输电断面有功潮流控制.电网技术,2005,29(3)：29-32
[71]王成山,许晓菲,余贻鑫.基于割集功率空间上的静态电压稳定域局部可视化方法.中国电机工程学报.2004,24(9)：13-18
[72]姚峰,张保会,周德才.输电断面有功安全性保护及其快速算法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13)：31-36
[73]张保会,姚峰,周德才.输电断面安全性保护及其关键技术研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(21)：1-7
[74]张伯明,陈寿孙.高等电力网络分析.清华大学出版社,1996