论澳门土生文学的文化身份
摘要
土生葡人是澳門社會的一個特殊的族群,他們是“不同種族的產物,並一直延續了幾個世紀”,被看作“兩個文化歷時幾個世紀對話的產物”,是“中國以及整個東南亞沿海一带長期以來互相接觸和影響經過一個沉澱過程的產物”,因而是澳門社會的一大特色。這些人生於斯,長於斯,對澳門這塊土地有深厚的感情和切不斷的聯系。由於他們是中葡文化的天然繼承著,他們之中大都也是葡中血緣親和的產物,因此他們的生活方式、思想感情、價值觀念都带有這種“混血文化”影響的結果,這為他們對生存空間的審視和對社會人生體驗提供了特殊的視角和條件。在這一族群中產生的文學作品,便充份顯示了這些特點。
然而由於土生葡人複雜的歷史和雙文化背景,土生作家的作品中常常面對的是他們的身份認同尤其是文化身份的問題,這些問題廣泛地涉及了歷史、文化、語言、種族等最能凸現文化身份的諸方面。本論文試圖對這一文學現象中所呈現的深刻而錯綜複雜的文化身份問題進行理論的闡述,提高並深化對澳門土生文學的研究,為澳門文學整體的文化身份研究提供一種參照,也為當前文學界文化身份的研究,提供一個範本。
論文的緒論部份對土生葡人作出界定,並對文化身份這一概念進行理論的闡述。
第一章 對土生葡人这一特殊族群錯綜複雜的歷史起源問題進行梳理,並論述有關土生文學產生、發展的文化背景。
第二章 介紹土生文學重要的作家與作品。共分兩部份:第一部份根據葡人學者巴塔亞的重要资料,介紹二十世紀以前的土生文學概況;第二部份介紹二十世紀以後的重要作家與作品,並對該部份的作家、作品進行評析。
第三章 對土生文學中出現的“美麗蛋家女”這一獨特現象進行分析和探討,通過tancareira這個“中葡結合”具有象徵意義的詞語,揭示兩個海洋文化的相遇和契合,凸現土生葡人對遙遠的華人祖母的認同,並根據最新掌握的重要资料,證實
The Macanese is a special group in Macao society . It is "the product of different races, which has continued for several centuries" . It has been called "the product of the dialogue of the two cultures which lasted for several centuries", it is also the "product of the contact and influence between China and the coastal Southeast which has gone through a sedimentary process". Therefore it is one of the biggest characteristics in Macao. The people of the group were born in Macao and grew up in Macao, they have deep feelings and a relationship unable to cut with the place. As they are the natural successors of the Chinese and Portuguese cultures (most of them are the result of the mixed blood of the two nations), their way of life, their thinking and feelings and view of the value have all resulted from the influence of the mixed culture, which has provided a special angle of view to look closely at the living space and the society. The works of the literature from this group has fully demonstrated the this unique feature .As the Macanese has the complicated history and the background of double culture, the writers from this group often confront the problem of their identity especially their cultural identity which widely relates to history, culture, language and race etc. This dissertation tries to expound the deep and intricate problem of cultural identity which emerges in this special literary phenomena, deepening the research of Macanese literature, providing a consultation for the whole cultural identity studies of the Macao literature, as well as an example for the studies of cultural identity in current literary field.The introduction of this dissertation is about definition of Macanese literature and the concept of cultural identity.
The first chapter of the dissertation tries to run through the complicated problem of the origin of the special group and expound the cultural background that has produced and developed the Macanese literature.The second chapter will introduce the important writers and their works which are divided in two parts: the first part is about the survey of the Macanese literature before the 20th century based on the important data from Portuguese scholar Batalha ; the second part will introduce the important writers and their works after the 20th century.In the third chapter I am going to approach and analyze the special phenomena of "tancareira bela"(beautiful tancareira) which emerges in the Macanese writers' works. By the symbolic word "tancareira" which is a combination of Chinese and Portuguese, I am going to reveal the meeting and the agreement of the two oceanic cultures, protruding how the Macanese identify their remote Chinese grandmother I will also confirm the interrelation between the phenomena of "tancarera" in the Macanese literature and the historical reality with the material that I have found recently.The forth chapter is about linguistic phenomena of "patoa "(creol) in Macanese literature. By studying why the special language which is almost dying is still used to create literary woks, I will try to expound the symbolic meaning of this linguistic phenomena and how it works as a symbol of the cultural identity of the Macanese community.In the fifth chapter I will discuss the subject of "who am I?" which emerges in Macanese literature, including the affinity with Chinese culture , the identification with the location, the deep feeling of the Macanese writers shown in their works, and the difficult position of identifying themselves with the racial features.
The last part of the dissertation will prospect the developments and changes of the cultural identity of Macanese literature in the new historical period and refer to the meaning of study of the cultural identity in Macanese literature.
然而由於土生葡人複雜的歷史和雙文化背景,土生作家的作品中常常面對的是他們的身份認同尤其是文化身份的問題,這些問題廣泛地涉及了歷史、文化、語言、種族等最能凸現文化身份的諸方面。本論文試圖對這一文學現象中所呈現的深刻而錯綜複雜的文化身份問題進行理論的闡述,提高並深化對澳門土生文學的研究,為澳門文學整體的文化身份研究提供一種參照,也為當前文學界文化身份的研究,提供一個範本。
論文的緒論部份對土生葡人作出界定,並對文化身份這一概念進行理論的闡述。
第一章 對土生葡人这一特殊族群錯綜複雜的歷史起源問題進行梳理,並論述有關土生文學產生、發展的文化背景。
第二章 介紹土生文學重要的作家與作品。共分兩部份:第一部份根據葡人學者巴塔亞的重要资料,介紹二十世紀以前的土生文學概況;第二部份介紹二十世紀以後的重要作家與作品,並對該部份的作家、作品進行評析。
第三章 對土生文學中出現的“美麗蛋家女”這一獨特現象進行分析和探討,通過tancareira這個“中葡結合”具有象徵意義的詞語,揭示兩個海洋文化的相遇和契合,凸現土生葡人對遙遠的華人祖母的認同,並根據最新掌握的重要资料,證實
The Macanese is a special group in Macao society . It is "the product of different races, which has continued for several centuries" . It has been called "the product of the dialogue of the two cultures which lasted for several centuries", it is also the "product of the contact and influence between China and the coastal Southeast which has gone through a sedimentary process". Therefore it is one of the biggest characteristics in Macao. The people of the group were born in Macao and grew up in Macao, they have deep feelings and a relationship unable to cut with the place. As they are the natural successors of the Chinese and Portuguese cultures (most of them are the result of the mixed blood of the two nations), their way of life, their thinking and feelings and view of the value have all resulted from the influence of the mixed culture, which has provided a special angle of view to look closely at the living space and the society. The works of the literature from this group has fully demonstrated the this unique feature .As the Macanese has the complicated history and the background of double culture, the writers from this group often confront the problem of their identity especially their cultural identity which widely relates to history, culture, language and race etc. This dissertation tries to expound the deep and intricate problem of cultural identity which emerges in this special literary phenomena, deepening the research of Macanese literature, providing a consultation for the whole cultural identity studies of the Macao literature, as well as an example for the studies of cultural identity in current literary field.The introduction of this dissertation is about definition of Macanese literature and the concept of cultural identity.
The first chapter of the dissertation tries to run through the complicated problem of the origin of the special group and expound the cultural background that has produced and developed the Macanese literature.The second chapter will introduce the important writers and their works which are divided in two parts: the first part is about the survey of the Macanese literature before the 20th century based on the important data from Portuguese scholar Batalha ; the second part will introduce the important writers and their works after the 20th century.In the third chapter I am going to approach and analyze the special phenomena of "tancareira bela"(beautiful tancareira) which emerges in the Macanese writers' works. By the symbolic word "tancareira" which is a combination of Chinese and Portuguese, I am going to reveal the meeting and the agreement of the two oceanic cultures, protruding how the Macanese identify their remote Chinese grandmother I will also confirm the interrelation between the phenomena of "tancarera" in the Macanese literature and the historical reality with the material that I have found recently.The forth chapter is about linguistic phenomena of "patoa "(creol) in Macanese literature. By studying why the special language which is almost dying is still used to create literary woks, I will try to expound the symbolic meaning of this linguistic phenomena and how it works as a symbol of the cultural identity of the Macanese community.In the fifth chapter I will discuss the subject of "who am I?" which emerges in Macanese literature, including the affinity with Chinese culture , the identification with the location, the deep feeling of the Macanese writers shown in their works, and the difficult position of identifying themselves with the racial features.
The last part of the dissertation will prospect the developments and changes of the cultural identity of Macanese literature in the new historical period and refer to the meaning of study of the cultural identity in Macanese literature.
引文
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蔡源煌:《當代文化理論與實踐》,台北雅典出版社出版,199]年。
單德興 何文敬主编:《文化屬性與華裔美國文學》,台灣中央研究院歐美研究所出版,1994年。
陳清僑編《身份認同與公共文化》,牛津大學出版社出版,1997年。
鄧開頌等主编:《澳門歷史新說》,花山文藝出版社出版。
段寶林選編:《馬克思 恩格思 列寧 斯大林論民族文學》,中國民間文藝出版社出版,1990。
《跨文化對話》 上海文化出版社出版,2002年。
郭沬若:《我們研究民間文學的目的》,《民間文藝集刊》第一冊。
馮翰士、廖炳惠主編:《文學、認同、主體性》台北中華民國比較文學學會、東海大學外國語文學系出版,1996年。
簡瑛瑛主編:《認同差異主體性》,立緒文化事業有限公司出版,台北。
江道蓮著,姚金明譯:《旗袍》,澳門文化司署與花山文藝出版社出版,1996年。
飛歷奇著,喻慧娟譯:《大辮子的誘惑》,澳門文化司署與花山文藝出版社,]996年。
飛歷奇著,喻慧娟譯:《愛情與小腳趾》,澳門文化司署與花山文藝出版社出版,1994年。
郭濟修:《飛歷奇小說研究及其他》,澳門文化廣場出版,2002年。
廣東炎黃文化研究會編:《海洋文化論集》,廣東人民出版社,1997年。
黃漢強、吳志良主編:《澳門研究》,澳門基金會、澳門大學出版出版,1993年。
黃宣範:《語言、社會與族群意識》,臺北文鶴出版有限公司出版,1993年。
賈淵、陸浚梭:<颱風之鄉——澳門土生族群動態>,澳門文化司署出版,1995年。
劉登翰主编:《澳門文學概觀》,鷺江出版社出版,1998年。
李淑儀博士論文:《十六至二十世紀澳門葡語文學的探索與研究》,2000年。
《民間文學論壇》1982年第3期,中國民間文藝出版社出版,1982年。
曼威柯司特(Manuel CastellS) 著,夏鑄九、黄麗玲等譯:《認同的力量》,台北唐山出版社出版,2002年。
宋蜀華、白振聲:《民族學理論與方法》,中央民族大學出版社出版,1998年。
潘日明神父著,蘇勤譯:《殊途同歸——澳門的文化交融》,澳門文化司署出版,1992年。
陶家俊:《文化身份的嬗變——E。M。福斯特小說和思想研究》中國上海科學院出版,2003年。
汪春 譚美玲:《澳門土生文學》,澳門大學出版中心出版,200l。
王福祥、吳漢樱编:《文化與語言》 ,北京外語教學與研究出版社出版,1993年。
吳志良:《東西交匯看澳門》,澳門基金會出版,1996年。
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