澳门红树林及其保护研究
摘要
本研究采用线路踏查与样方调查相结合的方法,选择澳门半岛红树林区、凼仔红树林区、路环红树林区、路凼城生态保护区4个样地,调查了澳门红树林的物种组成及分布状况。结果如下:
1.共记录植物101种(含3变种),隶属于44科85属,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物41科82属98种(含3变种)。
2.澳门红树林共有8种真红树林植物,分别是卤蕨、老鼠簕、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌、桐花树/蜡烛果、海桑、无瓣海桑及木榄,其中以老鼠簕、桐花树/蜡烛果、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌最为常见;4种半红树植物,分别是黄槿、阔苞菊、水黄皮、海芒果;89种伴生植物,分属于39科73属,主要有鬼针草、芦苇、龙珠果、鱼藤、厚藤/马鞍藤等。
3.在4个样地中,以路凼城生态保护区的红树林面积最大,凼仔红树林区次之,澳门半岛红树林区和凼仔红树林区皆呈带状零星分布。路凼城生态保护区红树林面积约有2.25 ha,真红树植物的重要值依次为老鼠簕、桐花树/蜡烛果、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌、无瓣海桑、卤蕨、木榄、海桑。共有77种伴生植物,是澳门红树林伴生植物数量最多的,群落结构也最为稳定,除木本植物外,还有大量草本、藤本植物。
本研究较全面地揭示了澳门红树林区内的维管植物种类、分布状况及群落结构特征,并对澳门红树林的保护和管理提出了建议,研究结果为评估澳门潮间带红树林区的环境质量提供了科学依据,对于澳门红树林的保护及恢复重建具有重要的指导意义。
This research aims at studying the composition and distribution of mangroves in Macao.The multiple-plot method was used in the survey.The samples were taken from 4 sampling sites located in Macao peninsula,Taipa,Coloane,Ecological Reserve in Cotai.The main research results are as follows:
1.The mangrove has some vascular plants,consisted of 44 families,85 genera and 101 species.Among them,there are 2 families,2 genera and 2 pteridophytes species,1 families,1 genera and 1 gymnosperm species,and 41 families,82 genera and 98 Angiosperm species in the mangrove forests of Macao.
2.The mangrove of Macao consisted of 7 mangrove species.They are Acrostichum aureum、Acanthus ilicifolius、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Aegiceras corniculaturm、Sonneratia caseolaris、Sonneratia apetala、Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.Among them,Acanthus ilicifolius、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Aegiceras corniculaturm are common.4 semi-mangrove species(Hibiscus tiliaceus、Pluchea indica、Pongamia pinnata、Cerbera mangha) were recorded..Associated plants(mangrove associates) had 39 families,73 genera and 89 species,such as Bidens pilosa、Phragmites communis、Passiflora foetida、Derris trifolata、Derris trifolata、Ipomoea pes-caprae etc.
3.The Ecological Reserve in Cotai is the most widespread mangrove commuity with the largest area(2.25 ha),and followed by the mangrove in Taipa.The mangroves in Macao peninsula and Taipa are scattered in stripe shape. According the importance value of mangrove,the species order is Acanthus ilicifolius、Aegiceras corniculaturm、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Sonneratia apetala、Acrostichum aureum、Bruguiera gymnorrhiza、Sonneratia caseolaris.There are 77 associated plants (mangrove associates),most of them are distributed in Macao peninsula.The community distribution is also most stable.There are a lot of woody plants, herbal plants and vine plants.
The suggestion of the protection and management of mangroves in Macao was made.The results provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of the environmental quality in mangrove area,which is important guidance for the mangroves protection and restoration in Macao.
1.共记录植物101种(含3变种),隶属于44科85属,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物41科82属98种(含3变种)。
2.澳门红树林共有8种真红树林植物,分别是卤蕨、老鼠簕、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌、桐花树/蜡烛果、海桑、无瓣海桑及木榄,其中以老鼠簕、桐花树/蜡烛果、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌最为常见;4种半红树植物,分别是黄槿、阔苞菊、水黄皮、海芒果;89种伴生植物,分属于39科73属,主要有鬼针草、芦苇、龙珠果、鱼藤、厚藤/马鞍藤等。
3.在4个样地中,以路凼城生态保护区的红树林面积最大,凼仔红树林区次之,澳门半岛红树林区和凼仔红树林区皆呈带状零星分布。路凼城生态保护区红树林面积约有2.25 ha,真红树植物的重要值依次为老鼠簕、桐花树/蜡烛果、秋茄、白骨壤/海榄雌、无瓣海桑、卤蕨、木榄、海桑。共有77种伴生植物,是澳门红树林伴生植物数量最多的,群落结构也最为稳定,除木本植物外,还有大量草本、藤本植物。
本研究较全面地揭示了澳门红树林区内的维管植物种类、分布状况及群落结构特征,并对澳门红树林的保护和管理提出了建议,研究结果为评估澳门潮间带红树林区的环境质量提供了科学依据,对于澳门红树林的保护及恢复重建具有重要的指导意义。
This research aims at studying the composition and distribution of mangroves in Macao.The multiple-plot method was used in the survey.The samples were taken from 4 sampling sites located in Macao peninsula,Taipa,Coloane,Ecological Reserve in Cotai.The main research results are as follows:
1.The mangrove has some vascular plants,consisted of 44 families,85 genera and 101 species.Among them,there are 2 families,2 genera and 2 pteridophytes species,1 families,1 genera and 1 gymnosperm species,and 41 families,82 genera and 98 Angiosperm species in the mangrove forests of Macao.
2.The mangrove of Macao consisted of 7 mangrove species.They are Acrostichum aureum、Acanthus ilicifolius、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Aegiceras corniculaturm、Sonneratia caseolaris、Sonneratia apetala、Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.Among them,Acanthus ilicifolius、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Aegiceras corniculaturm are common.4 semi-mangrove species(Hibiscus tiliaceus、Pluchea indica、Pongamia pinnata、Cerbera mangha) were recorded..Associated plants(mangrove associates) had 39 families,73 genera and 89 species,such as Bidens pilosa、Phragmites communis、Passiflora foetida、Derris trifolata、Derris trifolata、Ipomoea pes-caprae etc.
3.The Ecological Reserve in Cotai is the most widespread mangrove commuity with the largest area(2.25 ha),and followed by the mangrove in Taipa.The mangroves in Macao peninsula and Taipa are scattered in stripe shape. According the importance value of mangrove,the species order is Acanthus ilicifolius、Aegiceras corniculaturm、Kandelia candel、Avicennia marina、Sonneratia apetala、Acrostichum aureum、Bruguiera gymnorrhiza、Sonneratia caseolaris.There are 77 associated plants (mangrove associates),most of them are distributed in Macao peninsula.The community distribution is also most stable.There are a lot of woody plants, herbal plants and vine plants.
The suggestion of the protection and management of mangroves in Macao was made.The results provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of the environmental quality in mangrove area,which is important guidance for the mangroves protection and restoration in Macao.
引文
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