激光冲击Fe-Ni合金残余应力场的数值模拟
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摘要
本文从激光冲击波诱导残余应力场的机理出发,对激光冲击强化Fe-Ni合金残余应力场进行了数值模拟,并对Fe-Ni合金进行了激光冲击强化的试验研究,主要取得了如下研究成果:
阐述了激光冲击波的形成机制,分析了约束模式下的Fabbro模型及其修正模型,根据弹塑性动力学、冲击波理论,探讨了激光冲击波的传播机理和材料在一维应变压缩下的本构关系。
结合材料在一维应变压缩下的本构关系分析了激光冲击波诱导残余应力场的形成过程,探讨了残余应力场的主要影响因素。
以ANSYS/LS-DYNA为平台,建立了激光冲击强化Fe-Ni合金的有限元分析模型,阐述了激光冲击强化数值模拟的有限元理论基础,讨论了建模过程中的几个关键问题,分析了模拟得到的冲击波的传播和残余应力场的分布情况,对激光冲击参数对残余应力场的影响进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明:在激光功率密度小于一定阀值时,表面残余压应力最大值随着激光功率密度增加而增加,超过阀值之后,表面残余压应力最大值减小,同时在激光功率密度增加的整个过程中,残余压应力层深度则是一直增加的;表面残余应力最大值和残余压应力层深度随着脉宽的增加而增加,增加脉宽对残余应力场在表面以及深度方向上均有一定程度的改善,特别是长脉宽的改善更为明显;通过增加光斑半径对残余压应力场的改善主要体现在表面残余应力场的改善上,而在深度方向上效果相对有限:多次连续冲击强化对残余应力场的改善不仅体现在峰值残余压应力的提高上,更体现在残余压应力层深度的增加上,可以通过增加冲击次数来改善残余应力场在表面和深度方向上的分布,特别是对后者的改善更为明显。
对Fe-Ni合金进行了激光冲击强化的试验研究,实验结果表明冲击区硬度平均值比基体部分提高了16%,冲击区发生了马氏体相变,产生了高密度胞状位错和孪晶,对比残余应力场的实验与数值模拟结果,两者取得了较好的一致。
Based on the mechanism of LSP inducing residual stress field, in this paper, the residual stress field of Fe-Ni alloy was simulated and then experimental research was made on LSP of Fe-Ni alloy. The main contents were as following:
The mechanism of laser shock wave was described. Fabbro model and its corrected model in the confined mode were analyzed. According to the theory of plastic-elasticity dynamics and the theory of shock wave, the constitutive equations of material were analyzed when laser shock wave propagated in material in one dimension strain compress.
Combined with the constitutive equations in one dimension strain compress , the forming processing of residual stress field induced by LSP was analyzed. Then the main influencing factors of residual stress field were analyzed, especially the shock parameter.
Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the FEA analysis model was founded, considering the finite element theory. Some key problems were discussed. The results of numerical simulation were analyzed. The effects of laser shock parameters on the residual stress field of Fe-Ni alloy were studied by numerical simulation, which indicated that:
The peak surface residual compressive stress increased as the laser power density increased when the laser power density was below a fixed value, and then decreased. At the same time, the depth of the residual compressive stress was increasing all the time. The maximum and the depth of the residual compressive stress increased as the laser pulse duration increased, which showed it could improve the residual compressive stress field by increasing the laser pulse duration. The simulated results also revealed that increasing the laser spot size could resulted in an increase in the maximum and the depth of the residual compressive stress, especially the latter.
Experimental research was made on LSP of Fe-Ni alloy, the results of the experiment were analyzed. The results indicated that the average microhardness of the shock zone of the samples increased by about 16%. The results also showed LSP induced martensitic transformation、cellular dislocation of high density and twin. In contrast with FEA and experimental data, the simulated data of residual stress field was well consistent with the experimental data.
阐述了激光冲击波的形成机制,分析了约束模式下的Fabbro模型及其修正模型,根据弹塑性动力学、冲击波理论,探讨了激光冲击波的传播机理和材料在一维应变压缩下的本构关系。
结合材料在一维应变压缩下的本构关系分析了激光冲击波诱导残余应力场的形成过程,探讨了残余应力场的主要影响因素。
以ANSYS/LS-DYNA为平台,建立了激光冲击强化Fe-Ni合金的有限元分析模型,阐述了激光冲击强化数值模拟的有限元理论基础,讨论了建模过程中的几个关键问题,分析了模拟得到的冲击波的传播和残余应力场的分布情况,对激光冲击参数对残余应力场的影响进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明:在激光功率密度小于一定阀值时,表面残余压应力最大值随着激光功率密度增加而增加,超过阀值之后,表面残余压应力最大值减小,同时在激光功率密度增加的整个过程中,残余压应力层深度则是一直增加的;表面残余应力最大值和残余压应力层深度随着脉宽的增加而增加,增加脉宽对残余应力场在表面以及深度方向上均有一定程度的改善,特别是长脉宽的改善更为明显;通过增加光斑半径对残余压应力场的改善主要体现在表面残余应力场的改善上,而在深度方向上效果相对有限:多次连续冲击强化对残余应力场的改善不仅体现在峰值残余压应力的提高上,更体现在残余压应力层深度的增加上,可以通过增加冲击次数来改善残余应力场在表面和深度方向上的分布,特别是对后者的改善更为明显。
对Fe-Ni合金进行了激光冲击强化的试验研究,实验结果表明冲击区硬度平均值比基体部分提高了16%,冲击区发生了马氏体相变,产生了高密度胞状位错和孪晶,对比残余应力场的实验与数值模拟结果,两者取得了较好的一致。
Based on the mechanism of LSP inducing residual stress field, in this paper, the residual stress field of Fe-Ni alloy was simulated and then experimental research was made on LSP of Fe-Ni alloy. The main contents were as following:
The mechanism of laser shock wave was described. Fabbro model and its corrected model in the confined mode were analyzed. According to the theory of plastic-elasticity dynamics and the theory of shock wave, the constitutive equations of material were analyzed when laser shock wave propagated in material in one dimension strain compress.
Combined with the constitutive equations in one dimension strain compress , the forming processing of residual stress field induced by LSP was analyzed. Then the main influencing factors of residual stress field were analyzed, especially the shock parameter.
Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the FEA analysis model was founded, considering the finite element theory. Some key problems were discussed. The results of numerical simulation were analyzed. The effects of laser shock parameters on the residual stress field of Fe-Ni alloy were studied by numerical simulation, which indicated that:
The peak surface residual compressive stress increased as the laser power density increased when the laser power density was below a fixed value, and then decreased. At the same time, the depth of the residual compressive stress was increasing all the time. The maximum and the depth of the residual compressive stress increased as the laser pulse duration increased, which showed it could improve the residual compressive stress field by increasing the laser pulse duration. The simulated results also revealed that increasing the laser spot size could resulted in an increase in the maximum and the depth of the residual compressive stress, especially the latter.
Experimental research was made on LSP of Fe-Ni alloy, the results of the experiment were analyzed. The results indicated that the average microhardness of the shock zone of the samples increased by about 16%. The results also showed LSP induced martensitic transformation、cellular dislocation of high density and twin. In contrast with FEA and experimental data, the simulated data of residual stress field was well consistent with the experimental data.
引文
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[4]White,R.M.Elastic Wave Generation by Electron Bombardment or Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.Journal of Applied Physics 1963 34:2123-2124
[5]Anderholm N.C.Bulletin of The American Physical Society 1968 13:388
[6]B.P.Fairand,B.A.Wilcox,et al.Laser shock-induced microstructural and mechanical property changes in 7075 aluminum Journal of Applied physics 1972 43(9):3893-3896.
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[8]A.H.Clauer,B.P.Fairland and B.A.Wlicox.Pulsed laser induce deformation in an Fe-3 Wt Pct Si alloy[J].Metallurgical TransactiomsA,1977 8A:119~125
[9]A.H.Clauer,B.P.Fairland and B.A.Wlicox.Laser shock Hardening of Weld zones in alloys[J].Metallurgical Transactioms,1977 8A:1871~1977
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[12]Shepard,Michael John Laser shock processing induced residual compression for improved damage tolerant design University of Dayton(Ph.D)2004
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[14]Clauer,A.H.,C.T.Walters,et al..The Effects of Laser Shock Processing on the Fatigue Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Lasers in Materials Processing Los Angels;Califomi a ASM International.1983
[15]Bates,William F,Jr.Laser shock processing of aluminum alloys[J].Highway Engineer Apr 18~20 1979:317~330
[16]P.Peyre,R.Fabbro,L Berthe,C.Dubouchet.Laser shock processing of materials,Physical Processing Involved and Examples of Applications[J].Journal of Laser Application,1996, 8:135-141
[17]Jean-Eric Masse,Gerard Barreau.Laser generation of stress waves in metal[J].Surface and Coating Technology,1995,70:231~235
[18]R.Fabbro,B.Faral et al.Physics of Fluids,1985,28:3414.
[19]R.Fabbro,J.Fournier et al.Physical study of laser produced plasma in confined geometry,Journal of Applied Physics.1990,68(2):775-784
[20]P.Peyre,R.Fabbro et al.Laser shock processing with small impacts.SPIE2789,1996:125-132
[21]邹世坤 激光冲击处理技术的最新发展《新技术新工艺》·热加工工艺技术与装备2005第4期:44-46
[22]邹世坤 激光冲击处理在航空工业中的应用 航空制造技术 2006第5期:36-38
[23]张永康 激光冲击强化产业化关键问题及应用前景 激光与光电子学进展 2007 44(3):74-77
[24]William Braisted Robert Brockman Finite element simulation of laser shock peening International Journal of Fatigue 1999:719~724
[25]J.L.Ocana~a etc.Numerical simulation of surface deformation and residual stresse fields in laser shock processing experiments 2004:242-248
[26]Kan Ding,Lin Ye Simulation of multiple laser shock peening of a 35CD4 steel alloy Journal of Materials Processing Technology 178 2006:178 162~169
[27]王飞,姚振强 激光冲击强化的数值模拟研究 应用激光 2005 25(5):309-312
[28]张银亮,张传福,湛菁等 铁镍合金粉末的制备及应用现状 四川有色金属 2007第1期:31-35
[29]AdvMater&Proc 1999 155(1):13
[30]周建忠.金属板料激光冲击成形加载机制及变形特性研究.江苏大学博士论文,2003.
[31]周南,乔登江.脉冲束辐照材料动力学.国防工业出版社 2002.
[32]王广龙 金属板料激光冲击成形研究.硕士学位论文.镇江:江苏大学,2005.
[33]朱文辉,李志勇,周光泉等.用PVDF实时测量激光诱导的冲击波压力.实验力学.1997,12(2):216-219.
[34]J.Z.Zhou,J.C.Yang,Y.K.Zhang etc.A study on super-speed forming of metal sheet by laser shock waves.Journal of Material Processing technology,2002,(6118):1-4.
[35]Hackel,Lioyd,Harris,Fritz.Contour Forming of Metals By Laser Peening.US Patent Number:WO01/05549A2,2002.6.25.
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