高功率光纤激光器理论及医学应用研究
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摘要
光纤激光器以其无与伦比的性能优势吸引了研究人员的兴趣和产业界的重视。本论文主要研究了利用激光加热基座法生长复合单晶光纤激光器和保偏大模场面积的光纤激光器,并利用它们设计了用于良性前列腺增生( benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的大功率磷酸氧钛钾(KTP)倍频激光器,使用这种器械的选择性激光前列腺切除术(photoselective vaporization of the prostate,PVP)将是非常有应用前景的。
介绍了光纤激光器研究的理论基础,包括光纤激光的物理原理,构造有源光纤的掺杂稀土元素(即或镧系元素)的原子结构、能级分布和光谱特性等内容;提出了光纤激光器的一个比较合理的分类方法,给出了其结构和典型的谐振腔的设计方法;重点阐述了掺杂稀土离子的双包层和光子晶体光纤激光器,这是当前获得高功率光纤激光的基础;介绍了基于光纤中非线性效应的受激拉曼散射(SRS)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)光纤激光器,光纤孤子激光器,超连续谱激光器和超快光纤激光器等各种在理论上和实践中都十分重要的光纤激光器;讨论了光放大器并给出了光纤激光器的速率方程;详细分析了光纤激光器在各领域中的应用,指出光纤激光器有着全面取代传统固体激光器和气体激光器的潜力,但真正做到这一点尚需时日,同时它们还可能面临来自半导体激光器的强有力的竞争。
研究了生长单晶光纤的各种方法,包括激光加热基座生长方法、毛细管反馈熔化生长、确定边界薄膜反馈生长和浮带与基座生长等生长方法,说明了激光加热基座生长方法的特点,为它的进一步应用打下基础。
讨论了获得超短脉冲的调Q方法,尤其是令人感兴趣的被动调Q方法。利用激光加热基座生长方法(LHPG),将Nd:YAG和Cr4+:YAG生长成一体化的单晶光纤,得到了被动调Q复合单晶光纤激光器,给出了其速率方程理论,并数值计算了其各项性能参数,与实验结果取得良好的一致。所获得的被动调Q复合单晶光纤激光器有很好的性能指标,完全有实用价值。
研究了有望构成更高平均功率连续激光器或更高峰值功率脉冲激光器的新材料——光子晶体光纤,介绍了其拉制方法,说明光子晶体光纤具有极强的光学非线性效应、高的双折射特性、奇异的色散特性和永无截止的单模传输特性等各项新颖奇特而且优异的性能指标,一句话,就是它是最有可能拥有完美的驾驭光子的能力的器件!还给出了光子晶体光纤的各种理论和数值分析法。
研究了BPH的激光切除术,为此进行了猪肝组织、猪肌肉组织和狗前列腺组织的激光气化的对比研究,并与波长1064nm的钕激光和2100nm的钬激光的疗效进行比较,发现含血液丰富组织的532纳米的选择性吸收是KTP倍频激光在用于良性前列腺增生治疗时受到青睐的原因,与已有报道结果相符合,进一步证明了绿色KTP倍频激光器用于BPH治疗的美好前景。
提出了将复合单晶被动调Q光纤激光器用作种子光源,再利用保偏大模场面积光纤放大器将其放大到百瓦以上的设计方法,从而将基于振荡功率放大结构的高功率激光器的放大级数精简到最少,并由具有温度管理装置的KTP倍频,这样将能以极高效率获得高功率的绿色激光输出,整套装置将设计简洁,工作可靠,性能优良。
The unparalleled predominance of fiber lasers has attracted interests of researchers throughout the world and great attentions of industry. Composite crystal fiber lasers and polarization-maintain large-mode-area fiber amplifiers are researched and combined to form the high power green laser that may be used for therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). The photoselective vaporization of the prostate(PVP) using the laser system is promising.
The basic theory including physical principles of the fiber laser, the atomic structure, energy level and spectral characteristic of doped lanthanide has been introduced. Fiber lasers have been classified and the design of their resonant cavity has been provided. At present, double clad doped rare-earth fiber lasers and photon crystal fiber lasers are the most important approaches to scale the output power. Moreover, SRS and SBS fiber lasers based the nonlinear effect in the fiber, fiber soliton lasers, supercontinuum and ultrafast fiber lasers with great value both in theory and in practice have been discussed. Optical amplifiers and the rate equations then have been studied. The applications of fiber lasers in various fields have also been analyzed particularly. Finally the potential of fiber lasers substituting the traditional solid lasers and gas lasers has been pointed out but the time that it come true is in the future, at the same time they will also confront the possible competition which come from diode lasers.
Various methods of the growth of crystal fibers have been investigated and they are Laser Heated Pedestal Growth(LHPG), capillary-fed melt growth, Capillary-Bridgeman growth and Float-zone or pedestal growth. Subsequently, the character of LHPG technique has been showed. It paves the way for the use of LHPG technique in this chapter.
Q-switching technique, especially the interesting passively Q-switching, for getting ultrashort pulse has been discussed. Composite crystal fibers incorporating Nd:YAG and Cr4+:YAG are grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique, which is considered to be a powerful tool for rapid growth of high-melting temperature oxides and incongruent melting compositions. After handling the composite crystal fiber laser is demonstrated. Using the velocity rate theory, the parameters are calculated by numerically method and they are well in accord with the experiment results. The composite passively Q-switching crystal fiber lasers can obtain excellent performance.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), the revolutionary power in the fiber family, and their produce techniques have been introduced. They have very intensive optical nonlinear effect, high birefringence, fantastic dispersion, ceaseless single mode transmission characteristic and dreamlike performance parameters. They can be used to form lasers with higher average power or peak value power. In a word they are the instruments that can rein the photon imaginably! Various theories and numerical analyzing methods of the photonic crystal fiber laser have been listed.
Laser prostatectomy of BPH has been studied. Therefore various laser-induced bio-tissue vaporization experiments have been carried out and the reasonable parameters of the laser tissue vaporization have been searched. Consequently the photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green laser is the preferred for lots of advantages of the method. The results are in accordance with the reports that have been released and exhibit the refulgent prospect of the green laser used in therapy of BPH.
Utilizing the composite crystal passively Q-switching fiber laser and polarization maintain large mode area fiber as the seed light signal and amplifier respectively, the signal light is amplified to more than 100W and is doubled frequency by the KTP crystal with temperature manager equipment thereby high power green output can be obtained. The laser system has the predominance of simple design, high reliability, and high power.
介绍了光纤激光器研究的理论基础,包括光纤激光的物理原理,构造有源光纤的掺杂稀土元素(即或镧系元素)的原子结构、能级分布和光谱特性等内容;提出了光纤激光器的一个比较合理的分类方法,给出了其结构和典型的谐振腔的设计方法;重点阐述了掺杂稀土离子的双包层和光子晶体光纤激光器,这是当前获得高功率光纤激光的基础;介绍了基于光纤中非线性效应的受激拉曼散射(SRS)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)光纤激光器,光纤孤子激光器,超连续谱激光器和超快光纤激光器等各种在理论上和实践中都十分重要的光纤激光器;讨论了光放大器并给出了光纤激光器的速率方程;详细分析了光纤激光器在各领域中的应用,指出光纤激光器有着全面取代传统固体激光器和气体激光器的潜力,但真正做到这一点尚需时日,同时它们还可能面临来自半导体激光器的强有力的竞争。
研究了生长单晶光纤的各种方法,包括激光加热基座生长方法、毛细管反馈熔化生长、确定边界薄膜反馈生长和浮带与基座生长等生长方法,说明了激光加热基座生长方法的特点,为它的进一步应用打下基础。
讨论了获得超短脉冲的调Q方法,尤其是令人感兴趣的被动调Q方法。利用激光加热基座生长方法(LHPG),将Nd:YAG和Cr4+:YAG生长成一体化的单晶光纤,得到了被动调Q复合单晶光纤激光器,给出了其速率方程理论,并数值计算了其各项性能参数,与实验结果取得良好的一致。所获得的被动调Q复合单晶光纤激光器有很好的性能指标,完全有实用价值。
研究了有望构成更高平均功率连续激光器或更高峰值功率脉冲激光器的新材料——光子晶体光纤,介绍了其拉制方法,说明光子晶体光纤具有极强的光学非线性效应、高的双折射特性、奇异的色散特性和永无截止的单模传输特性等各项新颖奇特而且优异的性能指标,一句话,就是它是最有可能拥有完美的驾驭光子的能力的器件!还给出了光子晶体光纤的各种理论和数值分析法。
研究了BPH的激光切除术,为此进行了猪肝组织、猪肌肉组织和狗前列腺组织的激光气化的对比研究,并与波长1064nm的钕激光和2100nm的钬激光的疗效进行比较,发现含血液丰富组织的532纳米的选择性吸收是KTP倍频激光在用于良性前列腺增生治疗时受到青睐的原因,与已有报道结果相符合,进一步证明了绿色KTP倍频激光器用于BPH治疗的美好前景。
提出了将复合单晶被动调Q光纤激光器用作种子光源,再利用保偏大模场面积光纤放大器将其放大到百瓦以上的设计方法,从而将基于振荡功率放大结构的高功率激光器的放大级数精简到最少,并由具有温度管理装置的KTP倍频,这样将能以极高效率获得高功率的绿色激光输出,整套装置将设计简洁,工作可靠,性能优良。
The unparalleled predominance of fiber lasers has attracted interests of researchers throughout the world and great attentions of industry. Composite crystal fiber lasers and polarization-maintain large-mode-area fiber amplifiers are researched and combined to form the high power green laser that may be used for therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). The photoselective vaporization of the prostate(PVP) using the laser system is promising.
The basic theory including physical principles of the fiber laser, the atomic structure, energy level and spectral characteristic of doped lanthanide has been introduced. Fiber lasers have been classified and the design of their resonant cavity has been provided. At present, double clad doped rare-earth fiber lasers and photon crystal fiber lasers are the most important approaches to scale the output power. Moreover, SRS and SBS fiber lasers based the nonlinear effect in the fiber, fiber soliton lasers, supercontinuum and ultrafast fiber lasers with great value both in theory and in practice have been discussed. Optical amplifiers and the rate equations then have been studied. The applications of fiber lasers in various fields have also been analyzed particularly. Finally the potential of fiber lasers substituting the traditional solid lasers and gas lasers has been pointed out but the time that it come true is in the future, at the same time they will also confront the possible competition which come from diode lasers.
Various methods of the growth of crystal fibers have been investigated and they are Laser Heated Pedestal Growth(LHPG), capillary-fed melt growth, Capillary-Bridgeman growth and Float-zone or pedestal growth. Subsequently, the character of LHPG technique has been showed. It paves the way for the use of LHPG technique in this chapter.
Q-switching technique, especially the interesting passively Q-switching, for getting ultrashort pulse has been discussed. Composite crystal fibers incorporating Nd:YAG and Cr4+:YAG are grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique, which is considered to be a powerful tool for rapid growth of high-melting temperature oxides and incongruent melting compositions. After handling the composite crystal fiber laser is demonstrated. Using the velocity rate theory, the parameters are calculated by numerically method and they are well in accord with the experiment results. The composite passively Q-switching crystal fiber lasers can obtain excellent performance.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), the revolutionary power in the fiber family, and their produce techniques have been introduced. They have very intensive optical nonlinear effect, high birefringence, fantastic dispersion, ceaseless single mode transmission characteristic and dreamlike performance parameters. They can be used to form lasers with higher average power or peak value power. In a word they are the instruments that can rein the photon imaginably! Various theories and numerical analyzing methods of the photonic crystal fiber laser have been listed.
Laser prostatectomy of BPH has been studied. Therefore various laser-induced bio-tissue vaporization experiments have been carried out and the reasonable parameters of the laser tissue vaporization have been searched. Consequently the photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green laser is the preferred for lots of advantages of the method. The results are in accordance with the reports that have been released and exhibit the refulgent prospect of the green laser used in therapy of BPH.
Utilizing the composite crystal passively Q-switching fiber laser and polarization maintain large mode area fiber as the seed light signal and amplifier respectively, the signal light is amplified to more than 100W and is doubled frequency by the KTP crystal with temperature manager equipment thereby high power green output can be obtained. The laser system has the predominance of simple design, high reliability, and high power.
引文
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