大功率LED驱动器开发系统的研究
摘要
大功率白光LED是近年来新发展起来的一种半导体光源,其发光效率高、无污染、寿命长,而且便于控制亮度,是未来理想的绿色节能照明光源。白光LED具有非线性的负载特性,电源供电电压的微小波动将导致负载电流的剧烈变化。因此为了确保LED的正常工作,需要为其设计专用的电流源驱动器。然而,由于白光LED技术发展很快,层出不穷的新型LED器件和LED应用对驱动器提出了各种不同的要求。因此,本文提出开发基于微控制器管理、能够适应不同场合下车载照明的智能大功率LED驱动器,并建立相应测试系统对其基本性能进行自动测试和系统分析,对于实现LED在特定领域的实际应用、正确评价LED的工作效能,以及进一步普及LED技术,都具有十分重要的意义。
本文在分析大功率LED非线性负载特性的基础上,将LED驱动器作为控制系统进行研究;结合PSPICE下的电路仿真试验,提出了一种基于CAN/485总线控制,智能化、输出宽范围可调的电流型LED驱动器的设计思想;并阐述了实际开发过程中的关键技术和实施要点。同时,考虑大功率LED的寿命、光效和色温等关键参数都对温度变化敏感,本文也提出了一种采用半导体制冷器TEC作为LED管体温度控制的新方法,试图以主动散热方式为大功率LED实现长寿、高效和稳定工作开拓新的思路。针对开发LED驱动器本身和检测LED特性的实际需要,本文开发了一种基于虚拟仪器思想的测试系统。并就系统的设计思想、结构特点和一些具体电路进行讨论,介绍了所建具有通用USB控制功能的基础测试模块和测试软件的操作界面,指出了支持VISA标准的典型通用仪器编程控制方法,全面阐述了对电、光、温参数和关键电路波形数据进行自动测试的具体方法。
本文最后在说明测试系统使用方法的基础上,给出了所测LED驱动器的各种稳态参数(电流控制线性度、电源调整率、负载调整率、纹波和效率等)和动态参数(开机/关时间、过冲电压和系统动态响应时间的等)、反映性能指标的测试数据及其测试结果的分析曲线,表明所开发的LED驱动器及其自动测试系统的实用性。
High power white LED is a new kind of semiconductor light sourcedeveloped in recent years. It’s high efficiency, no pollution, long service life andconvenient control of lightness make it an ideal green energy-saving light source inthe future.With its nonlinear load feature, tiny fluctuation of source voltage willcause marked change of load current. In order to make sure its stable operation,special current driver is needed. Because of rapid development of LED and newLED instrument, special suitable driver is needed. This paper puts forwardintellective high power LED driver suitable for automotive lighting in differentsituation, which is based on MCU management. It also establishes an auto testsystem about its basic performance and systemic analysis. It is important for theevaluation of LED’s service function and making this technique more popular.
Based on the analysis of its nonlinear load feature, making LED driver as acontrol system and considering circuit simulation under PSPICE, this paperintroduces a new thought of designing a current mode LED driver which is basedon CAN/485 bus control and intellectively wide range adjustable output. It alsoexplains the key points of the technique in exploitation. Besides, considering thatparameters of high power white LED, such as life-time,light efficiency and color-temperature are sensitive to temperature change, this paper also raises a newmethod in which semiconductor cooler TEC is used to control the LEDtemperature. Depending on this method, An active cooling is proposed as a newdesign idea to carry out the long life-time, high efficiency and stability of highpower white LED. Considering the practical need of developping and testingLED driver, this paper has developed a auto test system based on virtualinstrument thought. It also introduces the operation interface, design idea,structure characteristic and hardware circuit for the basic test module andsoftware which has universal USB control function, points out typical universalinstrument program control method supporting VISA criteria, and explainsdetails of automatic test about electricity, light, teperature parameter and keydataof circuit wave.
In this paper, having introduced the use of this test system, It gives out all the steady-state parameters (such as current control linearity, line regulation, loadregulation, ripple and efficiency) and dynamic-state parameters (such as set uptime, hold up time, over voltage and system dynamic response time), the test dataand the analysis curve of the LED driver, which indicates the practicality of theLED driver and its test system developed.
本文在分析大功率LED非线性负载特性的基础上,将LED驱动器作为控制系统进行研究;结合PSPICE下的电路仿真试验,提出了一种基于CAN/485总线控制,智能化、输出宽范围可调的电流型LED驱动器的设计思想;并阐述了实际开发过程中的关键技术和实施要点。同时,考虑大功率LED的寿命、光效和色温等关键参数都对温度变化敏感,本文也提出了一种采用半导体制冷器TEC作为LED管体温度控制的新方法,试图以主动散热方式为大功率LED实现长寿、高效和稳定工作开拓新的思路。针对开发LED驱动器本身和检测LED特性的实际需要,本文开发了一种基于虚拟仪器思想的测试系统。并就系统的设计思想、结构特点和一些具体电路进行讨论,介绍了所建具有通用USB控制功能的基础测试模块和测试软件的操作界面,指出了支持VISA标准的典型通用仪器编程控制方法,全面阐述了对电、光、温参数和关键电路波形数据进行自动测试的具体方法。
本文最后在说明测试系统使用方法的基础上,给出了所测LED驱动器的各种稳态参数(电流控制线性度、电源调整率、负载调整率、纹波和效率等)和动态参数(开机/关时间、过冲电压和系统动态响应时间的等)、反映性能指标的测试数据及其测试结果的分析曲线,表明所开发的LED驱动器及其自动测试系统的实用性。
High power white LED is a new kind of semiconductor light sourcedeveloped in recent years. It’s high efficiency, no pollution, long service life andconvenient control of lightness make it an ideal green energy-saving light source inthe future.With its nonlinear load feature, tiny fluctuation of source voltage willcause marked change of load current. In order to make sure its stable operation,special current driver is needed. Because of rapid development of LED and newLED instrument, special suitable driver is needed. This paper puts forwardintellective high power LED driver suitable for automotive lighting in differentsituation, which is based on MCU management. It also establishes an auto testsystem about its basic performance and systemic analysis. It is important for theevaluation of LED’s service function and making this technique more popular.
Based on the analysis of its nonlinear load feature, making LED driver as acontrol system and considering circuit simulation under PSPICE, this paperintroduces a new thought of designing a current mode LED driver which is basedon CAN/485 bus control and intellectively wide range adjustable output. It alsoexplains the key points of the technique in exploitation. Besides, considering thatparameters of high power white LED, such as life-time,light efficiency and color-temperature are sensitive to temperature change, this paper also raises a newmethod in which semiconductor cooler TEC is used to control the LEDtemperature. Depending on this method, An active cooling is proposed as a newdesign idea to carry out the long life-time, high efficiency and stability of highpower white LED. Considering the practical need of developping and testingLED driver, this paper has developed a auto test system based on virtualinstrument thought. It also introduces the operation interface, design idea,structure characteristic and hardware circuit for the basic test module andsoftware which has universal USB control function, points out typical universalinstrument program control method supporting VISA criteria, and explainsdetails of automatic test about electricity, light, teperature parameter and keydataof circuit wave.
In this paper, having introduced the use of this test system, It gives out all the steady-state parameters (such as current control linearity, line regulation, loadregulation, ripple and efficiency) and dynamic-state parameters (such as set uptime, hold up time, over voltage and system dynamic response time), the test dataand the analysis curve of the LED driver, which indicates the practicality of theLED driver and its test system developed.
引文
1艾朝霞,姬研. LED照明光源前景展望.榆林学院学报. 2006,16(2):1~2
2刘坚斌,李培咸,郝跃.高亮度GaN基蓝光与白光LED的研究和发展.2005,22(5):1~2
3郑代顺,钱可元.功率型白光LED研究进展.中国照明电器. 2006:3~7
4 Nadarajah Narendran, Yimin Gu. Life of LED-Based White Light Sources.IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 2005:13
5 Nadarajah Narendran,Yimin Gu. Life of LED-BasedWhite Light Sources.
6雷玉堂,黎慧.未来的照明光源—白光LED技术及其发展.光学与光电技术. 2003,1(5)
7 M. Rico-Secades, A.J. Calleja, J. Ribas, E.L.Corominas, J.M.Alonso, J.Cardesín, J.García. Evaluation of a Low Cost Permanent EmergencyLighting System based on high efficiency LED′s. GEI(Industrial ElectronicsGroup), Universityof viedo
8刘宏,张晓晶.高亮度白光LED.直流照明灯的研究节能与环保. 2005,(8)
9 Rong-Ting Huang, Paige Holm, Membe, and Phillip D. Wright. Design andFabrication of AlGaInP LEDArray with Integrated GaAs Decode Circuits.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,VOL. 45, NO. 11, November 1998
10 Mari Ochiai Holcomb, Regina Mueller-Mach, Gerd O. Mueller, Dave Collins,Robert M, Fletcher. The LED Lightbulb:Are we there yet?Progess andChallenges for solid state Illumination.Lasers and Electro-Optics.2003.CLEO 03 Conference on.1-6 June 2003.Page 4
11 Steigerwald.D.A, Bhat.J.C, Collins.D, Fletcher.R.M, Holcomb.M.O,Ludowise.M.J. Illumination with solid state lighting technology. SelectedTopics in Quantum Electronics. IEEE Journal of Volume 8,Issue 2,March-April 2002 Page(s):310-320
12沈慧.大功率照明LED恒流驱动芯片的设计.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006:2~16
13陈汉汛,倪尔东,刘利.汽车LED光源信息传递及驱动.武汉理工大学学报.信息与管理工程版. 2005,27(1)
14王凤岩,许建平,贺明智.超高亮LED的驱动.电源技术应用. 2005,8(9)
15沙占友等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.电子工业出版社.2004:131~151,408~457
16武杰,董娟.用AVR MCU实现的程控电源的设计.电测与仪表.2005,42(7): 12~15
17湛玉红,姜志华,曾长松.暖体假人直流程控电源的研究与应用.2005,26(1):102~103
18陈咏.开关电源测试.电源技术应用. 2007,(12):81~84
19韩晶.开关电源测试实例.电子测试. 2007,(12):81~83
20杨海龙.高效、经济、实用的RIGOL开关电源测试方案.今日电子.2007,(9):90~92
21王广雄.控制系统设计.宇航出版社.1986:20-80
22夏德钤.自动控制理论.机械工业出版社. 2006,(6):132~169
23 Sanjaya Maniktala. Switching Power Supply Design&Optimization.McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. 1994:26~30
24 Marty Brown. Power SupplyCookbook.Second Edition. Elsevier Science Ltd.2001:1047~1051
25蔡宣三. PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一).电力电子.2006,(2):47~51
26刘胜利,吴国庆,陈国顺等.高性能的程控交直流综合电源的设计与实现.计算机测量与控制. 2003,10(2):270~274
27吴业正,李新中,李新中,朱瑞琪.制冷与低温技术原理.高等教育出版社. 2004年8月. 56~100
28 L. L. Zheng, D. J. Larson. Thermoelectric Effects on InterfaceDemarcationand Directional Solidification of Bismuth. Journal of CrystalGrowth. 1997,(180):293~304
29 MINORU ITO. Temperature stabilization in semiconductor laser diodes.IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICSVOL.QE-17, NO. 5, MAY1981
30朱敏.半导体激光器的电力驱动与计算机监控.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006: 30~38
31曲波,肖圣兵,吕建平.工业常用常用传感器选型指南.清华大学出版社.2002年1月. 43~44
32吴石增,黄鸿.传感器与测控技术.中国电力出版社. 2003. 70~71
33王铁流,吴丹丹,李成.基于C8051F320 USB接口的数据采集存储电路.电子产品世界. 2006,(23):20~24
34郭静,刘付火,王章瑞.单片机C8051F320及其USB接口应用.电子世界. 2004,(3):38~40
35季青.用VB实现基于GPIB的自动测试系统.上海计量测试.2007,(5):19~22
36张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达,付平.自动测试系统.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2001:9
37陈意.模拟电子模件的测试系统开发.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007:38~50
38张焕林,穆建成.基于GPIB技术的自动测试系统设计.微计算机信息.2005,(05):84
39 Chung-Ping Young, Michael J. Devaney. Universal Serial Bus EnhancesVirtual Instrument-Based Distributed Power Monitoring. IEEE Transactionson Instrumentation and Measurement. 2001, (6): 1692~1697
40 H.Cruickshank, Z. Sun and Z. Fan. Universal Serial Bus Implement in AnIntegrated Access Chip for ISDN Systems. IEEE Proc-Commun. 2001, (4): 207~211
41 McQuiston, B.K.Virtual Instruments for Use in Test Systems Development.AUTOTESTCON 93. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference.Proceedings. 1993, (9):639 ~642
42 J. Dany. Chei. Using Interchangeable Virtual Instrument Drivers to IncreaseTest System Performance. IEEEAESS Systems Magazine. 2001, (7): 8~11
2刘坚斌,李培咸,郝跃.高亮度GaN基蓝光与白光LED的研究和发展.2005,22(5):1~2
3郑代顺,钱可元.功率型白光LED研究进展.中国照明电器. 2006:3~7
4 Nadarajah Narendran, Yimin Gu. Life of LED-Based White Light Sources.IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 2005:13
5 Nadarajah Narendran,Yimin Gu. Life of LED-BasedWhite Light Sources.
6雷玉堂,黎慧.未来的照明光源—白光LED技术及其发展.光学与光电技术. 2003,1(5)
7 M. Rico-Secades, A.J. Calleja, J. Ribas, E.L.Corominas, J.M.Alonso, J.Cardesín, J.García. Evaluation of a Low Cost Permanent EmergencyLighting System based on high efficiency LED′s. GEI(Industrial ElectronicsGroup), Universityof viedo
8刘宏,张晓晶.高亮度白光LED.直流照明灯的研究节能与环保. 2005,(8)
9 Rong-Ting Huang, Paige Holm, Membe, and Phillip D. Wright. Design andFabrication of AlGaInP LEDArray with Integrated GaAs Decode Circuits.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,VOL. 45, NO. 11, November 1998
10 Mari Ochiai Holcomb, Regina Mueller-Mach, Gerd O. Mueller, Dave Collins,Robert M, Fletcher. The LED Lightbulb:Are we there yet?Progess andChallenges for solid state Illumination.Lasers and Electro-Optics.2003.CLEO 03 Conference on.1-6 June 2003.Page 4
11 Steigerwald.D.A, Bhat.J.C, Collins.D, Fletcher.R.M, Holcomb.M.O,Ludowise.M.J. Illumination with solid state lighting technology. SelectedTopics in Quantum Electronics. IEEE Journal of Volume 8,Issue 2,March-April 2002 Page(s):310-320
12沈慧.大功率照明LED恒流驱动芯片的设计.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006:2~16
13陈汉汛,倪尔东,刘利.汽车LED光源信息传递及驱动.武汉理工大学学报.信息与管理工程版. 2005,27(1)
14王凤岩,许建平,贺明智.超高亮LED的驱动.电源技术应用. 2005,8(9)
15沙占友等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.电子工业出版社.2004:131~151,408~457
16武杰,董娟.用AVR MCU实现的程控电源的设计.电测与仪表.2005,42(7): 12~15
17湛玉红,姜志华,曾长松.暖体假人直流程控电源的研究与应用.2005,26(1):102~103
18陈咏.开关电源测试.电源技术应用. 2007,(12):81~84
19韩晶.开关电源测试实例.电子测试. 2007,(12):81~83
20杨海龙.高效、经济、实用的RIGOL开关电源测试方案.今日电子.2007,(9):90~92
21王广雄.控制系统设计.宇航出版社.1986:20-80
22夏德钤.自动控制理论.机械工业出版社. 2006,(6):132~169
23 Sanjaya Maniktala. Switching Power Supply Design&Optimization.McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. 1994:26~30
24 Marty Brown. Power SupplyCookbook.Second Edition. Elsevier Science Ltd.2001:1047~1051
25蔡宣三. PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一).电力电子.2006,(2):47~51
26刘胜利,吴国庆,陈国顺等.高性能的程控交直流综合电源的设计与实现.计算机测量与控制. 2003,10(2):270~274
27吴业正,李新中,李新中,朱瑞琪.制冷与低温技术原理.高等教育出版社. 2004年8月. 56~100
28 L. L. Zheng, D. J. Larson. Thermoelectric Effects on InterfaceDemarcationand Directional Solidification of Bismuth. Journal of CrystalGrowth. 1997,(180):293~304
29 MINORU ITO. Temperature stabilization in semiconductor laser diodes.IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICSVOL.QE-17, NO. 5, MAY1981
30朱敏.半导体激光器的电力驱动与计算机监控.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006: 30~38
31曲波,肖圣兵,吕建平.工业常用常用传感器选型指南.清华大学出版社.2002年1月. 43~44
32吴石增,黄鸿.传感器与测控技术.中国电力出版社. 2003. 70~71
33王铁流,吴丹丹,李成.基于C8051F320 USB接口的数据采集存储电路.电子产品世界. 2006,(23):20~24
34郭静,刘付火,王章瑞.单片机C8051F320及其USB接口应用.电子世界. 2004,(3):38~40
35季青.用VB实现基于GPIB的自动测试系统.上海计量测试.2007,(5):19~22
36张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达,付平.自动测试系统.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2001:9
37陈意.模拟电子模件的测试系统开发.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007:38~50
38张焕林,穆建成.基于GPIB技术的自动测试系统设计.微计算机信息.2005,(05):84
39 Chung-Ping Young, Michael J. Devaney. Universal Serial Bus EnhancesVirtual Instrument-Based Distributed Power Monitoring. IEEE Transactionson Instrumentation and Measurement. 2001, (6): 1692~1697
40 H.Cruickshank, Z. Sun and Z. Fan. Universal Serial Bus Implement in AnIntegrated Access Chip for ISDN Systems. IEEE Proc-Commun. 2001, (4): 207~211
41 McQuiston, B.K.Virtual Instruments for Use in Test Systems Development.AUTOTESTCON 93. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference.Proceedings. 1993, (9):639 ~642
42 J. Dany. Chei. Using Interchangeable Virtual Instrument Drivers to IncreaseTest System Performance. IEEEAESS Systems Magazine. 2001, (7): 8~11