微波法诊断激光等离子体研究
摘要
本文研究了微波与激光击穿空气形成的等离子体的相互作用。通过CCD得到了等离子体膨胀过程的图像，根据微波传播原理及等离子体理论分析了微波在等离子体形成过程中不同位置的反射、折射、传输特性，并根据等离子体不同位置物质的运动速度对等离子体反射微波信号的频谱图进行了分析；实验测量和分析了等离子体膨胀速度与激光束能量的关系及与不同频率的微波的关系，以及等离子体轴向速度与径向速度的关系。
基于电磁波传播理论、微波传输线理论、多普勒理论和激光聚焦产生等离子体理论，本文设计了用于测量激光等离子体的微波诊断系统，绘出了等离子体与微波相互作用的示意图。对激光聚焦产生等离子体形成的过程中，以温度达到15，000-20，000K作为等离子体形成的判据，对产生激光支持的燃烧波、爆轰波的过程的不同位置物质的运动进行了描述，根据微波反射的多普勒效应实验测量了等离子体形成过程中不同位置物质的运动速度。
本文的研究结果为进一步研究激光等离子体与微波的相互作用提供了理论和实验借鉴。
This paper introduces the interaction between microwave and plasma which is induced by laser breakdown in the air. Based on plasma principle and the theory of transmission of microwave, the reflection, refraction, and transmission characteristics in different time are discussed in this paper. We also discuss the relationship between the plasma velocity and the laser power, as well as the relationship between the plasma velocity and microwave frequency.
Based on the theory of electromagnetic wave transmission, theory of plasma induced by laser ionizing, theory of microwave transmitting line and Doppler Effect, a diagnostic system used for measuring laser induced plasma is designed and the sketch map of the interaction between plasma and microwave is depicted. As the temperature reaches 15000-20000K is the criterion of plasma being induced, substance' s movements of different spots in the process of LSCW and LSDW is described. We also calculated the substance's velocity in different time by the Doppler Effect.
基于电磁波传播理论、微波传输线理论、多普勒理论和激光聚焦产生等离子体理论，本文设计了用于测量激光等离子体的微波诊断系统，绘出了等离子体与微波相互作用的示意图。对激光聚焦产生等离子体形成的过程中，以温度达到15，000-20，000K作为等离子体形成的判据，对产生激光支持的燃烧波、爆轰波的过程的不同位置物质的运动进行了描述，根据微波反射的多普勒效应实验测量了等离子体形成过程中不同位置物质的运动速度。
本文的研究结果为进一步研究激光等离子体与微波的相互作用提供了理论和实验借鉴。
This paper introduces the interaction between microwave and plasma which is induced by laser breakdown in the air. Based on plasma principle and the theory of transmission of microwave, the reflection, refraction, and transmission characteristics in different time are discussed in this paper. We also discuss the relationship between the plasma velocity and the laser power, as well as the relationship between the plasma velocity and microwave frequency.
Based on the theory of electromagnetic wave transmission, theory of plasma induced by laser ionizing, theory of microwave transmitting line and Doppler Effect, a diagnostic system used for measuring laser induced plasma is designed and the sketch map of the interaction between plasma and microwave is depicted. As the temperature reaches 15000-20000K is the criterion of plasma being induced, substance' s movements of different spots in the process of LSCW and LSDW is described. We also calculated the substance's velocity in different time by the Doppler Effect.
引文
[1] Demichelis. IEEE[J]. Quantum Electronics. 1969, J-QE(5):188
[2] 泽尔道维奇，来依捷尔，《激波和高温流体动力学现象物理》，第一版，科学出版社，1980，ch．5，p263．
[3] 沈元壤．非线性光学原理(下)，第一版，科学出版社，1987
[4] 强希文．高功率激光表面大气击穿阈值的波长关系 [J] 光学技术，1999，25(5)：37—39
[5] R.G. Meyerand, A.F. Haught, Phys. Rev. Let.,No. 11, p401(1963)
[6] 蓝信钜．激光技术第一版，科学出版社，2000
[7] 倪晓武，陆建．空气击穿原理研究．华东工学院学报．1989(1)
[8] 项志遴，俞昌旋编．高温等离子体诊断技术．上海科学技术出版社，1982
[9] 袁钢，周光泉．用于等离子体及LSD波点燃阈值的判断．高压物理学报．1988，2(2)：182～189
[10] 夏生杰等．强CO_2激光照射靶面的现象。物理学报．1982，31(3)
[11] L. Bfelsen and G M Whitman. Wave propagation in time-varying media. IEEE rrans Antennas Propagat, Mar 1970, AP-18:242-253
[12] R L Fante. Transmission of electromagnetic wave into time-varying media. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat, May 1971, AP-19:417-424
[13] CLJing. Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddenly created plasma. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat, May 1975,23:83-90
[14] S C Wilks, J M Dawson and W B Mori. Phys Rev Lett, 1988, 61:337-340
[15] D K Kalluri. IEEE trans Plasma Sci, 1988,16:11-16
[16] D K Kalluri and V R Goteti. Frequency shifting of electromagnetic radiation by sudden creation of a plasma slab. J Appl Phys, 1992,72(10):4575-4580
[17] Mayo Villagran-Muniz, Hugo Sobral, and Enrique Camps Shadowgraphy and Interferometry Using a CW Laser and a CCD of a Laser-Induced Plasma in Atmospheric Air IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE. VOL. 29. NO. 4. AUGUST 2001
[18] W. Lauterborn. Kavitation durch laserlicht, Acustica, 1974(31): 51-78
[19] W. Lauterborn and H. Bolle, Experimental investigation of cavitation bubble collapse in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary, J. Fluid Mech, 72(1975)，391-399
[20] 潘国顺，杜雄．大学物理(第一册)力学与热学南京理工大学1998年3月第一版
[21] 倪晓武，王文中．强激光致空气激穿过程的数值模拟[J]．兵工学报．1998，19(2)：134—138
[22] 孙承伟，路启生．激光辐照效应国防工业出版社2002年第一版
[23] 陆建，倪晓武．贺安之．激光与材料相互作用物理学机械工业出版社 1996年11月第一版
[24] 徐荣青．高功率激光与材料相互作用力学效应的测试与分析南京理工大学2004年11月
[25] 金兹堡．电磁波在等离子体中的传播科学出版社 1978年9月第一版
[26] 庄钊文，袁乃昌，刘少斌，莫锦军．等离子体隐身技术 科学出版社 2005年7月第一版
[27] 吕保维，王贞松．无线电波传播理论及其应用 科学出版社 2003年8月第一版
[28] 阿尔别尔特著，袁翔译．无线电波传播和电离层 第二卷电磁波在地球附近的传播 人民邮电出版社 1981年6月第一版
[29] R.L. Savage, Jr.,C. Joshi, and W.B. Mori Frequency Upconversion of Electromagnetic upon Transmission into an Ionization Front. Phys. Rew. Lett. 1992,68:946～949
[30] Jerome H. Walker Interaction of electromagnetic waves with a mouing ionization front .Phys. Fluids. 1978,21(1)42～54
[31] J.L. Bobin, C. canto, F. Floux, D. Guyot, J. Reuss, and P. Vyrie U-3-Gas Breakdown with Nanosecond Pulses IEEE 1968,4(1)
[32] 卞保民，陈建平，杨玲，倪晓武，陆建．空气中激光等离子体冲击波的传播特性研究，物理学报，2000，49(3)：445～448
[33] 卞保民等．激光等离子体空气冲击波波前参量的测定及研究。中国激光。2001，A28(2)：155～159
[34] 成金秀，温天舒，朱总元．激光等离子体喷射空间特性实验观测．光学学报。1997，17(10)：1327～1331
[35] 马腾才．等离子体物理原理．中国科技大学出版社．1956
[36] 朱士尧．等离子体物理学基础．科学出版社．1956
[37] 陈建平．激光等离子体冲击波及其诊断技术．南京理工大学博士论文，2000
[38] L.B. Felsen and G.M. Whitman. wave propagation in time varying media. IEEE, Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol . AP-18, PP. 242-253, MAR. 1970
[39] R. L. Fante. Transmission of electromagnetic waves into time- varying media. IEEE Trans, Antennas Propagat. vol. ap=19, pp. 417-424, may 1971
[40] C.L. Jiang. Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddly created plasma. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. vol. AP-23. PP. 83-90, Jan, 1975
[41] D. Kalluri and R.C. Prasad. Reflection from a suddenly created plasma, in Abstracts, 1983 IEEE Int. Conf. Plasma Science
[42] 卢洵，赵朝锋，徐振启，侯德亭．高功率微波在大气击穿时的传输特性研究．信息与电子工程．2004年12月．2(4)
[43] Su和BoniSu F Y, Boni A A. Phys, 1976(19) : 960-966
[44] 倪晓武，陆建，贺安之．激光与介质薄膜作用过程的等离子体诊断．光学学报，Vol．10，No．4，P322～327
[45] He Anzhi, Lu Jian, Ni Xiaowu. Interference diagnosis of the initial stage of laser-produced-plasma in air. Chinese Phys Lett, Vol. 8, No. 11, P574～577(1991).
[46] Ya.B. Zeldovich and Yu.P. Raizer, Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena. Chapt. V, Sect. 2-8 (New York)
[2] 泽尔道维奇，来依捷尔，《激波和高温流体动力学现象物理》，第一版，科学出版社，1980，ch．5，p263．
[3] 沈元壤．非线性光学原理(下)，第一版，科学出版社，1987
[4] 强希文．高功率激光表面大气击穿阈值的波长关系 [J] 光学技术，1999，25(5)：37—39
[5] R.G. Meyerand, A.F. Haught, Phys. Rev. Let.,No. 11, p401(1963)
[6] 蓝信钜．激光技术第一版，科学出版社，2000
[7] 倪晓武，陆建．空气击穿原理研究．华东工学院学报．1989(1)
[8] 项志遴，俞昌旋编．高温等离子体诊断技术．上海科学技术出版社，1982
[9] 袁钢，周光泉．用于等离子体及LSD波点燃阈值的判断．高压物理学报．1988，2(2)：182～189
[10] 夏生杰等．强CO_2激光照射靶面的现象。物理学报．1982，31(3)
[11] L. Bfelsen and G M Whitman. Wave propagation in time-varying media. IEEE rrans Antennas Propagat, Mar 1970, AP-18:242-253
[12] R L Fante. Transmission of electromagnetic wave into time-varying media. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat, May 1971, AP-19:417-424
[13] CLJing. Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddenly created plasma. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat, May 1975,23:83-90
[14] S C Wilks, J M Dawson and W B Mori. Phys Rev Lett, 1988, 61:337-340
[15] D K Kalluri. IEEE trans Plasma Sci, 1988,16:11-16
[16] D K Kalluri and V R Goteti. Frequency shifting of electromagnetic radiation by sudden creation of a plasma slab. J Appl Phys, 1992,72(10):4575-4580
[17] Mayo Villagran-Muniz, Hugo Sobral, and Enrique Camps Shadowgraphy and Interferometry Using a CW Laser and a CCD of a Laser-Induced Plasma in Atmospheric Air IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE. VOL. 29. NO. 4. AUGUST 2001
[18] W. Lauterborn. Kavitation durch laserlicht, Acustica, 1974(31): 51-78
[19] W. Lauterborn and H. Bolle, Experimental investigation of cavitation bubble collapse in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary, J. Fluid Mech, 72(1975)，391-399
[20] 潘国顺，杜雄．大学物理(第一册)力学与热学南京理工大学1998年3月第一版
[21] 倪晓武，王文中．强激光致空气激穿过程的数值模拟[J]．兵工学报．1998，19(2)：134—138
[22] 孙承伟，路启生．激光辐照效应国防工业出版社2002年第一版
[23] 陆建，倪晓武．贺安之．激光与材料相互作用物理学机械工业出版社 1996年11月第一版
[24] 徐荣青．高功率激光与材料相互作用力学效应的测试与分析南京理工大学2004年11月
[25] 金兹堡．电磁波在等离子体中的传播科学出版社 1978年9月第一版
[26] 庄钊文，袁乃昌，刘少斌，莫锦军．等离子体隐身技术 科学出版社 2005年7月第一版
[27] 吕保维，王贞松．无线电波传播理论及其应用 科学出版社 2003年8月第一版
[28] 阿尔别尔特著，袁翔译．无线电波传播和电离层 第二卷电磁波在地球附近的传播 人民邮电出版社 1981年6月第一版
[29] R.L. Savage, Jr.,C. Joshi, and W.B. Mori Frequency Upconversion of Electromagnetic upon Transmission into an Ionization Front. Phys. Rew. Lett. 1992,68:946～949
[30] Jerome H. Walker Interaction of electromagnetic waves with a mouing ionization front .Phys. Fluids. 1978,21(1)42～54
[31] J.L. Bobin, C. canto, F. Floux, D. Guyot, J. Reuss, and P. Vyrie U-3-Gas Breakdown with Nanosecond Pulses IEEE 1968,4(1)
[32] 卞保民，陈建平，杨玲，倪晓武，陆建．空气中激光等离子体冲击波的传播特性研究，物理学报，2000，49(3)：445～448
[33] 卞保民等．激光等离子体空气冲击波波前参量的测定及研究。中国激光。2001，A28(2)：155～159
[34] 成金秀，温天舒，朱总元．激光等离子体喷射空间特性实验观测．光学学报。1997，17(10)：1327～1331
[35] 马腾才．等离子体物理原理．中国科技大学出版社．1956
[36] 朱士尧．等离子体物理学基础．科学出版社．1956
[37] 陈建平．激光等离子体冲击波及其诊断技术．南京理工大学博士论文，2000
[38] L.B. Felsen and G.M. Whitman. wave propagation in time varying media. IEEE, Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol . AP-18, PP. 242-253, MAR. 1970
[39] R. L. Fante. Transmission of electromagnetic waves into time- varying media. IEEE Trans, Antennas Propagat. vol. ap=19, pp. 417-424, may 1971
[40] C.L. Jiang. Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddly created plasma. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. vol. AP-23. PP. 83-90, Jan, 1975
[41] D. Kalluri and R.C. Prasad. Reflection from a suddenly created plasma, in Abstracts, 1983 IEEE Int. Conf. Plasma Science
[42] 卢洵，赵朝锋，徐振启，侯德亭．高功率微波在大气击穿时的传输特性研究．信息与电子工程．2004年12月．2(4)
[43] Su和BoniSu F Y, Boni A A. Phys, 1976(19) : 960-966
[44] 倪晓武，陆建，贺安之．激光与介质薄膜作用过程的等离子体诊断．光学学报，Vol．10，No．4，P322～327
[45] He Anzhi, Lu Jian, Ni Xiaowu. Interference diagnosis of the initial stage of laser-produced-plasma in air. Chinese Phys Lett, Vol. 8, No. 11, P574～577(1991).
[46] Ya.B. Zeldovich and Yu.P. Raizer, Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena. Chapt. V, Sect. 2-8 (New York)