无线激光打靶器的设计与研制
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摘要
为了提高激光打靶器的适应性和实用性，增加射击距离，我们对传统激光打靶器进行分析、改进，设计出一种新型的靶枪分离型无线激光打靶器。该无线激光打靶器利用对信号的编码和解码来实现靶与枪的分离。即采用数字脉冲编码方式对控制系统信号进行调制，将信息加载在光脉冲序列上发射出去。通过大气和光纤的传播，光电二极管探测阵列通过扫描和解码过程将所接收到的光信号转换成电信号，经过放大、整形后送到单片机中进行处理。再利用IC卡将处理过的数据传送到微机，最后在微机中进行计算、修正和模拟。另外本系统采用聚合物光纤作为靶面与探测器阵列之间的光学通道，有效地增强了系统的抗干扰能力。
本文主要介绍无线激光打靶器的基本工作原理，并对系统的整体设计从硬件和软件两方面作出详细叙述。此外，本文通过对大气衰减系数、放大器放大能力、光电二极管接收灵敏度等一些参数进行分析，建立了整个无线激光打靶器的光电系统数学模型。根据该光电系统数学模型，可清楚地知道各个参数对整个系统性能的影响。以及各个参数相互之间的关系，并可计算出在一定的条件下能够实现的射击距离。为今后对整个系统的改进和优化提供了理论依据。我们现己完成了无线激光打靶器的发射系统、接收系统和部分数据处理系统的研制工作，并分别进行了各种实验，本文的最后给出了一些实验结果和实物图。
In order to improve the applicability and practicability, and increase the shoot-distance, we design a new laser target practice system without the wire between the gun and target. In this system, we use coding and decoding of information to realize the separation between the target and the gun. Namely, we use digital modulation to control the shooting-system, which can send out a series of light pulses loading information. Transported by the air and polymer optical fiber, the array of photoelectric diodes convert optical signal to electric signal that received in scan-process and decode-process. Through amplified and adjustment, the electric signal is sent to Single Chip Microcomputer to judge and process. IC card is used to exchange the data between the target system and the computer where the data will be further processed. Furthermore, we use the polymer optical fibers as the passages between the target plane and the photo-electronic detectors in order to increase the anti-jamming ability.
In this paper, we introduce the basic principle of the laser target practice system, and specifically illustrate the whole design of device from hardware and software aspects. In addition, the paper analyzed some parameters such as atmospheric attenuation coefficient, the amplified ability of amplifier and receive-sensibility of photoelectric diode to set up a mathematic model photoelectric system. By using it, we can clearly know the effects of each parameter to entire system's performance, relationship among each other, and the shoot-distance which can be realized in some given conditions through calculation. It also provides academic dependence for farther improving and optimizing of entire system. Now we finished producing the shoot, receive and part of data process system and respectively did a variety of experiments. At the end of this paper, we present a few results of experiments and pictures of practical objects.
本文主要介绍无线激光打靶器的基本工作原理，并对系统的整体设计从硬件和软件两方面作出详细叙述。此外，本文通过对大气衰减系数、放大器放大能力、光电二极管接收灵敏度等一些参数进行分析，建立了整个无线激光打靶器的光电系统数学模型。根据该光电系统数学模型，可清楚地知道各个参数对整个系统性能的影响。以及各个参数相互之间的关系，并可计算出在一定的条件下能够实现的射击距离。为今后对整个系统的改进和优化提供了理论依据。我们现己完成了无线激光打靶器的发射系统、接收系统和部分数据处理系统的研制工作，并分别进行了各种实验，本文的最后给出了一些实验结果和实物图。
In order to improve the applicability and practicability, and increase the shoot-distance, we design a new laser target practice system without the wire between the gun and target. In this system, we use coding and decoding of information to realize the separation between the target and the gun. Namely, we use digital modulation to control the shooting-system, which can send out a series of light pulses loading information. Transported by the air and polymer optical fiber, the array of photoelectric diodes convert optical signal to electric signal that received in scan-process and decode-process. Through amplified and adjustment, the electric signal is sent to Single Chip Microcomputer to judge and process. IC card is used to exchange the data between the target system and the computer where the data will be further processed. Furthermore, we use the polymer optical fibers as the passages between the target plane and the photo-electronic detectors in order to increase the anti-jamming ability.
In this paper, we introduce the basic principle of the laser target practice system, and specifically illustrate the whole design of device from hardware and software aspects. In addition, the paper analyzed some parameters such as atmospheric attenuation coefficient, the amplified ability of amplifier and receive-sensibility of photoelectric diode to set up a mathematic model photoelectric system. By using it, we can clearly know the effects of each parameter to entire system's performance, relationship among each other, and the shoot-distance which can be realized in some given conditions through calculation. It also provides academic dependence for farther improving and optimizing of entire system. Now we finished producing the shoot, receive and part of data process system and respectively did a variety of experiments. At the end of this paper, we present a few results of experiments and pictures of practical objects.
引文
[1] 梁忠诚，顾敏芬 无线激光打靶机 实用新型 专利号：00220660．9(2000)
[2] 王永仲，琚新军，胡心 智能光电系统 北京：科学出版社，1999：2
[3] 顾敏芬 激光模拟射击训练器的研制 硕士学位论文 南京师范大学
[4] 兰信钜，黄国标，姚建铨，安毓英等 激光技术 湖南科学技术出版社 1984
[5] 高炜烈，张金菊 光纤通信(修订本) 电信新技术培训西教材人民邮电出版社 1999
[6] 谢勇，杨涛，梁忠诚 激光打靶器的设计“光电子技术与信息”第16卷第5期 2003
[7] 谢勇，梁忠诚，谢海燕 激光打靶器的设计与研制“光电子技术与信息”第16卷 2003增刊
[8] 康华光 电子技术基础(数字部分) 高等教育出版社 1996
[9] 刘守义，杨宏丽，王静霞 单片机应用技术 西安电子科技大学出版社2002
[10] 吴立新 实用电子技术手册 机械工业出版社 2002
[11] 速查手册 北京中国自动化技术公司 1994
[12] 聚合物光纤 南京春辉科技实业有限公司
[13] 缪家鼎，徐文鹃，牟同升 光电技术 浙江大学出版社 P125
[14] 贺安之，阎大鹏 现代传感器原理及应用 北京：宇航出版社，1995；
[15] National semicondutor April 1998
[16] 康华光 电子技术基础(模拟部分) 高等教育出版社 1996
[17] 杨祥林 光纤通信系统 北京： 国防工业出版社 2000
[18] 廖延彪 光纤光学 北京：清华大学出版社 2000
[19] 蔡美琴，张为民等 MCS-51系列单片即系统及其应用，高等教育出版社，1992
[20] 张鑫，微机和单片机串行通讯接口的电路设计 青岛大学学报VOL，14，NO．1，MAR，1999
[2] 王永仲，琚新军，胡心 智能光电系统 北京：科学出版社，1999：2
[3] 顾敏芬 激光模拟射击训练器的研制 硕士学位论文 南京师范大学
[4] 兰信钜，黄国标，姚建铨，安毓英等 激光技术 湖南科学技术出版社 1984
[5] 高炜烈，张金菊 光纤通信(修订本) 电信新技术培训西教材人民邮电出版社 1999
[6] 谢勇，杨涛，梁忠诚 激光打靶器的设计“光电子技术与信息”第16卷第5期 2003
[7] 谢勇，梁忠诚，谢海燕 激光打靶器的设计与研制“光电子技术与信息”第16卷 2003增刊
[8] 康华光 电子技术基础(数字部分) 高等教育出版社 1996
[9] 刘守义，杨宏丽，王静霞 单片机应用技术 西安电子科技大学出版社2002
[10] 吴立新 实用电子技术手册 机械工业出版社 2002
[11] 速查手册 北京中国自动化技术公司 1994
[12] 聚合物光纤 南京春辉科技实业有限公司
[13] 缪家鼎，徐文鹃，牟同升 光电技术 浙江大学出版社 P125
[14] 贺安之，阎大鹏 现代传感器原理及应用 北京：宇航出版社，1995；
[15] National semicondutor April 1998
[16] 康华光 电子技术基础(模拟部分) 高等教育出版社 1996
[17] 杨祥林 光纤通信系统 北京： 国防工业出版社 2000
[18] 廖延彪 光纤光学 北京：清华大学出版社 2000
[19] 蔡美琴，张为民等 MCS-51系列单片即系统及其应用，高等教育出版社，1992
[20] 张鑫，微机和单片机串行通讯接口的电路设计 青岛大学学报VOL，14，NO．1，MAR，1999