粉末冶金反应合成碳化钒颗粒增强铁基复合材料制备工艺基础研究
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摘要
通过合理的成分设计和工艺参数的优化,利用粉末冶金技术,采用原位合成的方法,制备了碳化钒颗粒增强铁基复合材料。利用粒度分析仪、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了球磨工艺参数、碳钒比对试样烧结致密化的影响;利用X射线衍射仪和DTA研究了Fe-V-C三元系碳化反应σ相分解机理以及碳化反应过程;借助于能谱仪、SEM以及XRD对复合材料的显微组织进行了分析。
工艺性研究表明:(1)球磨24小时的合金粉要比球磨36小时的合金粉表现出更小的平均粒径和颗粒均匀程度。这是由于球磨36小时正处于脆性-延性球磨的第二阶段,颗粒之间发生了冷焊所导致的。(2)球磨时间为36小时的试样的体积收缩要明显高于球磨时间为24小时试样,并且在比较低的温度下就达到了最大体积收缩。(3)高的碳钒比有助于粉末压坯更快的达到最大体积收缩,但同时也更容易在试样内部形成过多的孔洞。(4)球磨时间长(36h)的粉末压坯烧结后相对于球磨时间较短(24h)的粉末表现出较高和较均匀的密度。
Fe-V-C三元系碳化反应中由于V与C强的亲和力,使得在烧结温度远远低于1252oC时,钒铁中的σ相已经开始转变为钒在α-Fe中的固溶体(α-Fe,V),V与石墨发生了碳化反应,生成了V8C7。经700oC烧结后其相组成主要由碳化反应生成的V8C7和α-Fe以及没有反应的石墨和σ-(FeV)相组成。随着烧结温度的提高,V8C7的相对衍射强度显著增加,α-Fe的相对衍射强度先有微弱降低随后逐渐升高,石墨和σ-(FeV)相的相对衍射强度则急剧降低。在800 oC时候石墨的衍射峰已经消失,在850oC时候σ-(FeV)分解完毕,反应生成相
With the correct compound designing and the optimization of processing parameter selection, a kind of vanadium carbide reinforced metallic matrix composite is produced in situ by powder metallurgical technology. The effect of milling technological parameter and carbon/vanadium ratio to the densification was studied using particle-size analyzer, optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope (SEM); Decomposition mechanism ofσphase in Fe-V-C ternary system is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DTA (differential thermal analysis); Microstructure of the composite is analyzed with help of scanning electronic microscope (SEM), electronic probe microanalysis (EPMA) and XRD.
Ball milling processing to the densification of sample is indicated as follow(1)powdered alloy with milling 24 hours shows smaller of the average particle size compared with the milling 36 hours and has more even particle distribution due to the particles happen cold weld each other when grinds 36 hours which belongs to the second stages of mechanical alloying(.2)the grinder 36 hours’samples which obtain the maximum volumetric shrinkage at a relative lower temperature have bigger volumetric shrinkage compared with the grinder 24 hours’samples.(3)the higher carbon/vanadium ratio is usually help to the sample obtaining maximum volumetric shrinkage the earlier.(4)the longer of the milling time of the powdered alloy, the
工艺性研究表明:(1)球磨24小时的合金粉要比球磨36小时的合金粉表现出更小的平均粒径和颗粒均匀程度。这是由于球磨36小时正处于脆性-延性球磨的第二阶段,颗粒之间发生了冷焊所导致的。(2)球磨时间为36小时的试样的体积收缩要明显高于球磨时间为24小时试样,并且在比较低的温度下就达到了最大体积收缩。(3)高的碳钒比有助于粉末压坯更快的达到最大体积收缩,但同时也更容易在试样内部形成过多的孔洞。(4)球磨时间长(36h)的粉末压坯烧结后相对于球磨时间较短(24h)的粉末表现出较高和较均匀的密度。
Fe-V-C三元系碳化反应中由于V与C强的亲和力,使得在烧结温度远远低于1252oC时,钒铁中的σ相已经开始转变为钒在α-Fe中的固溶体(α-Fe,V),V与石墨发生了碳化反应,生成了V8C7。经700oC烧结后其相组成主要由碳化反应生成的V8C7和α-Fe以及没有反应的石墨和σ-(FeV)相组成。随着烧结温度的提高,V8C7的相对衍射强度显著增加,α-Fe的相对衍射强度先有微弱降低随后逐渐升高,石墨和σ-(FeV)相的相对衍射强度则急剧降低。在800 oC时候石墨的衍射峰已经消失,在850oC时候σ-(FeV)分解完毕,反应生成相
With the correct compound designing and the optimization of processing parameter selection, a kind of vanadium carbide reinforced metallic matrix composite is produced in situ by powder metallurgical technology. The effect of milling technological parameter and carbon/vanadium ratio to the densification was studied using particle-size analyzer, optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope (SEM); Decomposition mechanism ofσphase in Fe-V-C ternary system is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DTA (differential thermal analysis); Microstructure of the composite is analyzed with help of scanning electronic microscope (SEM), electronic probe microanalysis (EPMA) and XRD.
Ball milling processing to the densification of sample is indicated as follow(1)powdered alloy with milling 24 hours shows smaller of the average particle size compared with the milling 36 hours and has more even particle distribution due to the particles happen cold weld each other when grinds 36 hours which belongs to the second stages of mechanical alloying(.2)the grinder 36 hours’samples which obtain the maximum volumetric shrinkage at a relative lower temperature have bigger volumetric shrinkage compared with the grinder 24 hours’samples.(3)the higher carbon/vanadium ratio is usually help to the sample obtaining maximum volumetric shrinkage the earlier.(4)the longer of the milling time of the powdered alloy, the
引文
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