微纳米增强金属基复合涂层激光熔覆工艺及组织性能研究
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摘要
激光熔覆技术是通过在基材表面添加熔覆材料,并利用高能量密度的激光束使之与基材表面薄层一起熔凝的方法,在基材表面与熔覆层形成冶金结合的同时,使金属表面能够获得高的耐磨性、耐高温性以及抗氧化等综合性能。
本文采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法对激光熔覆多相复合材料的工艺和显微组织结构等方面进行了研究,得到了微纳米增强金属基复合涂层激光熔覆工艺的基本参数和涂层的微观组织以及对力学性能的影响规律。
在Q235钢基体表面上以不同工艺参数单道熔覆了厚度均匀的316L不锈钢粉。分别从熔覆层宏观质量与微观质量和工艺参数之间关系来分析探讨,研究了激光功率、激光扫描速度以及铺粉厚度的的变化对该材料熔覆层的表面质量、稀释率、熔覆层气孔以及对显微组织的影响,并通过优化得到适合熔覆316L不锈钢粉末的工艺参数,即功率P=1.5 kw,扫描速度V=5 mm/s,铺粉厚度S=1 mm,在此参数下,熔覆层表面光滑致密、稀释率小、气孔少且与基体实现良好的冶金结合。
以得到的优化工艺参数为基础,熔覆了掺有不同百分比的微米级碳化硅陶瓷粉的316L不锈钢粉和掺有不同百分比的纳米级碳化硅陶瓷粉的316L不锈钢粉,并分别得到熔覆试样。通过对试样宏观质量的分析,得到熔覆层材料的合理配比。对于成形较好的熔覆试样,分别通过金相组织观察、电镜扫描SEM及EDS、显微硬度以及XRD物相分析。得到了添加不同比例陶瓷增强相对熔覆层的表面质量、显微硬度和显微组织的影响规律。
Laser cladding is the method of using high energy density laser beam to coagulate cladding material to matrix surface. The metallurgical combination can be formed between matrix surface and cladding layer, at the same time, the comprehensive performance of high wear resistance, high temperature resistant, and antioxidant etc. can be deserved for fabricated materials when the technology is applied.
The process and microstructure structure of laser cladding multiphase composite materials were researched by experiment investigation and theoretical analysis in this paper. The basic parameters of nano-reinforced metal matrix coating fabricated by laser, the microstructure of the coating and the influence law to the mechanical properties were obtained.
Laser clad on the surface of Q235 steel substrate with different process parameters to get the single-channel cladding of uniform thickness 316L stainless steel powder. The papers respectively analyze and discuss the relationship between the cladding layers macro quality and micro quality with the technology parameters. Study the influence law of the laser power, scanning speed and shop power thickness to surface quality, diluted rate, stomatal quantity and microstructure of the material cladding layers. and find out the suitable parameters for cladding 316L stainless steel powder technology, such as power P = 1.5 kw, scanning speed V = 5 mm/s, spread powder thickness S = 1 mm, using this parameter, Cladding layer surface smooth and compact, small dilute rate, less stomatal and formed good metallurgical combination with the base metal.
Based on the process parameter obtained above, laser clad the 316L stainless steel powder mixed with different percentage of micro-structured ceramic powder of silicon carbide and mixed with different percentage of nano-scale sic ceramics powder, and separately get cladding specimens. After the sample quality analyzing, the reasonable matching of cladding layers material is got. For the good cladding specimens formed, respectively through the microstructure, scanning electronic microscopy SEM and EDS, micro-hardness and XRD object analyzing. Finally, getting the influence law to the surface quality, microhardness and microstructure of cladding layer adding different proportions ceramic reinforced phase.
本文采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法对激光熔覆多相复合材料的工艺和显微组织结构等方面进行了研究,得到了微纳米增强金属基复合涂层激光熔覆工艺的基本参数和涂层的微观组织以及对力学性能的影响规律。
在Q235钢基体表面上以不同工艺参数单道熔覆了厚度均匀的316L不锈钢粉。分别从熔覆层宏观质量与微观质量和工艺参数之间关系来分析探讨,研究了激光功率、激光扫描速度以及铺粉厚度的的变化对该材料熔覆层的表面质量、稀释率、熔覆层气孔以及对显微组织的影响,并通过优化得到适合熔覆316L不锈钢粉末的工艺参数,即功率P=1.5 kw,扫描速度V=5 mm/s,铺粉厚度S=1 mm,在此参数下,熔覆层表面光滑致密、稀释率小、气孔少且与基体实现良好的冶金结合。
以得到的优化工艺参数为基础,熔覆了掺有不同百分比的微米级碳化硅陶瓷粉的316L不锈钢粉和掺有不同百分比的纳米级碳化硅陶瓷粉的316L不锈钢粉,并分别得到熔覆试样。通过对试样宏观质量的分析,得到熔覆层材料的合理配比。对于成形较好的熔覆试样,分别通过金相组织观察、电镜扫描SEM及EDS、显微硬度以及XRD物相分析。得到了添加不同比例陶瓷增强相对熔覆层的表面质量、显微硬度和显微组织的影响规律。
Laser cladding is the method of using high energy density laser beam to coagulate cladding material to matrix surface. The metallurgical combination can be formed between matrix surface and cladding layer, at the same time, the comprehensive performance of high wear resistance, high temperature resistant, and antioxidant etc. can be deserved for fabricated materials when the technology is applied.
The process and microstructure structure of laser cladding multiphase composite materials were researched by experiment investigation and theoretical analysis in this paper. The basic parameters of nano-reinforced metal matrix coating fabricated by laser, the microstructure of the coating and the influence law to the mechanical properties were obtained.
Laser clad on the surface of Q235 steel substrate with different process parameters to get the single-channel cladding of uniform thickness 316L stainless steel powder. The papers respectively analyze and discuss the relationship between the cladding layers macro quality and micro quality with the technology parameters. Study the influence law of the laser power, scanning speed and shop power thickness to surface quality, diluted rate, stomatal quantity and microstructure of the material cladding layers. and find out the suitable parameters for cladding 316L stainless steel powder technology, such as power P = 1.5 kw, scanning speed V = 5 mm/s, spread powder thickness S = 1 mm, using this parameter, Cladding layer surface smooth and compact, small dilute rate, less stomatal and formed good metallurgical combination with the base metal.
Based on the process parameter obtained above, laser clad the 316L stainless steel powder mixed with different percentage of micro-structured ceramic powder of silicon carbide and mixed with different percentage of nano-scale sic ceramics powder, and separately get cladding specimens. After the sample quality analyzing, the reasonable matching of cladding layers material is got. For the good cladding specimens formed, respectively through the microstructure, scanning electronic microscopy SEM and EDS, micro-hardness and XRD object analyzing. Finally, getting the influence law to the surface quality, microhardness and microstructure of cladding layer adding different proportions ceramic reinforced phase.
引文
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2贾文鹏,陈静,林鑫,等.激光快速成形过程中粉末与熔池交互作用的数值模拟.金属学报,2007:546-552
3藤平平.激光熔覆螺杆表面数控修复工艺研究.[东北大学硕士学位论文].2007:11-13
4董世运,马运哲,徐傧士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状.材料导报,2006,20(6):5-9
5 Heng Li, Xiaoyan Zeng, Qianwu Hu.Characteristic Analysis and Design Priciple Riview of Fe-based Alloy for Laser Cladding. China Surface Engineering, 2007,20(4):11-15
6 S.Sarkar, P.MohanRaj, S.Chakraborty, etal. Transport Phenomena in laser surface alloying. Journal of Materials Science, 2003:160-164
7涂义,张永忠,席明哲.不锈钢表面激光熔覆镍基合金层研究.稀有金属, 2008,32(5):52-68
8董世运,马运哲,徐傧士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状.材料导报,2006,20(6):3-4
9 Yingxing Ma, Wenjin Liu, etal. Influence of Nb on the microstructure of laser clad compsitive coating reinforced by in-situ particles. Applied Laser, 2006,26(3):145-147
10颜永根,斯松华,张晖,等.激光熔覆Co+ Ni/ WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能.焊接学报,2007:30-49
11 A.Viswanathan, D. Sastikuma, Harish kumar, etal. Formation of WC-iron silicide (Fe5Si3) composite clad layer on AISI 316L stainless steel by high power (CO2) laser. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2008,19(12):1-10
12张栋,马向东,刘睿,等.激光熔覆Ni基WC合金的固体粒子冲蚀磨损研究.润滑与密封,2008,33(7):64-65
13李国英.材料及其制品表面加工新技术.长沙:中南大学出版社,2002:58-73
14徐滨士.表面工程新技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:128-131
15邹德宁,雷永平,黄廷禄,等.移动热源条件下熔池内流体流动和传热问题的数值研究.金属学报,2000:387-390
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17颜永根,斯松华,张晖,等.激光熔覆Co+ Ni/ WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能.焊接学报,2007,28(7):43-49
18王旭,张俊善,雷明,等.凯强流脉冲离子束辐照对316L不锈钢表面改性的实验研究.金属学报,2007,(1):56-68
19 yotsna Dutta Majumdar, Ajeet Kumar.Direct laser cladding of SiC dispersed AISI
316L stainless steel. Mechanisms and Machine Theory, 1978,35(200):29-30
20居毅,郭邵义,李宗全.金属表面激光合金化及熔覆处理的研究进展.材料科学与工程,2002,20(1):143-145
21刘建明,杨素媛.激光熔覆技术研究进展.中国材料进展,2009,3(2):23-34
22 Clyne T W, Withers PJ. An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites. Cambridge University Press, 1993,(3): 176-179
23王亚利,郝俊杰,郭志猛,等.316L不锈钢粉末的凝胶注模成形.粉末冶金工业,2007,(3):46-67
24 Wang.A.H., Yue.T.M.. YAG laser cladding of an AI-SI alloy onto an Mg/SIC composite for the improvement of corrosion resistance. Composites. Science and Technology, 2001,(4):1549-1554
25任振安,郭作兴,吴山力.工艺参数对铜基激光熔覆层组织及耐磨性的影响.焊接学报,2000, 23(1):69-72
26 Novak C J, In.Peckner.D, Bernstein.IM, etal. Hand book of stainless steels. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1977,(1):36-41
27 Bul Fazal M Arif. Numerical prediction of plastic deformation and residual stresses induced by laser shock processing. Mater Proce Techn, 2003, (136):120
28 Zhong ming Lin, Bor-Chyang Hwang. Coaxial laser cladding on an inclined substrate. Opties&LaserTechnology, 1999,31:548-578
29王亚利,郝俊杰,郭志猛,等.316L不锈钢粉末的凝胶注模成形.粉末冶金工业,2007,(4):12-35
30张永忠,席明哲,石力开.激光熔覆沉积制备多层316L不锈钢-Stellite31合金梯度功能材料.金属学报,2007,(2):11-15
31 Bul Fazal M Arif. Numerical prediction of plastic deformation and residual stresses induced by laser shock processing. Mater Proce Techn, 2003,136:120
32邹德宁,雷永平,黄廷禄,等.移动热源条件下熔池内流体流动和传热问题的数值研究.金属学报,2000,(4):367-379
33 Yilbas B S, Shuja S Z, Arif A, etal. Laser shock processing of steel. Mater Proces Techn, 2003,135:8
34 Sheng Li, Xiaoyan Zeng, Qianwu Hu. Characteristic Analysis and Design Priciple Riview of Fe-based Alloy for Laser Cladding. China Surface Engineering, 2007,20(4): 16-19
35宋建丽,邓琦林,胡德金,等.宽带激光熔覆高硬度火焰喷涂层组织和裂纹行为.机械工程学报,2006,(3):10-19
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2贾文鹏,陈静,林鑫,等.激光快速成形过程中粉末与熔池交互作用的数值模拟.金属学报,2007:546-552
3藤平平.激光熔覆螺杆表面数控修复工艺研究.[东北大学硕士学位论文].2007:11-13
4董世运,马运哲,徐傧士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状.材料导报,2006,20(6):5-9
5 Heng Li, Xiaoyan Zeng, Qianwu Hu.Characteristic Analysis and Design Priciple Riview of Fe-based Alloy for Laser Cladding. China Surface Engineering, 2007,20(4):11-15
6 S.Sarkar, P.MohanRaj, S.Chakraborty, etal. Transport Phenomena in laser surface alloying. Journal of Materials Science, 2003:160-164
7涂义,张永忠,席明哲.不锈钢表面激光熔覆镍基合金层研究.稀有金属, 2008,32(5):52-68
8董世运,马运哲,徐傧士,等.激光熔覆材料研究现状.材料导报,2006,20(6):3-4
9 Yingxing Ma, Wenjin Liu, etal. Influence of Nb on the microstructure of laser clad compsitive coating reinforced by in-situ particles. Applied Laser, 2006,26(3):145-147
10颜永根,斯松华,张晖,等.激光熔覆Co+ Ni/ WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能.焊接学报,2007:30-49
11 A.Viswanathan, D. Sastikuma, Harish kumar, etal. Formation of WC-iron silicide (Fe5Si3) composite clad layer on AISI 316L stainless steel by high power (CO2) laser. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2008,19(12):1-10
12张栋,马向东,刘睿,等.激光熔覆Ni基WC合金的固体粒子冲蚀磨损研究.润滑与密封,2008,33(7):64-65
13李国英.材料及其制品表面加工新技术.长沙:中南大学出版社,2002:58-73
14徐滨士.表面工程新技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:128-131
15邹德宁,雷永平,黄廷禄,等.移动热源条件下熔池内流体流动和传热问题的数值研究.金属学报,2000:387-390
16 T.M.Yue, Y.P.Su. Laser cladding of SiC reinforced Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 amorphous coating on magnesium substrate. Applied Surface Science, 2008, (255):1692–1698
17颜永根,斯松华,张晖,等.激光熔覆Co+ Ni/ WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能.焊接学报,2007,28(7):43-49
18王旭,张俊善,雷明,等.凯强流脉冲离子束辐照对316L不锈钢表面改性的实验研究.金属学报,2007,(1):56-68
19 yotsna Dutta Majumdar, Ajeet Kumar.Direct laser cladding of SiC dispersed AISI
316L stainless steel. Mechanisms and Machine Theory, 1978,35(200):29-30
20居毅,郭邵义,李宗全.金属表面激光合金化及熔覆处理的研究进展.材料科学与工程,2002,20(1):143-145
21刘建明,杨素媛.激光熔覆技术研究进展.中国材料进展,2009,3(2):23-34
22 Clyne T W, Withers PJ. An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites. Cambridge University Press, 1993,(3): 176-179
23王亚利,郝俊杰,郭志猛,等.316L不锈钢粉末的凝胶注模成形.粉末冶金工业,2007,(3):46-67
24 Wang.A.H., Yue.T.M.. YAG laser cladding of an AI-SI alloy onto an Mg/SIC composite for the improvement of corrosion resistance. Composites. Science and Technology, 2001,(4):1549-1554
25任振安,郭作兴,吴山力.工艺参数对铜基激光熔覆层组织及耐磨性的影响.焊接学报,2000, 23(1):69-72
26 Novak C J, In.Peckner.D, Bernstein.IM, etal. Hand book of stainless steels. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1977,(1):36-41
27 Bul Fazal M Arif. Numerical prediction of plastic deformation and residual stresses induced by laser shock processing. Mater Proce Techn, 2003, (136):120
28 Zhong ming Lin, Bor-Chyang Hwang. Coaxial laser cladding on an inclined substrate. Opties&LaserTechnology, 1999,31:548-578
29王亚利,郝俊杰,郭志猛,等.316L不锈钢粉末的凝胶注模成形.粉末冶金工业,2007,(4):12-35
30张永忠,席明哲,石力开.激光熔覆沉积制备多层316L不锈钢-Stellite31合金梯度功能材料.金属学报,2007,(2):11-15
31 Bul Fazal M Arif. Numerical prediction of plastic deformation and residual stresses induced by laser shock processing. Mater Proce Techn, 2003,136:120
32邹德宁,雷永平,黄廷禄,等.移动热源条件下熔池内流体流动和传热问题的数值研究.金属学报,2000,(4):367-379
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