石油钻井液完井液用乳化石蜡的研究及应用
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摘要
伴随着世界工业的发展和对能源需求的增加,石油工业的作用日渐突出,为了能将有限的石油资源充分的开发利用,就必须提高钻探技术。在钻探过程中起着极其重要作用的钻井液技术也面临着全新的挑战,这就要求石油工作者要积极开发新的钻井液处理剂,以满足钻井液处理剂越来越高标准的技术要求。
本文从如何充分合理利用石蜡资源和满足钻井作业需求的角度出发,对石蜡乳化技术进行了研究,研究了乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度、液相粘度、表面活性剂的作用等对石蜡乳化的影响,利用激光粒度分析仪对乳化石蜡进行粒度测试,其粒径分布范围在0.1-1.0μm之间,具有很好的稳定性能。同时研究了产品对钻井液密度、流变性能、滤失量、润滑性能和页岩抑制性能的影响进行了评价和分析。并对其作用机理进行了深入的探讨和分析。
实验结果表明:本文研制的乳化石蜡对钻井液的密度和流变性能影响极小,同时具有很好的润滑效果和页岩抑制效果。当其在钻井液中的加量为2.5%时,其粘附系数降低率为50%;页岩膨胀降低率为28%。
通过实验中乳化石蜡所表现出的性能来看,该处理剂具有很好的应用效果,达到以致超过了国内同类产品的水平,不失为一种优秀的钻井液处理剂。
With the development of world industry and the increase of the energy demand in the world,the effect of petroleum industry will more and more important. In order to exploit the limit oil resource,we must enhance the drilling technic. As the same time,the drilling fluid technic which take very important effect in driling face a new challenge. This demand oil operator exploit new drilling agent and content the high standard of drilling fluid agents.
With the opinion of effective utilization of the paraffin resource and satisfying the demands of drilling work, the technic of paraffin emulsion was study. At the same time, we study the effect from emulsification time,emulsification temperature,mix speed, viscidity liquid, surface active agent to paraffin emulsion. Test granularity of paraffin emulsion with laser granularity equipment. After that, the effect of drilling fluid's density, filtration, HTHP filtration, rheology behavior, lubricate ability, inhibitive ability of the product has been evaluated.
Experiments' result express: This new product shows higher lubricate ability and inhibitive ability than the traditional one. With 2.5% capacity, the adhere factor reduction rate is 50% and shale hydration reduction rate is 28%.
This paraffin emulsion exhibit excellent application effect. I could as a good drilling fluid agent in drilling .
本文从如何充分合理利用石蜡资源和满足钻井作业需求的角度出发,对石蜡乳化技术进行了研究,研究了乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度、液相粘度、表面活性剂的作用等对石蜡乳化的影响,利用激光粒度分析仪对乳化石蜡进行粒度测试,其粒径分布范围在0.1-1.0μm之间,具有很好的稳定性能。同时研究了产品对钻井液密度、流变性能、滤失量、润滑性能和页岩抑制性能的影响进行了评价和分析。并对其作用机理进行了深入的探讨和分析。
实验结果表明:本文研制的乳化石蜡对钻井液的密度和流变性能影响极小,同时具有很好的润滑效果和页岩抑制效果。当其在钻井液中的加量为2.5%时,其粘附系数降低率为50%;页岩膨胀降低率为28%。
通过实验中乳化石蜡所表现出的性能来看,该处理剂具有很好的应用效果,达到以致超过了国内同类产品的水平,不失为一种优秀的钻井液处理剂。
With the development of world industry and the increase of the energy demand in the world,the effect of petroleum industry will more and more important. In order to exploit the limit oil resource,we must enhance the drilling technic. As the same time,the drilling fluid technic which take very important effect in driling face a new challenge. This demand oil operator exploit new drilling agent and content the high standard of drilling fluid agents.
With the opinion of effective utilization of the paraffin resource and satisfying the demands of drilling work, the technic of paraffin emulsion was study. At the same time, we study the effect from emulsification time,emulsification temperature,mix speed, viscidity liquid, surface active agent to paraffin emulsion. Test granularity of paraffin emulsion with laser granularity equipment. After that, the effect of drilling fluid's density, filtration, HTHP filtration, rheology behavior, lubricate ability, inhibitive ability of the product has been evaluated.
Experiments' result express: This new product shows higher lubricate ability and inhibitive ability than the traditional one. With 2.5% capacity, the adhere factor reduction rate is 50% and shale hydration reduction rate is 28%.
This paraffin emulsion exhibit excellent application effect. I could as a good drilling fluid agent in drilling .
引文
[1]黄汉仁,杨坤鹏,罗平亚.泥浆工艺原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[2]SPE 3694
[3]SPE 4515
[4]MagcoBar Co.Drilling Fulid Engineering Manual,1977
[5]王果庭,张春光.聚丙烯酰胺不分散低固相泥浆.北京:地质出版社,1980
[6]张春光.聚丙烯酰胺泥浆的成分和性能的研究.北京:地质出版社,1981
[7]陈乐亮,汪桂娟.甲酸盐基钻井液完井液体系综述.钻井液与完井液,2003 1(20)
[8]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].2001年5月第1版.东营:石油大学出版社,2003 1～2
[9]谢和溢.Ⅱ号盐抑制剂的研究,油田化学,1987(3)
[10]王文臣.钻探润滑剂-纸浆浮油皂.地质与勘探,1983(3)
[11]徐同台,陈乐亮,罗平亚.深井泥浆.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
[12]孙玉学,王铁军等.储层损害及保护技术[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993
[13]李克向主编.保护油气层钻井完井技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[14]赵忠举,徐同台.国外钻井液新技术[M].钻井液与完井液.2000,17(1):25
[15]S.C.Polaszek,L.J.Fraser.:Drilling Fluid Formulation for Shallow Offshore Horizontal[J]Well Applications.SPE 22577.
[16]国外钻升液处理剂20年发展分析[J]钻井液与完井液 2005,22(增刊):1-4
[17]钻井液体系分类方法研究[D]石油钻采工艺 2004,26(3):27-29
[18]赵金洲,张桂林.钻升工程技术手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[19]王关清,陈元顿.深井和超深井钻井的难点分析和对策探讨[J].石油钻采工艺.1998
[20]栾文楼,李明路著.膨润土的开发应用.北京:地质出版社,1998
[21]李英堂.应用矿物学.北京:科学出版社,1995
[22]陈乐亮.钻井中所遇复杂问题综述.钻井液与完井液,1987(1)
[23]许冀泉.粘土的吸水膨胀及其测定方法.钻井液与完井液,1989,6(2)
[24]洪培云,刘占国.粘土矿物分析是钻井液体系选择的基础.钻井液与完井液,19896(2)
[25]R.E.Grim,Applied Caly Mineralogy,1962
[26]Low,P.F.,邵宗臣译.粘粒-水的相互作用的物理化学.土壤译丛,1965(1)
[27]薛家华.粘土-水体系中的水.土壤化学原理.北京:科学出版社,1987
[28]吴隆杰.钻井液译文集.北京:地质出版社,1982
[29]SPE 4320
[30]Michem Co.Drilling Fluids Reference Masnual,1980
[31]Milchem Co.Drilling Fluids Additives,1980
[32]李健鹰.磺化木素磺甲基酚醛树脂的研究及其在钻井泥浆中的应用.华东石油学院学报,1980(2)
[33]何勤功,古大治编著.油田开发用高分子材料.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[34]王中华.高分子处理剂的结构与性能分析.钻井液与完井液,1987(3)
[35]杨贤友,樊世忠.阳离子有机聚合物粘土稳定剂初步研究.钻井液与完井液,1987(3)
[36]吴隆杰,杨凤霞编著.钻井液处理剂胶体化学原理.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992
[37]李健鹰.泥浆胶体化学.东营:石油大学出版社,1988
[38]Bhawal S.,Pokhriyal N.K.,Devi S.,European Polymer Journal [J],2002,38(4):735
[39]李红梅.沥青乳化剂的研制.化学工程师,2005,(6):59-60Aveyard R,Binks B P,Clint J H.Emulsions stabilised solely by colloidal
[40]particles.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.100-102(2003):503-546
[41]Binks B P.Particles as surfactants similarities and differences.Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.7(2002):21-41
[42]Tchesskaya T Y,Zatovsky A V.The thermal fluctuations of diluted emulsion.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.108-109(2004):23-27
[43]曹志涛,侯波,陈文艺,王海彦.石蜡无催化剂氧化改性.辽宁石油化工大学学报.2005,(2):26-28
[44]Ghannam M T.Water-in-crude oil emulsion stability investigation.Petroleum Science and Technology,23(2005):649-667
[45]张丽等,高桥石化,(4),15(1990)
[46]P.贝歇尔.乳状液理论与实践。北京:科学出版社,1978
47]赵国玺,表面活性剂物理化学(修订版)、北京大学出版社(1991)
[48]Earon J L,Hughes FA.Proc Chem Specialtes Mfrs Assoc.197(1950)
[49]Atlas Chemical Industries Inc.A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions
[50]Treffler A.Soap Samit Chemicals 28(4).147(1952)
[51]US 1 709 498
[52]US 2 050 428
[53]US 2 266 700
[54]US 2 290 452
[55]US 2 292 323
[56]Proceedings of the Seminaron What's New in Equipment;Waxes and Hot Melt Chicago(1968)
[57]US 3 847 636
[58]Kingery W D.Ceramic Fabrication Processes,J Wiley Inter-science Pub.New York(1958)Cannon R W,Swaco M I;Martin D,CSI Reduction of Synthetic Based
[59]Fluid Discharges Offshore by the Use of Vertical Basket Centrifuges SPE/EPA/DOE Exploration and Production Environmental Conference,2001 SPE 66535
[60]蓝强,苏长明.乳液和乳化技术及其在钻井液完井液中的应用.钻井液与完井液,2006(3);61-68
[61]Alcantara C A,Guzman C,Rodriguez A.Characterization and Synthesis of Synthetic Drilling Fluid Shale Stabilizer.2000 SPE 59050Langevin D,Poteau S,Henaut I,et al.Crude oil emulsion properties and
[62]their application to heavy oil transportation.Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue de L.Institut Francais du Petrole,59(2004):511-521
[63]Pa tel A D,L.L.C.Reversible Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids-A Quantum Leap in Technology.1998 SPE 47772Dick M A,L.L.C,Etc.Reversible Invert Emulsion System Used to
[64]Significantly Increase Water Injection Rates in an Open Hole,Stand-Alone Sreen Completion in West Africa.2003 SPE 82278
[65]张琰,任丽荣.线性石蜡基钻井液高温高压性能的研究.探矿工程,2005(5);47-49
[66]KronerA,Seifen Ole Wachse,80.115-139(1954)
[67]Kok M V,Alikaya T.Effect of polymers,on the rheological properties of KCI/Polymer type drilling fluids.Energy Sources,27(2005):405-415Wang W X,Zhou Z,XuZ H,Masliyah J H.Effect of charged colloidal
[68]particles on adsorption of surfactants at oil-water interface.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.274(2004):625-630
[69]沈本贤,冯玉海,高晋生.氧化石蜡微乳液的研制.日用化学工业,
[70]樊世忠.保护油气层技术讲座.钻井液与完井液,1989(3)
[71]李风艳,赵天波。多功能、高附加值乳化蜡产品的生产及应用[J].精细化工,1997,14(1):33-36
[72]北原文雄.表面活性剂.孙绍曾译.北京:化学工业出版社,1984.122～126,203～204
[73]应向东.石蜡乳液的制备及影响因素探讨.建筑人造板,1996,(4);11-12Nushtaeva A V,Kruglyakov P M.Capillary pressure in thinning emulsion
[74]film stabilized with solids pherical particles.Colloid,Journal.65(2003):341-349
[75]Riyamy K A,Sharma M M,University of Texas at Austin.Filtration Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsions containing Solids.2002 SPE 73769
[2]SPE 3694
[3]SPE 4515
[4]MagcoBar Co.Drilling Fulid Engineering Manual,1977
[5]王果庭,张春光.聚丙烯酰胺不分散低固相泥浆.北京:地质出版社,1980
[6]张春光.聚丙烯酰胺泥浆的成分和性能的研究.北京:地质出版社,1981
[7]陈乐亮,汪桂娟.甲酸盐基钻井液完井液体系综述.钻井液与完井液,2003 1(20)
[8]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].2001年5月第1版.东营:石油大学出版社,2003 1～2
[9]谢和溢.Ⅱ号盐抑制剂的研究,油田化学,1987(3)
[10]王文臣.钻探润滑剂-纸浆浮油皂.地质与勘探,1983(3)
[11]徐同台,陈乐亮,罗平亚.深井泥浆.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
[12]孙玉学,王铁军等.储层损害及保护技术[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993
[13]李克向主编.保护油气层钻井完井技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[14]赵忠举,徐同台.国外钻井液新技术[M].钻井液与完井液.2000,17(1):25
[15]S.C.Polaszek,L.J.Fraser.:Drilling Fluid Formulation for Shallow Offshore Horizontal[J]Well Applications.SPE 22577.
[16]国外钻升液处理剂20年发展分析[J]钻井液与完井液 2005,22(增刊):1-4
[17]钻井液体系分类方法研究[D]石油钻采工艺 2004,26(3):27-29
[18]赵金洲,张桂林.钻升工程技术手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2004
[19]王关清,陈元顿.深井和超深井钻井的难点分析和对策探讨[J].石油钻采工艺.1998
[20]栾文楼,李明路著.膨润土的开发应用.北京:地质出版社,1998
[21]李英堂.应用矿物学.北京:科学出版社,1995
[22]陈乐亮.钻井中所遇复杂问题综述.钻井液与完井液,1987(1)
[23]许冀泉.粘土的吸水膨胀及其测定方法.钻井液与完井液,1989,6(2)
[24]洪培云,刘占国.粘土矿物分析是钻井液体系选择的基础.钻井液与完井液,19896(2)
[25]R.E.Grim,Applied Caly Mineralogy,1962
[26]Low,P.F.,邵宗臣译.粘粒-水的相互作用的物理化学.土壤译丛,1965(1)
[27]薛家华.粘土-水体系中的水.土壤化学原理.北京:科学出版社,1987
[28]吴隆杰.钻井液译文集.北京:地质出版社,1982
[29]SPE 4320
[30]Michem Co.Drilling Fluids Reference Masnual,1980
[31]Milchem Co.Drilling Fluids Additives,1980
[32]李健鹰.磺化木素磺甲基酚醛树脂的研究及其在钻井泥浆中的应用.华东石油学院学报,1980(2)
[33]何勤功,古大治编著.油田开发用高分子材料.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[34]王中华.高分子处理剂的结构与性能分析.钻井液与完井液,1987(3)
[35]杨贤友,樊世忠.阳离子有机聚合物粘土稳定剂初步研究.钻井液与完井液,1987(3)
[36]吴隆杰,杨凤霞编著.钻井液处理剂胶体化学原理.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992
[37]李健鹰.泥浆胶体化学.东营:石油大学出版社,1988
[38]Bhawal S.,Pokhriyal N.K.,Devi S.,European Polymer Journal [J],2002,38(4):735
[39]李红梅.沥青乳化剂的研制.化学工程师,2005,(6):59-60Aveyard R,Binks B P,Clint J H.Emulsions stabilised solely by colloidal
[40]particles.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.100-102(2003):503-546
[41]Binks B P.Particles as surfactants similarities and differences.Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.7(2002):21-41
[42]Tchesskaya T Y,Zatovsky A V.The thermal fluctuations of diluted emulsion.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.108-109(2004):23-27
[43]曹志涛,侯波,陈文艺,王海彦.石蜡无催化剂氧化改性.辽宁石油化工大学学报.2005,(2):26-28
[44]Ghannam M T.Water-in-crude oil emulsion stability investigation.Petroleum Science and Technology,23(2005):649-667
[45]张丽等,高桥石化,(4),15(1990)
[46]P.贝歇尔.乳状液理论与实践。北京:科学出版社,1978
47]赵国玺,表面活性剂物理化学(修订版)、北京大学出版社(1991)
[48]Earon J L,Hughes FA.Proc Chem Specialtes Mfrs Assoc.197(1950)
[49]Atlas Chemical Industries Inc.A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions
[50]Treffler A.Soap Samit Chemicals 28(4).147(1952)
[51]US 1 709 498
[52]US 2 050 428
[53]US 2 266 700
[54]US 2 290 452
[55]US 2 292 323
[56]Proceedings of the Seminaron What's New in Equipment;Waxes and Hot Melt Chicago(1968)
[57]US 3 847 636
[58]Kingery W D.Ceramic Fabrication Processes,J Wiley Inter-science Pub.New York(1958)Cannon R W,Swaco M I;Martin D,CSI Reduction of Synthetic Based
[59]Fluid Discharges Offshore by the Use of Vertical Basket Centrifuges SPE/EPA/DOE Exploration and Production Environmental Conference,2001 SPE 66535
[60]蓝强,苏长明.乳液和乳化技术及其在钻井液完井液中的应用.钻井液与完井液,2006(3);61-68
[61]Alcantara C A,Guzman C,Rodriguez A.Characterization and Synthesis of Synthetic Drilling Fluid Shale Stabilizer.2000 SPE 59050Langevin D,Poteau S,Henaut I,et al.Crude oil emulsion properties and
[62]their application to heavy oil transportation.Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue de L.Institut Francais du Petrole,59(2004):511-521
[63]Pa tel A D,L.L.C.Reversible Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids-A Quantum Leap in Technology.1998 SPE 47772Dick M A,L.L.C,Etc.Reversible Invert Emulsion System Used to
[64]Significantly Increase Water Injection Rates in an Open Hole,Stand-Alone Sreen Completion in West Africa.2003 SPE 82278
[65]张琰,任丽荣.线性石蜡基钻井液高温高压性能的研究.探矿工程,2005(5);47-49
[66]KronerA,Seifen Ole Wachse,80.115-139(1954)
[67]Kok M V,Alikaya T.Effect of polymers,on the rheological properties of KCI/Polymer type drilling fluids.Energy Sources,27(2005):405-415Wang W X,Zhou Z,XuZ H,Masliyah J H.Effect of charged colloidal
[68]particles on adsorption of surfactants at oil-water interface.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.274(2004):625-630
[69]沈本贤,冯玉海,高晋生.氧化石蜡微乳液的研制.日用化学工业,
[70]樊世忠.保护油气层技术讲座.钻井液与完井液,1989(3)
[71]李风艳,赵天波。多功能、高附加值乳化蜡产品的生产及应用[J].精细化工,1997,14(1):33-36
[72]北原文雄.表面活性剂.孙绍曾译.北京:化学工业出版社,1984.122～126,203～204
[73]应向东.石蜡乳液的制备及影响因素探讨.建筑人造板,1996,(4);11-12Nushtaeva A V,Kruglyakov P M.Capillary pressure in thinning emulsion
[74]film stabilized with solids pherical particles.Colloid,Journal.65(2003):341-349
[75]Riyamy K A,Sharma M M,University of Texas at Austin.Filtration Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsions containing Solids.2002 SPE 73769