不扩束激光粉尘粒度分布测试系统的研究
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摘要
本文以江苏省激光研究所委托“超高浓度粉尘检测报警装置”项目为背景，研究用不扩束激光进行粉尘粒度分布在线测量的方法，从理论和实验两方面都进行了一些探索。
首次提出采用不扩束激光的颗粒群衍射光强分布信号测定粉尘粒度分布的新思路，从理论上证明了颗粒群的衍射光能量角分布在时间累积和空间累积上的等效性。在此基础上，改进了传统的前向光散射角分布测试方法，建立了不扩束激光粉尘衍射光角分布实验测量装置。该装置避免了由于光源的扩束而带来的杂散光以及系统体积增加等问题，提高了信号的信噪比，大大减小了测试系统的体积，使系统更加稳定可靠。针对目前国内粒度仪产品都只能对湿粉进行测量的问题，设计了粉尘发生器，直接对干粉测量，为现场的实时在线检测创造了条件。由于计算机和CCD技术的发展，光电检测的器件由高灵敏度的CCD面元替代传统的光电环靶，大大提高了测量的精度和速度。同时在消除主光束的影响及如何确定图像的中心方面做了一些有益的工作。
The research of this thesis is based on the project "device for detection and alarm of ultra-high concentrate dust" that is supported by Jiangsu laser institute. The on-line detection technique for the particles distribution in radius without laser beam expansion is investigated in theory and experiment.
A method for detecting the collective particles distribution in intensity by optical diffraction technique without laser beam expansion is first proposed. For the collective particles, the time-integration is proved equivalent in theory to the space- integration in the angular distribution of scattering optical energy. The conventional system for particles detection based on fore-scattering principle is simplified and some practical problems, such as the stray light induced by beam expansion and the volume increase, are resolved. In this way, the signal-to-noise ratio of this detection system is greatly increased and the corresponding volume is reduced. The stability of the whole system is enhanced. Due to the available particle detectors that can only measure wet dust, a novel dust generator is designed, which can be applied for dry dust detection on line. With the development of computers and CCD technique, the high-sensitive CCD surface has substituted the conventional photoelectric circle surface as the photoelectric detector, which leads to the distinct increase in both accuracy and speed. Besides, how to eliminate the main light influence and determine the center of recorded images are also studied in detail.
首次提出采用不扩束激光的颗粒群衍射光强分布信号测定粉尘粒度分布的新思路，从理论上证明了颗粒群的衍射光能量角分布在时间累积和空间累积上的等效性。在此基础上，改进了传统的前向光散射角分布测试方法，建立了不扩束激光粉尘衍射光角分布实验测量装置。该装置避免了由于光源的扩束而带来的杂散光以及系统体积增加等问题，提高了信号的信噪比，大大减小了测试系统的体积，使系统更加稳定可靠。针对目前国内粒度仪产品都只能对湿粉进行测量的问题，设计了粉尘发生器，直接对干粉测量，为现场的实时在线检测创造了条件。由于计算机和CCD技术的发展，光电检测的器件由高灵敏度的CCD面元替代传统的光电环靶，大大提高了测量的精度和速度。同时在消除主光束的影响及如何确定图像的中心方面做了一些有益的工作。
The research of this thesis is based on the project "device for detection and alarm of ultra-high concentrate dust" that is supported by Jiangsu laser institute. The on-line detection technique for the particles distribution in radius without laser beam expansion is investigated in theory and experiment.
A method for detecting the collective particles distribution in intensity by optical diffraction technique without laser beam expansion is first proposed. For the collective particles, the time-integration is proved equivalent in theory to the space- integration in the angular distribution of scattering optical energy. The conventional system for particles detection based on fore-scattering principle is simplified and some practical problems, such as the stray light induced by beam expansion and the volume increase, are resolved. In this way, the signal-to-noise ratio of this detection system is greatly increased and the corresponding volume is reduced. The stability of the whole system is enhanced. Due to the available particle detectors that can only measure wet dust, a novel dust generator is designed, which can be applied for dry dust detection on line. With the development of computers and CCD technique, the high-sensitive CCD surface has substituted the conventional photoelectric circle surface as the photoelectric detector, which leads to the distinct increase in both accuracy and speed. Besides, how to eliminate the main light influence and determine the center of recorded images are also studied in detail.
引文
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12. S.Roscano and etc, Coordinate-free scattering of light by a sphere, J.Opt., 29, 88～94(1998)
13. M.K.singham, S.B.singham, etc, The scattering matrix for randomly oriented particles, J.Chem.Phys, 85, 3807～3812(1986)
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liar measurements theory, A.O., 37(12), 2448～2455(1998)
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17. P.C.Ariesohn, etc, Two-wavelength laser transnissometer for measurements of the mean size and concentration of coal ash droplets in combustion flows, A.O., 19(22), 3775～3783(1980)
18．王乃宁，光学全散射微粒测量方法的改进和发展，上海机械学院学报，9(1987)
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34．王乃宁．颗粒粒径的光学测量技术及应用[M]．北京：原子能出版社．2000，129-130
35．A．石丸著．随机介质中波的传播和散射．北京：科学出版社．1986
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38．童嵩．粒度与比表面积测量原理．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1989
39．刘子超．液雾及颗粒的激光测量原理．北京：宇航出版社．1988
40．杨晔，张镇西，蒋大宗．关于大颗粒Mie散射与Fraunhofer衍射问题的分析比较．激光技术．1998(1)18-21
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43．纪运景．光学衍射法粒子群粒度分布中值粒径概率密度分布函数的数学模型．硕士学位论文．南京：南京理工大学，2002
44．张志伟，郑刚，虞先煌等．PSS激光瞬态颗粒测量装置的研制和应用．中国激光．1995，22(10)：743-746
45．郑刚等．求解双峰颗粒尺寸分布的一种新方法．中国激光．1998，Vol．(4)
46．米凤文，牟同生．激光粒度分析仪的数值计算．光学仪器．1995，Vol．17(4／5)：P8～11
47．应萱同．用激光衍射测量群体微粒尺寸分布的计算机模拟和拟合．计算物理．1996，Vol．13(2)：P191～194
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49. Litchford, et al. Optcal measurement of gas turbine engine soot particle effluents. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. & Power. No.120. P69～76(1998)
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54. Voitova.N, Kudrevitskii.EA, et al. Particle size distribution for the flame from a mixture containing magnesium powder. Fiz.goreniya I vzryva. No.2. P292～296(1976)
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56. Yildiz.B,Subasi.M & sever.A. On a regularization problem. Appl.Math.Comput., 109, P67～72(2000)
57．叶茂．两相流颗粒粒径分布及浓度的光散射在线测量方法研究．博士学位论文．东南大学，南京，2000
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68．游明俊编著．傅里叶光学．北京：兵器工业出版社．2000：P41页
2．胡松青，李琳，郭杞远，等．现代颗粒粒度测量技术[J]．现代化工，2002．22(1)：58
3. Kaye B H. Particle Size Analysis.eds..Stanley-Wood N G, Allen T.Wiley Heyden Ltd., 1982
4. Allen T. Particle Size Measurement. 3th ed, Powder Technology Series, Chapman & Hall,289-315(1981)
5．国外粒度分析仪器一表，现代科学仪器，3，53-56(1993)．
6. Allen T. Particle Size Measurement. 3th ed, Powder Technology Series, Chapman & Hall,173-197(1981).
7．朱德忠，热物理激光测试技术，科学出版社，1990．
8. James A.Lock and Joseph T.Todges,Far-field scattering of axi-symmetric laser beam of arbitrary profile by and on-axis spherical partieles, A.O. 35(21), 4283～4290 (1996)
9. W.J.Wiscombe,Improved Mie seattering algorithms, A.O., 19(9), 1505～1509(1980)
10. Edwin Hirst Paui.H and etc, Light scattering from nonspherical airborne particles, A.O., 33(30), 7180～8186(1994)
11. V.Iovod and etc, Modified conventional plane-wave scattering approach to estimate performance characteristics of laser particle-size analyzers, Journal of Modem Optics, 45(2), 299～314(1998)
12. S.Roscano and etc, Coordinate-free scattering of light by a sphere, J.Opt., 29, 88～94(1998)
13. M.K.singham, S.B.singham, etc, The scattering matrix for randomly oriented particles, J.Chem.Phys, 85, 3807～3812(1986)
14. Alicia Ben-David, Mueller matrices and information derived from linear polarization
liar measurements theory, A.O., 37(12), 2448～2455(1998)
15. B.David, B.M.Herman, Inverse problem and pseudoemprical orthogonal function method of solution, 1: theory, 2: use, A.O., 27, 1235～1255(1988)
16. Ferri, F., Righini, G.&Paganini, E., Inversion of low-angle elastic light-scattering data with a new method devised by modification of the Chahine algorithm, A.O., 36, 7359～7550(1997)
17. P.C.Ariesohn, etc, Two-wavelength laser transnissometer for measurements of the mean size and concentration of coal ash droplets in combustion flows, A.O., 19(22), 3775～3783(1980)
18．王乃宁，光学全散射微粒测量方法的改进和发展，上海机械学院学报，9(1987)
19. Anoatoli p.nefedov, etc, Application of a forward-argyle-scattering transnissometer for simultaneous easements of particle size and number density inane optically dense medium, A.O., 37(9), 1682～1695(1975)
20. Popa, D.M.&Varde, K.S., Sizing study of drops produced by diesel fuel injection pressure spray, In Liquid Particle Size Measurement Techniques, ASTM.STP848, Tishkoff, J.M., Ingebo, R.D.&Kennedy, J.B., Eds., American society for Testing and Material, 137～149(1984)
21．何振江 杨冠玲等，利用颗粒布朗运动的粒度测量方法，重庆大学学报，20(4)，108～125(1997)
22．(美)Allen T著(第三版)．赖华璞等译．颗粒大小测定．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1984
23．(美)Fayed M E and Otten L著．卢寿慈，王佩云等译．粉体工程手册．北京：化学工业出版社，1992
24．(美)Dennis R著．梁鸿富等译．气溶胶手册．北京：原子能出版社，1988
25. Coulter W H.U.S.Patent 2656508, 1953
26. Swithenbank J etc.A Laser Diagnostic Technique for the Measurement of Droplet and Particle Size Distribution.AIAA Paper No.76～79, 1976
27．纪运景．光学衍射法粒子群粒度分布中值粒径概率密度分布函数的数学模型．硕士学位论文．南京：南京理工大学，2002
28. Allen T.Particle Size Measurement.5th ed.Chapman & Hall, 1997
29. Barth H G.Modern Methods of Particle Size Analysis.John Wiley & Sons.New York, 1984
30．王乃宁，张宏建，虞先煌．FAM激光测粒仪．上海机械学院学报．1990，12(2)
31．M．波恩，E．沃耳夫著．光学原理(上)．北京：科学出版社．1978：498～524
32．姚启钧原著．光学教程(第二版)．北京：高等教育出版社．1996：13
33．郭硕鸿．电动力学．北京：人民教育出版社．1979
34．王乃宁．颗粒粒径的光学测量技术及应用[M]．北京：原子能出版社．2000，129-130
35．A．石丸著．随机介质中波的传播和散射．北京：科学出版社．1986
36. Kerker M.The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation.New York: Acadmic Press, 1969
37. ISO/WD13320.Particle size analysis guide to laser diffraction methods[S]. 14
38．童嵩．粒度与比表面积测量原理．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1989
39．刘子超．液雾及颗粒的激光测量原理．北京：宇航出版社．1988
40．杨晔，张镇西，蒋大宗．关于大颗粒Mie散射与Fraunhofer衍射问题的分析比较．激光技术．1998(1)18-21
41. Bayvel L P and Jones A R. Electromagnetic Scattering and its Applications. London: Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,1981
42．顾冠亮，王乃宁．由经典的光散射理论看Malvem衍射测粒仪的局限性．上海机械学院学报．1988，10(3)
43．纪运景．光学衍射法粒子群粒度分布中值粒径概率密度分布函数的数学模型．硕士学位论文．南京：南京理工大学，2002
44．张志伟，郑刚，虞先煌等．PSS激光瞬态颗粒测量装置的研制和应用．中国激光．1995，22(10)：743-746
45．郑刚等．求解双峰颗粒尺寸分布的一种新方法．中国激光．1998，Vol．(4)
46．米凤文，牟同生．激光粒度分析仪的数值计算．光学仪器．1995，Vol．17(4／5)：P8～11
47．应萱同．用激光衍射测量群体微粒尺寸分布的计算机模拟和拟合．计算物理．1996，Vol．13(2)：P191～194
48．杨晔，张镇西，蒋大宗．微粒直径及直径分布的激光测量技术．激光技术．1997，21(2)：P123～127
49. Litchford, et al. Optcal measurement of gas turbine engine soot particle effluents. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. & Power. No.120. P69～76(1998)
50. Barth H G. Modern methods of particle size analysis. New York: John Wiley&sons. 1984:P35～27
51. Shifrin. K.S, Calculation of a certain class of definite integrals containing the square of a first order Bessel function. Tr.Vses.Zoachn,Lesotekhinch.Inst. No.2,(1956)
52．何菁．光散射法研究粒子尺度分布．博士学位论文．南京大学，南京，1995
53. Shifrin.K.S & Kolmakov. I.B. Calculation of particle size spectrum from direct and integral values of the indicatrix in the small angle region. Izv.USSR Acad. Sci.Atmos.Oceanic Phys. No.3, P749～753(1966)
54. Voitova.N, Kudrevitskii.EA, et al. Particle size distribution for the flame from a mixture containing magnesium powder. Fiz.goreniya I vzryva. No.2. P292～296(1976)
55. Koo.J.H,. Particle size analysis using integral transform techniques on Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Ph.D. dissertation.(George Washington University, Washington D.C., 1987)
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