主被动光学联合检测算法研究
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摘要
随着各种新材料和新技术在军事上的应用,军事目标的可检测性不断减弱,目标的机动性不断增强。以往由单一探测手段、单一探测器件的检测数据已远远不能满足需要。随着探测技术、探测手段正不断的进步和数据融合技术的不断成熟,目前联合探测逐渐成为主要的探测手段,并广泛的应用于军事和民用领域。联合探测手段可以实现对目标更精确的探测,在很大程度上弥补了单一探测手段的不足。本文将联合探测技术引入了光学探测系统中,采用主动和被动两种方式,利用不同的光波段来对目标进行探测。这样可以提高系统的探测精度。
本文进行了光学联合探测系统的目标特性和背景特性的研究。重点分析了主动探测波段的飞机目标的激光雷达散射截面(ORCS:Optical Radar Cross Section)和3～5μm和8～12μm波段的红外辐射特性,以及对系统选取波段造成影响的背景的特性。通过分析可以看出,针对喷气式飞机目标,采用8～12μm波段进行被动探测,无论是从其自身辐射特性还是其传输特性都要优于3～5μm波段。
对光学联合探测系统的构建提出设想。对系统的子系统进行了分析和研究,主要分析激光雷达子系统和长波红外子系统的关键技术和主要的影响因素。
对光电信号处理方法进行研究。对如何提高光电信号的检测概率进行了重点分析。通过分析可以看出,为了提高各子系统的检测概率,应进行积累检测。特别是对微弱的点目标,在红外波段采用“软判决”的检测方法,在充分利用目标的运动信息的情况下,可提高目标的检测概率。
重点进行了光学联合检测算法的研究。针对联合探测系统的具体情况,主要应用了Neyman-Person检测融合算法和秩K检测融合算法对系统进行分析,通过分析看出,本系统在两被动探测子系统的检测概率相差较大时,两种融合算法都有自身的缺陷。本文对秩K检测融合算法进行了相应的改进,并对改进后的算法进行了分析和仿真。通过分析可以发现,改进后在虚警概率增加不大的情况下,总的检测概率却有很大的提高,同时可以减小系统融合中心的运算量和融合所需的时间,增加了融合的实时性。
With the new material and new technology applying in military, the detectability of military target is lowing, and the mobility is increasing. The information coming from one detector by a single detecting means has can not satisfy the need. With the improving of new detecting technology and new detecting means, also with the improving data fusion, multi-detection has being the main one detecting means. It has been widely used in military and civil. Joint detection can cover the shortage of one single detector and gets high detection probability. In this paper, we aim to apply joint detection in optical band. Using active/passive detection means and different optical band, the detecting precision can be improved. First, analyze the characteristics of the targets and background of joint detection system. Here the ORCS and the infrared radiation characteristic of plane is priority research area. From the result of analysis we can see that the passive detecting band 8～12μm optical band is better than 3～5μm optical band.the frame of this optical joint detection system be designed. we make the further studies on the key technology and main influences of every subsystem. Analyzing characteristics of signal and main noise of this system and also studying on the signal processing in this system.
We pay more attention to the detection algorithm of optical joint detection system. According to this joint detection system, we applied two algorithms in this system. From the analysis we can see that there is shortage in both two algorithms because of the detection probability is seriously influenced by the change of day and night. In order to reduce the false alarm probability, we adjust the fusion process and bring forward a new algorithm to this system. Finally, from the result of emulate, we can get higher detection probability than only one single detector.
本文进行了光学联合探测系统的目标特性和背景特性的研究。重点分析了主动探测波段的飞机目标的激光雷达散射截面(ORCS:Optical Radar Cross Section)和3～5μm和8～12μm波段的红外辐射特性,以及对系统选取波段造成影响的背景的特性。通过分析可以看出,针对喷气式飞机目标,采用8～12μm波段进行被动探测,无论是从其自身辐射特性还是其传输特性都要优于3～5μm波段。
对光学联合探测系统的构建提出设想。对系统的子系统进行了分析和研究,主要分析激光雷达子系统和长波红外子系统的关键技术和主要的影响因素。
对光电信号处理方法进行研究。对如何提高光电信号的检测概率进行了重点分析。通过分析可以看出,为了提高各子系统的检测概率,应进行积累检测。特别是对微弱的点目标,在红外波段采用“软判决”的检测方法,在充分利用目标的运动信息的情况下,可提高目标的检测概率。
重点进行了光学联合检测算法的研究。针对联合探测系统的具体情况,主要应用了Neyman-Person检测融合算法和秩K检测融合算法对系统进行分析,通过分析看出,本系统在两被动探测子系统的检测概率相差较大时,两种融合算法都有自身的缺陷。本文对秩K检测融合算法进行了相应的改进,并对改进后的算法进行了分析和仿真。通过分析可以发现,改进后在虚警概率增加不大的情况下,总的检测概率却有很大的提高,同时可以减小系统融合中心的运算量和融合所需的时间,增加了融合的实时性。
With the new material and new technology applying in military, the detectability of military target is lowing, and the mobility is increasing. The information coming from one detector by a single detecting means has can not satisfy the need. With the improving of new detecting technology and new detecting means, also with the improving data fusion, multi-detection has being the main one detecting means. It has been widely used in military and civil. Joint detection can cover the shortage of one single detector and gets high detection probability. In this paper, we aim to apply joint detection in optical band. Using active/passive detection means and different optical band, the detecting precision can be improved. First, analyze the characteristics of the targets and background of joint detection system. Here the ORCS and the infrared radiation characteristic of plane is priority research area. From the result of analysis we can see that the passive detecting band 8～12μm optical band is better than 3～5μm optical band.the frame of this optical joint detection system be designed. we make the further studies on the key technology and main influences of every subsystem. Analyzing characteristics of signal and main noise of this system and also studying on the signal processing in this system.
We pay more attention to the detection algorithm of optical joint detection system. According to this joint detection system, we applied two algorithms in this system. From the analysis we can see that there is shortage in both two algorithms because of the detection probability is seriously influenced by the change of day and night. In order to reduce the false alarm probability, we adjust the fusion process and bring forward a new algorithm to this system. Finally, from the result of emulate, we can get higher detection probability than only one single detector.
引文
[1] 黄培康.雷达目标特征信号.北京:中国宇航出版社,2005,56-57
[2] 宋丰文.现代空间光电系统及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,10-120
[3] 戴永江.激光雷达原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,52-162
[4] 巴克曼 C G.激光雷达系统与技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1982,1-56
[5] 王娟.红外成像系统的作用距离估算:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2004
[6] 谭显裕.红外目标探测器的特征及其军用前景.光电子技术,2000,20(2):99-106
[7] 舒金龙,陈良喻,等.国外红外搜索跟踪系统的研制现状与发展趋势.现代防御技术,2003,31(4):47-51
[8] 付伟.国外红外侦察告警装备的新发展.现代防御技术,2000,29(3):38-41
[9] Dale C Line von Berg, John N Lee. Airborne Net-centric Multi-LNT Sensor Control, Display, Fusion, and Exploitation Systems. SPIE, 2004, 5409: 111-119
[10] Stephen H C Eng Miee. Multi-sensor Target and Missile Tracking for a Point Defense Missile System. SPIE, 2003, 5082: 30-31
[11] 李熙荣,蔡娜.红外探测系统在反巡航导弹中的应用.激光与红外,2003,33(1):8-12
[12] 慕金龙,王骐,等.长波红外主被动复合成像中目标检测仿真研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(5):634-638
[13] 徐浩彭,张剑生,刘春生.毫米波主/被动双模复合寻的制导技术.导弹与航天运载技术,2006,28(3):18-20
[14] Wang Xiao-hua, Jing Zhong-liang, Chen Fei. Active Passive Joint Tracking with Infrared and Laser Sensors. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2002, 31(6): 508-514
[15] 赵鹏,浦昭邦,张田文.一种新的红外与可见光图像融合与跟踪方法.光电工程,2005,32(2):37-40
[16] 丁兴俊,周德云,胡昌华,等.基于主/被动雷达双传感器的自适应跟踪融合算法.弹箭与制导学报,2006,26(1):147-149
[17] 航天工业总公司八三五八所.主动光电系统.北京:航天工业总公司出版社,1997,14-39
[18] 高洋,等.1.06 μ m激光雷达目标散射截面的实验研究.激光与红外,2000,30(6):337-339
[19] 孙鹏举,高卫,汪岳峰.目标激光雷达截面的计算方法及应用研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(5):597-600
[20] 航天工业总公司八三五八所.被动光电系统.北京:航天工业总公司出版社,1997,15-159
[21] 刘永坦,等. 雷达成像技术. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999,1-31
[22] 张里. 雷达. 北京:人民邮电出版社,1964,51-95
[23] Matthew A Chaudhuri, Ronald G Driggers. Threat Object Identification Performance for LADAR Imagery Comparison of 2-dimensional Versus 3-dimensional Imagery. SPIE, 2006, 6207:1-9
[24] Brian C Redman, William C Ruff, Keith Aliberth. Direct Detection Laser Vibrometry with an Amplitude Modulated Ladar. SPIE, 2004, 5412: 218-229
[25] 张逸新,迟泽英. 光波在大气中的传输与成像.北京:国防工业出版社,1997, 200-307
[26] 张秉华,张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003,19-20
[27] 安毓英,刘继芳,李庆辉,等. 光电子技术. 北京:电子工业出版社,2002,82-110
[28] 杨小丽. 光电子技术基础. 北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005,252-272
[29] 石顺祥,过巳吉. 光电子技术及其应用. 成都:电子科技大学出版社,2001,15-50
[30] 张明友,吕明.信号检测与估计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,1-19
[31] 邢超.激光回波信号采集技术.红外,2006,27(4):19-25
[32] 向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.北京:电子工业出版社,北京:2001,215-241
[33] 张乐.激光雷达发射和接收光学系统研究:[硕士论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004
[34] Seung-Hyun Hong, Bahram Javidi. Three-Dimensional Optimum Filter for Detecting Distorted LADAR Image in Disjoint Background Noise. SPIE, 2003, 5243: 125-131
[35] Khoury J, Woods C L, Lorenzo J. Resolution Limits in Imaging LADAR System. SPIE, 2004, 5437: 143-153
[36] Rigling B D. Amplitude Space-time Adaptive Processing for Ground-moving Target Indication Laser Radar. IEEE Transactions on Radar Sonar Navig, 2006, 153(4): 161-165
[37] Gavin Powell, David Marshall, Richard Milliken, Keith Markham. Data Fusion of FLIR and LADAR in Autonomous Weapons System. IEEE Transactions on PAMI, 2003, 120(2): 350-380
[38] Wallace A M, Sung R C W, Buller G S. Detecting and Characterising Returns in a Pulsed Ladar System. IEEE Transactions on Image Signal Process, 2006, 153(2): 160-173
[39] French P A. Enhanced Detect Ability of Small Objects in Correlated Clutter Using an Improved 2-D Adaptive Lattice Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(3): 383-397
[40] Youlal H. Two-Dimensional Joint Process Lattices for Adaptive Restoration of Images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1992, 1(1): 366-378
[41] 艾斯卡尔.红外搜寻与跟踪系统关键技术研究:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[42] 傅志中.红外扫描成像动目标检测跟踪与 DSP 实时实现:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[43] 蔡毅.红外系统中的扫描型和凝视型 FPA.红外技术,2001,23(1):3-7
[44] 陈颖.序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测及跟踪技术研究:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2003
[45] Rivest J F,et al, Dection of Dim Targets in Digital Infrared Images by Morphologic Image Processing. Optical Engineering, 1996, 35(7): 1886-1893
[46] Lampropoulos G. A., Boulter J F. Filtering of Moving Targets Using SBIR Sequential Frames. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System, 1995, 31(4): 1255-1266
[47] 王国玉,马剑武,刘佳琪.雷达网络分布式检测性能的仿真研究.飞航导弹,1998,20(1):45-50
[48] 吴艳,杨万海,李明.分布式多传感器系统的最佳检测和性能.西安电子科技大学学报,2000,27(2):138-142
[49] 谭贤四,武文,等.区域雷达网分布式检测性能改善方法.火力与指挥控制,2001,26(4):50-58
[50] Gregory R Osche, Senior Member, Donald S Yong. Imaging Laser Radar in the Near and Far Infrared. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System, 1996, 84(2): 103-125
[2] 宋丰文.现代空间光电系统及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,10-120
[3] 戴永江.激光雷达原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,52-162
[4] 巴克曼 C G.激光雷达系统与技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1982,1-56
[5] 王娟.红外成像系统的作用距离估算:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2004
[6] 谭显裕.红外目标探测器的特征及其军用前景.光电子技术,2000,20(2):99-106
[7] 舒金龙,陈良喻,等.国外红外搜索跟踪系统的研制现状与发展趋势.现代防御技术,2003,31(4):47-51
[8] 付伟.国外红外侦察告警装备的新发展.现代防御技术,2000,29(3):38-41
[9] Dale C Line von Berg, John N Lee. Airborne Net-centric Multi-LNT Sensor Control, Display, Fusion, and Exploitation Systems. SPIE, 2004, 5409: 111-119
[10] Stephen H C Eng Miee. Multi-sensor Target and Missile Tracking for a Point Defense Missile System. SPIE, 2003, 5082: 30-31
[11] 李熙荣,蔡娜.红外探测系统在反巡航导弹中的应用.激光与红外,2003,33(1):8-12
[12] 慕金龙,王骐,等.长波红外主被动复合成像中目标检测仿真研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(5):634-638
[13] 徐浩彭,张剑生,刘春生.毫米波主/被动双模复合寻的制导技术.导弹与航天运载技术,2006,28(3):18-20
[14] Wang Xiao-hua, Jing Zhong-liang, Chen Fei. Active Passive Joint Tracking with Infrared and Laser Sensors. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2002, 31(6): 508-514
[15] 赵鹏,浦昭邦,张田文.一种新的红外与可见光图像融合与跟踪方法.光电工程,2005,32(2):37-40
[16] 丁兴俊,周德云,胡昌华,等.基于主/被动雷达双传感器的自适应跟踪融合算法.弹箭与制导学报,2006,26(1):147-149
[17] 航天工业总公司八三五八所.主动光电系统.北京:航天工业总公司出版社,1997,14-39
[18] 高洋,等.1.06 μ m激光雷达目标散射截面的实验研究.激光与红外,2000,30(6):337-339
[19] 孙鹏举,高卫,汪岳峰.目标激光雷达截面的计算方法及应用研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(5):597-600
[20] 航天工业总公司八三五八所.被动光电系统.北京:航天工业总公司出版社,1997,15-159
[21] 刘永坦,等. 雷达成像技术. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999,1-31
[22] 张里. 雷达. 北京:人民邮电出版社,1964,51-95
[23] Matthew A Chaudhuri, Ronald G Driggers. Threat Object Identification Performance for LADAR Imagery Comparison of 2-dimensional Versus 3-dimensional Imagery. SPIE, 2006, 6207:1-9
[24] Brian C Redman, William C Ruff, Keith Aliberth. Direct Detection Laser Vibrometry with an Amplitude Modulated Ladar. SPIE, 2004, 5412: 218-229
[25] 张逸新,迟泽英. 光波在大气中的传输与成像.北京:国防工业出版社,1997, 200-307
[26] 张秉华,张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003,19-20
[27] 安毓英,刘继芳,李庆辉,等. 光电子技术. 北京:电子工业出版社,2002,82-110
[28] 杨小丽. 光电子技术基础. 北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005,252-272
[29] 石顺祥,过巳吉. 光电子技术及其应用. 成都:电子科技大学出版社,2001,15-50
[30] 张明友,吕明.信号检测与估计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,1-19
[31] 邢超.激光回波信号采集技术.红外,2006,27(4):19-25
[32] 向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.北京:电子工业出版社,北京:2001,215-241
[33] 张乐.激光雷达发射和接收光学系统研究:[硕士论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004
[34] Seung-Hyun Hong, Bahram Javidi. Three-Dimensional Optimum Filter for Detecting Distorted LADAR Image in Disjoint Background Noise. SPIE, 2003, 5243: 125-131
[35] Khoury J, Woods C L, Lorenzo J. Resolution Limits in Imaging LADAR System. SPIE, 2004, 5437: 143-153
[36] Rigling B D. Amplitude Space-time Adaptive Processing for Ground-moving Target Indication Laser Radar. IEEE Transactions on Radar Sonar Navig, 2006, 153(4): 161-165
[37] Gavin Powell, David Marshall, Richard Milliken, Keith Markham. Data Fusion of FLIR and LADAR in Autonomous Weapons System. IEEE Transactions on PAMI, 2003, 120(2): 350-380
[38] Wallace A M, Sung R C W, Buller G S. Detecting and Characterising Returns in a Pulsed Ladar System. IEEE Transactions on Image Signal Process, 2006, 153(2): 160-173
[39] French P A. Enhanced Detect Ability of Small Objects in Correlated Clutter Using an Improved 2-D Adaptive Lattice Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(3): 383-397
[40] Youlal H. Two-Dimensional Joint Process Lattices for Adaptive Restoration of Images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1992, 1(1): 366-378
[41] 艾斯卡尔.红外搜寻与跟踪系统关键技术研究:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[42] 傅志中.红外扫描成像动目标检测跟踪与 DSP 实时实现:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[43] 蔡毅.红外系统中的扫描型和凝视型 FPA.红外技术,2001,23(1):3-7
[44] 陈颖.序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测及跟踪技术研究:[博士论文],成都:电子科技大学,2003
[45] Rivest J F,et al, Dection of Dim Targets in Digital Infrared Images by Morphologic Image Processing. Optical Engineering, 1996, 35(7): 1886-1893
[46] Lampropoulos G. A., Boulter J F. Filtering of Moving Targets Using SBIR Sequential Frames. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System, 1995, 31(4): 1255-1266
[47] 王国玉,马剑武,刘佳琪.雷达网络分布式检测性能的仿真研究.飞航导弹,1998,20(1):45-50
[48] 吴艳,杨万海,李明.分布式多传感器系统的最佳检测和性能.西安电子科技大学学报,2000,27(2):138-142
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