番茄贮运振动力学模型与模态分析
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摘要
水果的贮运中的损伤问题在当今引起越来越多的关注。减少损伤是现代农业技术的重要研究课题之一。番茄属于易损浆果类蔬菜,运输中的损伤问题尤为突出。本文基于生物力学,粘弹性理论,振动力学,蔬菜水果的物性学理论,深入地研究了番茄粘弹性和塑性。介绍了粘弹性理论经典模型Maxwell模型和Kelvin模型。比较了两者的区别,研究了番茄的Kelvin模型的建立可行性。并针对番茄的具体特征,对Kelvin模型进行了修正,建立了单个番茄的粘弹性振动力学模型(四单元模型)和简化的线性番茄振动力学模型。初步探讨了番茄包装物对番茄振动的影响。
     在整筐番茄的振动系统建模的过程中,采用实验建模为主,理论建模为辅的方法。实践证明这样的手段能够取得很好的效果。机械阻抗模态分析方法是近年来国内外比较流行的实验方法,广泛地应用于桥梁,大型设备的模态参数的识别中。但在水果运输系统实验建模的尝试上还很少见。本课题在理论上充分阐述了加速度阻抗法进行系统模态辩识的原理。实验采用了INV303/306虚拟仪器系统和DASP模态分析软件,辩识系统的模态阻尼,模态刚度,模态质量等参数,建立了七自由度的番茄运输中的振动力学模型。根据所得到的数据,对番茄粘弹性和非线性对模态参数的影响做了初步的阐述。
     此外,为了提高模型的实用性和在实际工作中的应用性,本文应用了RBF神经网络模型,将加速度机械阻抗做为模型的输入,对系统灰箱的模态参数进行预测,取得了令人满意的效果。本课题在研究番茄模型和模态参数的识别工作中,得到了预期的结果。但由于实验条件的限制,对番茄的品种,大小,成熟度,形状和各向异性等对模型参数的影响缺乏进一步的研究。以后的工作的设想是增加影响参数,完善模型的适用性。
The damage problem of storing and transporting fruit causes more and more concerns nowadays. Reducing damage is one of the important subjects for research, which is the modern agricultural technology. Tomato belongs to the berry vegetables which is apt to damage. The damage question in transportation is particularly outstanding. This paper is based on biomethanics, viscoplasticity theory, vibration mechanics, thing sexology theory of the fruits. It has studied the mechanism on tomato damaging deeply. Have introduced Maxwell model and Kelvin model in the classical model of viscoplasticity theory. Not only have compared the difference between them, but also have studied the setting-up feasibility of tomato Kelvin model. And according to the specific feature of tomato, revising for Kelvin model, have established the viscoplasticity vibration mechanics model of single tomato (4 unit model) and simplify, linear tomato vibration mechanics model. Have researched the causes that packing article impacts on tomato vib
    ration.
    In the course of vibration system modeling of the whole basket of tomato, have adopted the modeling of testing as the main fact, theory modeling is a method to complement. It makes very good result in such a means. The mechanical modal analytical method is a testing method to prevail at home and abroad in recent years. This method is widely applied to the discernment of the modal parameter of bridge and the heavy -duty equipment. But still seldom apply to the try of fruit transportation system experiment modeling. This paper fully explains the principle of systematic mode debate on the basis of the impedance law of the acceleration. The experiment has adopted INV303/306 fictitious instrument system and DASP mode analysis software, knowing the modal damping, modal rigidity, mode quality of the system. Have set up the vibration mechanics model in the tomato transportation of seven freedom degrees. According to the gotten data , have made preliminary elaborate of tomato viscoplasticity and the nonlinear influen
    ce for mode parameters.
    In addition, in order to improve the practicability of the model, this paper has used the neural network model of RBF. This paper makes the acceleration mechanics impedance as the input of model, forsees mode parameters of systematic grey case, have obtained satisfied effect. This program has gotten expected results in studying the identification of mode parameters of tomato model. But because of the restriction of experiment, lacking further research for the influence of anisctropy, size, maturity, shape and the kind of tomato on mode parameters, the tentative idea in the following work is that increases influencing parameters and perfects model.
    Do the mechanical impedance of the acceleration as the introduction of the model. Predict to the modal parameter of system gray case, and have made the satisfactory result.
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