高速公路路基沉降及路面动力特性研究
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摘要
针对已运营高速公路路基路面结构出现的病害问题,论文结合湖南省交通科技项目“高速公路路基沉降及其对路面的影响”研究课题,以典型红砂岩地区高速公路红砂岩粗粒土路基填料的长期变形和交通荷载作用下路基路面结构的动力响应等难点和热点问题(如土石混填路基的沉降预测、路基的长期沉降变形、交通动荷载的描述和确定、动荷载的激励特性、典型支承条件下的路基路面结构动态响应)为研究对象,采用理论分析、室内试验、现场试验和数值计算等方法进行了深入研究。主要研究内容如下：
1.对湖南省境内已运营高速公路的病害情况进行了大量的、深入细致的调研工作,其中重点调查了临长、潭耒、耒宜三条高速公路,并仔细查阅了设计文件和施工原始记录资料。调查研究表明红砂岩粗粒土路基路面结构病害的产生与运营时间及交通量密切相关,路基路面病害的产生有两个主要原因,一是交通动荷载长期反复的作用,二是红砂岩粗粒土路基填料在荷载长期作用下的流变变形。
2.由流变引发的路基沉降特别是不均匀沉降的准确预测是防止路基病害发生的有效手段,而实测的沉降值则是各种影响因素综合作用下的真实值,故利用沉降实测数据来推算路基的沉降量具有很重要的意义。在对多种沉降预测方法比照的基础上,重点分析了灰色GM(1,1)模型和神经网络法。
3.引入考虑流变作用的Burgers流变模型,采用FLAC计算程序,对土石混填路基的长期沉降进行了预测计算,并通过与实测资料的对比验证了模型的合理性。
4.针对交通荷载作用引起的路基路面结构病害问题,从使车辆产生随机振动的激励-路面不平度入手,利用频域分析法对路面的输入谱矩阵进行了推导,总结了高速公路路面不平度PSD的特点和规律。
在此基础上,分析与评价了各种车辆振动模型,并采用传递函数矩阵法,通过Fourier积分变换和Laplace积分变换,推导了多层粘弹性体系在移动简谐冲击荷载作用下动力方程的解析解。
5.针对车辆随机荷载确定及测试难题,选择典型土石混填路基试验段,成功地进行了现场车辆随机载荷的试验。试验揭示了不同载重、不同车速、不同行车路线条件下车辆动态荷载的激励特性、作用规律及其影响因素,阐明了路面结构特性与荷载激励之间的耦合关系。
6.利用施工期埋设于路基及基层中的动力测试元件,在现场成功地进行了车辆随机荷载作用下路基路面结构动态响应的试验研究,考察了车辆载重、车速、车道因素对路基路面的动态响应规律的影响,分析了动态响应的频谱特性和功率谱特性,并与路面不平度激励特性进行了比照,研究表明路面激励、车辆振动、荷载输入、路基路面动态响应具有相互依存的因果关系。
(7)通过建立柔性路面的三维有限元数值仿真,分析了土石混填路基条件下路面结构在车辆动态荷载作用下的动态响应,并进行了数值解与实测值的对比研究。
Relying on research projects "settlement of embankment and mechanism of pavement for freeway" supported by Hunan Traffic and Communication Department, the paper studied on long-term deformation of red sandstone as road fillings of freeway and dynamic response of pavement under traffic load occurred to embankment and pavement of operated freeway. To be specific they are settlement prediction of stone and soil embankment, long-term deformation of embankment, description and confirmation of traffic dynamic load, excitement property, dynamic response of embankment and pavement under bearing condition. Many methods like theoretic analysis, in-door tests, on-the-spot tests and numeric calculation are taken into use in this paper. The major studied contents include:
1. A great deal of work has been done for the research on the problems of operated freeways within Hunan Province. The paper makes the emphasis on three freeways Linchang, Tanlei, Leiyi freeway. It consults design paper and construction record of these freeways. The research shows that diseases of red stone embankment are related to the operation time and traffic load of freeway. There are reasons for diseases of freeway: long-term reaction effect of traffic dynamic load, and rheology deformation of red stone fillings of embankment under long-term load effect.
2. Uneven settlement prediction is a very effective way to prevent embankment diseases. The observed the settlement values are the real values under comprehensive factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to use actual observed settlement value to calculate embankment settlement. Compared to many settlement prediction, it stresses Gray GM(1.1) and nerve network method.
3. It introduces Burgers model which takes into consider of rheology, and adopts FLAC program. It makes prediction calculates of long-term settlement and makes it compared with actual observe values to test the rationality of model.
4. From the excitement of random vibration of vehicles, it uses frequency domain method and generalized PSD properties and law of unevenness of freeway. Based on physical mechanic properties of flexible road surface and with reference to pertinent files, transfer function matrix was adopted via theory of layered system after transformation through Fourier and Laplace integration; it predicts solution of dynamic equation of multiple viscoelastic system under moving harmonic loads. It analyzes and evaluates various vehicle vibration model.
5. As for the vehicle load, it chooses typical stone and soil embankment. It successfully conducts the tests of on-the-spot vehicle random load. The tests reveal the excitement property, effect and other factors under various load, vehicle speed, driving directions, and illustrate the relations between structure property of embankment and excitement of load.
6. With buried devices under embankment during construction, it successfully conducts tests on dynamic response of embankment and pavement under random vehicle load. It studies how factor like vehicle load, speed, lane affects embankment and pavement, and analyzes frequency spectrum and power frequency spectrum of dynamic response compare them with unevenness excitement property of pavement. The results show that there exits cause-effect relationship among them.
7. Through emulation of 3-D dynamic FEM model of flexible roadbed and surface, it analyzes the dynamic response under dynamic vehicle load on the pavement of stone and soil fillings, and compare the numerical values and actual observed values.
1.对湖南省境内已运营高速公路的病害情况进行了大量的、深入细致的调研工作,其中重点调查了临长、潭耒、耒宜三条高速公路,并仔细查阅了设计文件和施工原始记录资料。调查研究表明红砂岩粗粒土路基路面结构病害的产生与运营时间及交通量密切相关,路基路面病害的产生有两个主要原因,一是交通动荷载长期反复的作用,二是红砂岩粗粒土路基填料在荷载长期作用下的流变变形。
2.由流变引发的路基沉降特别是不均匀沉降的准确预测是防止路基病害发生的有效手段,而实测的沉降值则是各种影响因素综合作用下的真实值,故利用沉降实测数据来推算路基的沉降量具有很重要的意义。在对多种沉降预测方法比照的基础上,重点分析了灰色GM(1,1)模型和神经网络法。
3.引入考虑流变作用的Burgers流变模型,采用FLAC计算程序,对土石混填路基的长期沉降进行了预测计算,并通过与实测资料的对比验证了模型的合理性。
4.针对交通荷载作用引起的路基路面结构病害问题,从使车辆产生随机振动的激励-路面不平度入手,利用频域分析法对路面的输入谱矩阵进行了推导,总结了高速公路路面不平度PSD的特点和规律。
在此基础上,分析与评价了各种车辆振动模型,并采用传递函数矩阵法,通过Fourier积分变换和Laplace积分变换,推导了多层粘弹性体系在移动简谐冲击荷载作用下动力方程的解析解。
5.针对车辆随机荷载确定及测试难题,选择典型土石混填路基试验段,成功地进行了现场车辆随机载荷的试验。试验揭示了不同载重、不同车速、不同行车路线条件下车辆动态荷载的激励特性、作用规律及其影响因素,阐明了路面结构特性与荷载激励之间的耦合关系。
6.利用施工期埋设于路基及基层中的动力测试元件,在现场成功地进行了车辆随机荷载作用下路基路面结构动态响应的试验研究,考察了车辆载重、车速、车道因素对路基路面的动态响应规律的影响,分析了动态响应的频谱特性和功率谱特性,并与路面不平度激励特性进行了比照,研究表明路面激励、车辆振动、荷载输入、路基路面动态响应具有相互依存的因果关系。
(7)通过建立柔性路面的三维有限元数值仿真,分析了土石混填路基条件下路面结构在车辆动态荷载作用下的动态响应,并进行了数值解与实测值的对比研究。
Relying on research projects "settlement of embankment and mechanism of pavement for freeway" supported by Hunan Traffic and Communication Department, the paper studied on long-term deformation of red sandstone as road fillings of freeway and dynamic response of pavement under traffic load occurred to embankment and pavement of operated freeway. To be specific they are settlement prediction of stone and soil embankment, long-term deformation of embankment, description and confirmation of traffic dynamic load, excitement property, dynamic response of embankment and pavement under bearing condition. Many methods like theoretic analysis, in-door tests, on-the-spot tests and numeric calculation are taken into use in this paper. The major studied contents include:
1. A great deal of work has been done for the research on the problems of operated freeways within Hunan Province. The paper makes the emphasis on three freeways Linchang, Tanlei, Leiyi freeway. It consults design paper and construction record of these freeways. The research shows that diseases of red stone embankment are related to the operation time and traffic load of freeway. There are reasons for diseases of freeway: long-term reaction effect of traffic dynamic load, and rheology deformation of red stone fillings of embankment under long-term load effect.
2. Uneven settlement prediction is a very effective way to prevent embankment diseases. The observed the settlement values are the real values under comprehensive factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to use actual observed settlement value to calculate embankment settlement. Compared to many settlement prediction, it stresses Gray GM(1.1) and nerve network method.
3. It introduces Burgers model which takes into consider of rheology, and adopts FLAC program. It makes prediction calculates of long-term settlement and makes it compared with actual observe values to test the rationality of model.
4. From the excitement of random vibration of vehicles, it uses frequency domain method and generalized PSD properties and law of unevenness of freeway. Based on physical mechanic properties of flexible road surface and with reference to pertinent files, transfer function matrix was adopted via theory of layered system after transformation through Fourier and Laplace integration; it predicts solution of dynamic equation of multiple viscoelastic system under moving harmonic loads. It analyzes and evaluates various vehicle vibration model.
5. As for the vehicle load, it chooses typical stone and soil embankment. It successfully conducts the tests of on-the-spot vehicle random load. The tests reveal the excitement property, effect and other factors under various load, vehicle speed, driving directions, and illustrate the relations between structure property of embankment and excitement of load.
6. With buried devices under embankment during construction, it successfully conducts tests on dynamic response of embankment and pavement under random vehicle load. It studies how factor like vehicle load, speed, lane affects embankment and pavement, and analyzes frequency spectrum and power frequency spectrum of dynamic response compare them with unevenness excitement property of pavement. The results show that there exits cause-effect relationship among them.
7. Through emulation of 3-D dynamic FEM model of flexible roadbed and surface, it analyzes the dynamic response under dynamic vehicle load on the pavement of stone and soil fillings, and compare the numerical values and actual observed values.
引文
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