柴油机燃烧噪声影响机理及控制研究
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摘要
随着人民生活水平的不断改善,汽车保有量剧增,对汽车的综合性能的要求不断提高,NVH技术研究已发展成为汽车研究领域中的主要内容之一。发动机噪声是汽车的主要噪声源之一,也是其它噪声产生的基础,因此控制发动机噪声具有重要的现实意义。随着乘用车柴油化技术在国内的发展,乘用车柴油化成为一个备受关注的方向,柴油机怠速噪声主要是燃烧噪声;车用柴油车在实际运转中经常处于瞬态工况,瞬态工况燃烧噪声通常比同转速、同负荷稳态工况的燃烧噪声大。因此,本文在对柴油机稳态工况影响机理和控制研究的基础上,开展了柴油机怠速工况和瞬态工况燃烧噪声的控制研究,提出了可行的控制策略。
论文首先以直喷式柴油机为研究对象,通过测试增压前后燃烧噪声及影响燃烧噪声的因素,分析增压对柴油机燃烧噪声的影响机理。增压在中速中负荷工况对燃烧噪声的影响较大,能使大部分工况燃烧噪声降低1dB。增压主要是通过改变压力升高率最大值和缸内压力高频振荡影响燃烧噪声,且增压引起燃烧室壁面温度的变化也是影响燃烧噪声的因素之一。设计合理的废气再循环(EGR)系统,开展EGR对柴油机燃烧噪声影响的机理研究。研究结果表明:在保证功率损失在6%以内,EGR使得中低负荷的稳态工况燃烧噪声降低,且随着EGR率(16%以内)的增加,燃烧噪声值逐渐降低。EGR改变空燃比和进气温度,引起滞燃期的变化,改变放热率峰值、压力升高率最大值和缸内压力高频振荡,从而影响燃烧噪声的大小。
论文开展预喷射控制燃烧噪声的研究。结果表明:在不同的工况下,采用适当的预喷射可有效降低压力升高率最大值、放热率峰值和压力高频振荡,进而降低燃烧噪声;较大的预喷量可以弥补冷机引起燃烧室壁面温度较低的不利影响,缩小预喷射控制冷机燃烧噪声与暖机燃烧噪声效果的差距。
对柴油机怠速工况燃烧噪声的控制方面,针对怠速工况压缩温度低,混合气不均匀,滞燃期长的特点,开展引入EGR、降低高压共轨喷油系统轨压和引入预喷射控制怠速工况燃烧噪声。结果表明:EGR、轨压的降低和预喷射能有效控制怠速工况燃烧噪声,为实际柴油机怠速噪声控制提供参考。
在瞬态工况对燃烧噪声影响机理研究的基础上,进行柴油机瞬态工况燃烧噪声的控制研究。分析瞬态工况与稳态工况燃烧噪声控制的差异,提出瞬态工况燃烧噪声控制策略。以此分析为基础,开展利用预喷射、EGR和增压控制瞬态工况燃烧噪声的试验研究。结果表明:预喷射、EGR和增压能使瞬态工况燃烧噪声降低,为工程实际柴油机瞬态工况燃烧噪声控制提供了基础。
As people’s standard is improving constantly, the quantity of possession of automobiles is substantially increasing and people’s requirement for comprehensive performance of automobiles is also enhanced continuously. The research for NVH technology has been one of the main subjects in the research area of cars. The noise of engine is one of the major noise sources of automobiles and also the basis on the generation of other noise. Therefore, the control for the noise of engine is very practically significant. Vehicles powered by diesel engines, which become a direction receiving attention with the domestic development of the technology of the diesel passenger cars. The contribution of the combustion noise of DI diesel engine to the whole noise of diesel engine takes up a mainly position in idle condition. The diesel engine for the vehicle is in the transient state frequently in the actual operation; combustion noise in transient condition is higher than that in steady condition in the same load and rotation speed. On the basis of the research for the influencing mechanism of the combustion noise and control of combustion noise of diesel engine in steady condition, this paper is developing the research on control of combustion noise of diesel engine in idle condition and transient condition and presents the feasible control policy.
This article firstly takes DI diesel engine as a main research object to analyze the mechanism of impact of turbocharged condition on the combustion noise of a diesel engine by testing the combustion noise before and after turbocharged condition and the factors of the impact on the combustion noise. Turbocharged condition has a greater impact on the combustion noise in the condition of the middle-speed and appropriate load, making most of the conditional combustion noise reduce to 1dB. The impact of turbocharged condition on the combustion noise is mainly by changing the rate of pressure rise and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure in the cylinder, and the change of combustion chamber wall’s temperature caused by turbocharged is also one of the factors of the impact of the combustion noise. Design the reasonable Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system and carry out the mechanism research for the impact of the combustion noise of the diesel engine. The research result shows that EGR makes the combustion noise reduce in the steady condition of the mid-low load by ensuring the power loss within the rate of 6%, and then as the rate of EGR(within 16%) is increasing, the combustion noise is generally reducing. EGR changes Air/Fuel ratio and intake temperature, causing the change of ignition delay, changing the peak numerical of heat release rate, the rate of pressure rise and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure in the cylinder, thus impressing the combustion noise.
This paper is developing the research on combustion noise for the control by pilot injection. The result shows:in the different conditions, the reasonable pilot injection can efficiently reduce the maximum of the rate of pressure rise, the peak numerical of heat release rate and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure, reducing the combustion noise; The greater pilot injection amount can make up for disadvantages of cold condition making combustion chamber wall’s temperature lower and narrow the effect difference between pilot injection’s control for the combustion noise of cold condition and that of warmer condition.
In the aspect of control of combustion noise in idle condition, considered compression temperature is low, the mixture air is non-uniform and ignition delay is long, this article carries out the research of control combustion noise in idle condition by EGR, lower pressure of injection and pilot injection. The results show that EGR, lower pressure of injection and pilot injection can effectively control combustion noise in idle condition. It provides the reference for the actual control of noise of diesel engine in idle condition.
On the basis of the research for the influencing mechanism of the combustion noise in transient condition, this paper carries on the research of control combustion noise in transient condition, analyzed control difference between transient condition and steady condition; presents control policy for control of combustion noise in transient condition. On the basis of the control policy, this paper using pilot injection, EGR and turbocharged condition controls combustion noise in transient condition. The results show pilot injection, EGR and turbocharged condition cause combustion noise in transient condition to reduce. It provides the foundation for the project actual application to control combustion noise in transient condition.
论文首先以直喷式柴油机为研究对象,通过测试增压前后燃烧噪声及影响燃烧噪声的因素,分析增压对柴油机燃烧噪声的影响机理。增压在中速中负荷工况对燃烧噪声的影响较大,能使大部分工况燃烧噪声降低1dB。增压主要是通过改变压力升高率最大值和缸内压力高频振荡影响燃烧噪声,且增压引起燃烧室壁面温度的变化也是影响燃烧噪声的因素之一。设计合理的废气再循环(EGR)系统,开展EGR对柴油机燃烧噪声影响的机理研究。研究结果表明:在保证功率损失在6%以内,EGR使得中低负荷的稳态工况燃烧噪声降低,且随着EGR率(16%以内)的增加,燃烧噪声值逐渐降低。EGR改变空燃比和进气温度,引起滞燃期的变化,改变放热率峰值、压力升高率最大值和缸内压力高频振荡,从而影响燃烧噪声的大小。
论文开展预喷射控制燃烧噪声的研究。结果表明:在不同的工况下,采用适当的预喷射可有效降低压力升高率最大值、放热率峰值和压力高频振荡,进而降低燃烧噪声;较大的预喷量可以弥补冷机引起燃烧室壁面温度较低的不利影响,缩小预喷射控制冷机燃烧噪声与暖机燃烧噪声效果的差距。
对柴油机怠速工况燃烧噪声的控制方面,针对怠速工况压缩温度低,混合气不均匀,滞燃期长的特点,开展引入EGR、降低高压共轨喷油系统轨压和引入预喷射控制怠速工况燃烧噪声。结果表明:EGR、轨压的降低和预喷射能有效控制怠速工况燃烧噪声,为实际柴油机怠速噪声控制提供参考。
在瞬态工况对燃烧噪声影响机理研究的基础上,进行柴油机瞬态工况燃烧噪声的控制研究。分析瞬态工况与稳态工况燃烧噪声控制的差异,提出瞬态工况燃烧噪声控制策略。以此分析为基础,开展利用预喷射、EGR和增压控制瞬态工况燃烧噪声的试验研究。结果表明:预喷射、EGR和增压能使瞬态工况燃烧噪声降低,为工程实际柴油机瞬态工况燃烧噪声控制提供了基础。
As people’s standard is improving constantly, the quantity of possession of automobiles is substantially increasing and people’s requirement for comprehensive performance of automobiles is also enhanced continuously. The research for NVH technology has been one of the main subjects in the research area of cars. The noise of engine is one of the major noise sources of automobiles and also the basis on the generation of other noise. Therefore, the control for the noise of engine is very practically significant. Vehicles powered by diesel engines, which become a direction receiving attention with the domestic development of the technology of the diesel passenger cars. The contribution of the combustion noise of DI diesel engine to the whole noise of diesel engine takes up a mainly position in idle condition. The diesel engine for the vehicle is in the transient state frequently in the actual operation; combustion noise in transient condition is higher than that in steady condition in the same load and rotation speed. On the basis of the research for the influencing mechanism of the combustion noise and control of combustion noise of diesel engine in steady condition, this paper is developing the research on control of combustion noise of diesel engine in idle condition and transient condition and presents the feasible control policy.
This article firstly takes DI diesel engine as a main research object to analyze the mechanism of impact of turbocharged condition on the combustion noise of a diesel engine by testing the combustion noise before and after turbocharged condition and the factors of the impact on the combustion noise. Turbocharged condition has a greater impact on the combustion noise in the condition of the middle-speed and appropriate load, making most of the conditional combustion noise reduce to 1dB. The impact of turbocharged condition on the combustion noise is mainly by changing the rate of pressure rise and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure in the cylinder, and the change of combustion chamber wall’s temperature caused by turbocharged is also one of the factors of the impact of the combustion noise. Design the reasonable Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system and carry out the mechanism research for the impact of the combustion noise of the diesel engine. The research result shows that EGR makes the combustion noise reduce in the steady condition of the mid-low load by ensuring the power loss within the rate of 6%, and then as the rate of EGR(within 16%) is increasing, the combustion noise is generally reducing. EGR changes Air/Fuel ratio and intake temperature, causing the change of ignition delay, changing the peak numerical of heat release rate, the rate of pressure rise and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure in the cylinder, thus impressing the combustion noise.
This paper is developing the research on combustion noise for the control by pilot injection. The result shows:in the different conditions, the reasonable pilot injection can efficiently reduce the maximum of the rate of pressure rise, the peak numerical of heat release rate and high-frequency oscillation of combustion pressure, reducing the combustion noise; The greater pilot injection amount can make up for disadvantages of cold condition making combustion chamber wall’s temperature lower and narrow the effect difference between pilot injection’s control for the combustion noise of cold condition and that of warmer condition.
In the aspect of control of combustion noise in idle condition, considered compression temperature is low, the mixture air is non-uniform and ignition delay is long, this article carries out the research of control combustion noise in idle condition by EGR, lower pressure of injection and pilot injection. The results show that EGR, lower pressure of injection and pilot injection can effectively control combustion noise in idle condition. It provides the reference for the actual control of noise of diesel engine in idle condition.
On the basis of the research for the influencing mechanism of the combustion noise in transient condition, this paper carries on the research of control combustion noise in transient condition, analyzed control difference between transient condition and steady condition; presents control policy for control of combustion noise in transient condition. On the basis of the control policy, this paper using pilot injection, EGR and turbocharged condition controls combustion noise in transient condition. The results show pilot injection, EGR and turbocharged condition cause combustion noise in transient condition to reduce. It provides the foundation for the project actual application to control combustion noise in transient condition.
引文
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