共轭亚油酸对生长肥育猪脂肪代谢的影响
摘要
本研究通过2个动物试验探讨了共轭亚油酸在日粮中不同添加水平和不同持续饲喂时间对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质、胴体脂肪酸组成、脂肪细胞形态及脂肪酶活性的影响。试验一选用54头阉公猪(杜×长×大，平均初始体重63.8 kg)，按体重随机分为3个处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复3头猪。自由采食3种不同共轭亚油酸添加水平的日粮(0、2％和4％)，试验期为42 d。结果表明，日粮中添加共轭亚油酸(2％或4％)可以有效改善肥育猪的生长性能，平均日增重、平均日采食量和饲料／增重均有明显改善(P＜0.01)；眼肌面积和肌内脂肪含量线性增加(P=0.01)，背膘厚度线性下降(P＜0.05)。试验二选用54头阉公猪(杜×长×大，平均初始体重64.0 kg)，按体重随机分为2个处理，每个处理9个重复，每个重复3头猪。对照组(3 wks组)屠宰前3 wks、试验组(6 wks组)屠宰前6 wks饲喂4％共轭亚油酸日粮。试验结果表明，6wks组猪的平均日增重比3 wks组明显提高(P＜0.01)，饲料／增重显著降低(P＜0.01)，平均日采食量没有显著差异(P＞0.05)；眼肌面积和肌内脂肪含量显著增加(P＜0.01)，第10肋处背膘厚度和最后肋处背膘厚度显著降低(P＜0.05)，滴水损失呈降低趋势，心脏重量和肝脏重量没有显著差异；皮下脂肪中脂肪细胞数目没有差异(P＞0.05)，脂肪细胞体积明显降低(P=0.01)。随着日粮共轭亚油酸添加水平的增加和饲喂时间的延长，肌肉、脂肪组织中共轭亚油酸的水平增加(P＜0.01)，脂肪组织中饱和脂肪酸含量增加(P＜0.01)，不饱和脂肪酸含量降低(P＜0.01)；肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量也随日粮共轭亚油酸添加水平的增加分别升高和降低。增加日粮中共轭亚油酸的水平，可以显著降低皮下脂肪中脂蛋白脂酶的活性(P＜0.01)、提高激素敏感脂酶的活性(P＜0.01)。延长共轭亚油酸的饲喂时间，可以显著降低脂蛋白脂酶的活性(P＜0.01)，但对激素敏感脂酶的活性没有显著影响(P＞0.05)。
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on performance, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity and lipase activity in finishing barrows. In experiment 1, fifty-four crossbred barrows were allotted to one of three treatments, with six peris per treatment and three barrows in each pen. The pigs were fed a diet containing 0, 2, or 4% CLA oil for 6 wks. Daily gain (P < 0.01) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01) improved with dietary CLA. Loin muscle area (P = 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P = 0.01) increased while 10th rib fat and last rib fat thickness decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CLA. In experiment 2, barrows (n = 54) were allotted to one of two treatments with nine pens per treatment and three pigs in each pen. Pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 4% CLA for 3 or 6 wks before slaughter. Over the entire experimental period, daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (P < 0.01) when CLA was fed for a
longer duration. Loin muscle area (P < 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) increased while backfat thickness at the 10th and last rib decreased (P < 0.05) when CLA was fed for 6 vs 3 wks. The number of cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue was not affected (P > 0.05) while adipocyte volume decreased (P = 0.01) with longer feeding time on dietary CLA. With increasing dietary CLA and longer feeding time on dietary CLA, total CLA isomers increased (P < 0.01), the saturated fatty acid increased (P < 0.01) and the unsaturated fatty acid decreased (P < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The saturated fatty acid increased and the unsaturated fatty acid decreased with increasing dietary CLA in loin muscle. Lipoprotein lipase activity decreased (P < 0.01) and hormone-sensitive lipase activity increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary CLA in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hormone-sensitive lipase activity was not affected (P > 0.05) while lipoprotein lipase activity decreased (P < 0.01) with longer feeding time
on dietary CLA.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on performance, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity and lipase activity in finishing barrows. In experiment 1, fifty-four crossbred barrows were allotted to one of three treatments, with six peris per treatment and three barrows in each pen. The pigs were fed a diet containing 0, 2, or 4% CLA oil for 6 wks. Daily gain (P < 0.01) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01) improved with dietary CLA. Loin muscle area (P = 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P = 0.01) increased while 10th rib fat and last rib fat thickness decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CLA. In experiment 2, barrows (n = 54) were allotted to one of two treatments with nine pens per treatment and three pigs in each pen. Pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 4% CLA for 3 or 6 wks before slaughter. Over the entire experimental period, daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (P < 0.01) when CLA was fed for a
longer duration. Loin muscle area (P < 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) increased while backfat thickness at the 10th and last rib decreased (P < 0.05) when CLA was fed for 6 vs 3 wks. The number of cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue was not affected (P > 0.05) while adipocyte volume decreased (P = 0.01) with longer feeding time on dietary CLA. With increasing dietary CLA and longer feeding time on dietary CLA, total CLA isomers increased (P < 0.01), the saturated fatty acid increased (P < 0.01) and the unsaturated fatty acid decreased (P < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The saturated fatty acid increased and the unsaturated fatty acid decreased with increasing dietary CLA in loin muscle. Lipoprotein lipase activity decreased (P < 0.01) and hormone-sensitive lipase activity increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary CLA in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hormone-sensitive lipase activity was not affected (P > 0.05) while lipoprotein lipase activity decreased (P < 0.01) with longer feeding time
on dietary CLA.
引文
李德发主编．2003．猪的营养．北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，pp 140-142．
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