达万线明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩施工技术
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摘要
达(县)万(州)铁路是我国“九五”计划的重点工程。它的建成对重庆、四川及陕南的改革开放，促进川东及三峡库区工农业生产的发展，加速西南地区社会经济进步，扶助老区人民脱贫致富均有十分重要的意义。
明月江属山区河流，达万铁路八跨明月江，其中明月江1、2、3号大桥桥位处水深、砂厚，枯水期短，工期较紧，空心墩高的施工难度最为艰巨，也是全线工期控制工程之一。在开挖基坑时，若施工措施不当，很容易产生流砂现象。在工程开工前，施工单位对桥梁施工技术难点作了分析研究，将明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩作为重点工程，并将水下砂层的处理及空心高墩施工技术作为QC技术攻关的重点项目。
面对诸多困难施工单位不等不靠，主动出击，克服地质条件差、雨季影响大等诸多不利因素，弘扬铁路职工艰苦奋斗、勇闯难关的开路先锋精神，合理组织，精心安排，强化现场管理，使大桥施工顺利进行，保证了各项工程如期完工，并于2002年通过铁道部正式验收，让四川、重庆家乡父老百年梦圆新世纪。
明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩施工，涉及深水大桥压浆治砂施工技术，水下钻孔桩施工技术及空心高墩翻板爬模施工技术等内容，施工技术较以往有所提高。作者对类似工程的设计及施工组织安排提出建议，认为一个好的设计方案不仅仅要满足结构设计要求，更要施工可行、经济合理；工程施工前一定要做好详细周全的施工调查，要探明地质地形情况，制定合理可行的施工方案；提前预见问题、发现问题、解决问题，将问题消灭在萌芽状态，避免造成损失，这是确保工期、质量、效益的关键。
本文结合作者自己的亲身实践，论述了达万线明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩施工过程、施工技术、施工方案、设计变更以及出现的问题，并阐述了自己的体会、认识和教训，对今后类似工程的设计、施工有一定的参考价值，值得总结与推广应用。
The Da-Wan Railway is the key engineering of the national 9th-Five-Year Project. The building-up of the railway will promote the reform and opening of Chongqing, Sichuan and South Shanxi, is of great advantage to the industry and agriculture of East Sichuan and the zone around the Sanxia Reservoir. It will accelerate the social economy of Southwest China and help the people at old revolution area get rich.
The Mingyue River is located in mountainous area. There are eight bridges over the Mingyue River on the Da-Wan Railway. As far as the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 bridges of all eight bridges, the piers are high and hollow, the sand layers of their foundations are thick, and the water is deep. The low water period and the time limit for the three projects are short. The constructions are difficult. Due to the above reasons, the three bridges are the control projects of overall the railway. If the construction method is not suitable, the excavation of foundation would easily induce the shifting sand. Before the construction of the three bridges, the construction technology is investigated by the construction units. The No. 1, No.2, No.3 bridges are regarded as the key of the engineering. The treatment of underwater sand layer and the construction technique of hollow high pier are regarded as the key of the QC Project.
Facing to many difficulties, the construction units are active to overcome the disadvantage factors, such as bad geologic condition and rainy period. The open-way pioneer spirit is developed, which is fighting our way and conquering bravely the difficulties. Organizing with reason, arranging with care and strengthening the management on site ensure the construction successfully, and ensure that the projects are finished in time. The projects have been checked and accepted by the Ministry of Railways in 2002. The 100-year dream of people in Sichuan and Chongqing has been realized in new century.
Some construction techniques are developed in the pier construction of the No. 1, No. 2, No.3 bridges over the Mingyue River, for example, mud-jacking for the shifting sand for the bridge in deep water and turning over stripping form with climbing formwork for the hollow high pier. Some suggestions are presented in this thesis. A good design proposal is not only to satisfy structure function, but also to be convenient for construction and economy. Before the construction, the construction method should be investigated in detail, the geologic
condition should be explored, the construction proposal should be determined with reason, the possible problems should be foreseen, found out, and solved in advance to avoid losses. This is the key to guarantee quality and benefit of the project in the limited time period.
According to the author' s personal engineering practice, the construction program, construction technique, construction proposal, design change and some problems of the pier in water of the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 bridges over the Mingyue River on the Da-Wan Railway are introduced in this thesis. The understanding and lesson from the projects are discussed. They can be as the reference to similar engineering design and construction in future and should be summarized and put in wide use.
明月江属山区河流，达万铁路八跨明月江，其中明月江1、2、3号大桥桥位处水深、砂厚，枯水期短，工期较紧，空心墩高的施工难度最为艰巨，也是全线工期控制工程之一。在开挖基坑时，若施工措施不当，很容易产生流砂现象。在工程开工前，施工单位对桥梁施工技术难点作了分析研究，将明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩作为重点工程，并将水下砂层的处理及空心高墩施工技术作为QC技术攻关的重点项目。
面对诸多困难施工单位不等不靠，主动出击，克服地质条件差、雨季影响大等诸多不利因素，弘扬铁路职工艰苦奋斗、勇闯难关的开路先锋精神，合理组织，精心安排，强化现场管理，使大桥施工顺利进行，保证了各项工程如期完工，并于2002年通过铁道部正式验收，让四川、重庆家乡父老百年梦圆新世纪。
明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩施工，涉及深水大桥压浆治砂施工技术，水下钻孔桩施工技术及空心高墩翻板爬模施工技术等内容，施工技术较以往有所提高。作者对类似工程的设计及施工组织安排提出建议，认为一个好的设计方案不仅仅要满足结构设计要求，更要施工可行、经济合理；工程施工前一定要做好详细周全的施工调查，要探明地质地形情况，制定合理可行的施工方案；提前预见问题、发现问题、解决问题，将问题消灭在萌芽状态，避免造成损失，这是确保工期、质量、效益的关键。
本文结合作者自己的亲身实践，论述了达万线明月江1、2、3号大桥水中墩施工过程、施工技术、施工方案、设计变更以及出现的问题，并阐述了自己的体会、认识和教训，对今后类似工程的设计、施工有一定的参考价值，值得总结与推广应用。
The Da-Wan Railway is the key engineering of the national 9th-Five-Year Project. The building-up of the railway will promote the reform and opening of Chongqing, Sichuan and South Shanxi, is of great advantage to the industry and agriculture of East Sichuan and the zone around the Sanxia Reservoir. It will accelerate the social economy of Southwest China and help the people at old revolution area get rich.
The Mingyue River is located in mountainous area. There are eight bridges over the Mingyue River on the Da-Wan Railway. As far as the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 bridges of all eight bridges, the piers are high and hollow, the sand layers of their foundations are thick, and the water is deep. The low water period and the time limit for the three projects are short. The constructions are difficult. Due to the above reasons, the three bridges are the control projects of overall the railway. If the construction method is not suitable, the excavation of foundation would easily induce the shifting sand. Before the construction of the three bridges, the construction technology is investigated by the construction units. The No. 1, No.2, No.3 bridges are regarded as the key of the engineering. The treatment of underwater sand layer and the construction technique of hollow high pier are regarded as the key of the QC Project.
Facing to many difficulties, the construction units are active to overcome the disadvantage factors, such as bad geologic condition and rainy period. The open-way pioneer spirit is developed, which is fighting our way and conquering bravely the difficulties. Organizing with reason, arranging with care and strengthening the management on site ensure the construction successfully, and ensure that the projects are finished in time. The projects have been checked and accepted by the Ministry of Railways in 2002. The 100-year dream of people in Sichuan and Chongqing has been realized in new century.
Some construction techniques are developed in the pier construction of the No. 1, No. 2, No.3 bridges over the Mingyue River, for example, mud-jacking for the shifting sand for the bridge in deep water and turning over stripping form with climbing formwork for the hollow high pier. Some suggestions are presented in this thesis. A good design proposal is not only to satisfy structure function, but also to be convenient for construction and economy. Before the construction, the construction method should be investigated in detail, the geologic
condition should be explored, the construction proposal should be determined with reason, the possible problems should be foreseen, found out, and solved in advance to avoid losses. This is the key to guarantee quality and benefit of the project in the limited time period.
According to the author' s personal engineering practice, the construction program, construction technique, construction proposal, design change and some problems of the pier in water of the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 bridges over the Mingyue River on the Da-Wan Railway are introduced in this thesis. The understanding and lesson from the projects are discussed. They can be as the reference to similar engineering design and construction in future and should be summarized and put in wide use.
引文
[1] 金问鲁，实用土力学及地基处理实例，中国铁道出版社，北京，1993。
[2] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路工程施工技术手册-桥涵，中国铁道出版社，北京，1998。
[3] 王星华，粘土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用，中国铁道出版社，北京，1993。
[4] 吴邦颖等，软土地基处理，中国铁道出版社，北京，1995。
[5] 四川省铁道学会及铁道部第二工程局编，工程施工优秀科技论文集，西南交通大学出版社，成都，1997。
[6] 钱冬生，钢结构入门，中国铁道出版社，北京，1985。
[7] 左名麒等，桩基础工程，中国铁道出版社，北京，1996。
[8] 叶书麟，地基处理工程实例应用手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1998。
[9] 赵明华等，土力学地基与基础疑难释义，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1998。
[10] 建筑工程施工手册编写组，建筑工程施工手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1997。
[11] 汤康明，基础工程，西南交通大学出版社，成都，1990。
[12] 尚久驷，桥渡设计，中国铁道出版社，北京，1992。
[13] 刘成宇，土力学，中国铁道出版社，北京，1990。
[14] 程骁等，土建筑浆施工与效果检测，同济大学出版社，上海，1998。
[15] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路桥涵施工规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1996。
[16] 铁道部第三勘测设计院主编，铁路桥涵设计规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1996。
[17] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工及验收规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1997。
[18] 王华廉，桥梁施工，中国铁道出版社，北京，1997。
[19] 地基处理手册编写委员会，地基处理手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1988。
[20] 现代灌浆技术译文集编译组，现代灌浆技术译文集，水利电力出版社，北京，1991。
[21] 曾祥熹，钻孔护壁堵漏原理，地质出版社，北京，1986。
[22] 李世忠，钻孔工艺学，地质出版社，北京，1988。
[23] 白永年，土坝坝体和堤防灌浆，水利出版社，北京，1985
[24] 张作眉，水泥粘土浆性能及其在岩基防渗注浆中应用的研究，水利电力出版社，北京，1982。
[25] 张作眉，论砂砾土的可灌性，水利学报，1983，10。
[26] 曾祥熹，钻孔护壁堵漏与减阻，地质出版社，北京，1981。
[27] 杜家鸿，地下建筑注浆工程简明手册，科学出版社，北京，1992。
[28] 陈克望，山区铁路高墩爬模的研究与设计，铁道工程学报第3期，1995。
[29] 吉中仁，滑升翻模施工装置，发明专利公报第95期，1991。
[30] 陈宗严，我国自动爬升模板发展情况，土木工程学报第2期，1992。
[31] 陆云，南浦大桥，塔墩斜爬模施工实进步，桥梁建设第2期，1992。
[33] 叶可明，南浦大桥施工技术，上海践，桥梁建设第2期，1991。
[32] 糜嘉平，我国模板脚手架的施工技术交通大学出版社，上海，1992。
[34] 潘鼎，建筑施工模板图册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1993。
[35] 祖青山，建筑施工技术，中国环境科学出版社，北京，1992。
[36] 林宗元，岩土工程治理手册，辽宁科学技术出版社，沈阳，1993。
[37] 华南理工大学，地基及基础，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1991。
[38] 陈仲颐，基础工程学，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1990。
[2] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路工程施工技术手册-桥涵，中国铁道出版社，北京，1998。
[3] 王星华，粘土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用，中国铁道出版社，北京，1993。
[4] 吴邦颖等，软土地基处理，中国铁道出版社，北京，1995。
[5] 四川省铁道学会及铁道部第二工程局编，工程施工优秀科技论文集，西南交通大学出版社，成都，1997。
[6] 钱冬生，钢结构入门，中国铁道出版社，北京，1985。
[7] 左名麒等，桩基础工程，中国铁道出版社，北京，1996。
[8] 叶书麟，地基处理工程实例应用手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1998。
[9] 赵明华等，土力学地基与基础疑难释义，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1998。
[10] 建筑工程施工手册编写组，建筑工程施工手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1997。
[11] 汤康明，基础工程，西南交通大学出版社，成都，1990。
[12] 尚久驷，桥渡设计，中国铁道出版社，北京，1992。
[13] 刘成宇，土力学，中国铁道出版社，北京，1990。
[14] 程骁等，土建筑浆施工与效果检测，同济大学出版社，上海，1998。
[15] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路桥涵施工规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1996。
[16] 铁道部第三勘测设计院主编，铁路桥涵设计规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1996。
[17] 铁道部第三工程局主编，铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工及验收规范，中华人民共和国铁道部，北京，1997。
[18] 王华廉，桥梁施工，中国铁道出版社，北京，1997。
[19] 地基处理手册编写委员会，地基处理手册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1988。
[20] 现代灌浆技术译文集编译组，现代灌浆技术译文集，水利电力出版社，北京，1991。
[21] 曾祥熹，钻孔护壁堵漏原理，地质出版社，北京，1986。
[22] 李世忠，钻孔工艺学，地质出版社，北京，1988。
[23] 白永年，土坝坝体和堤防灌浆，水利出版社，北京，1985
[24] 张作眉，水泥粘土浆性能及其在岩基防渗注浆中应用的研究，水利电力出版社，北京，1982。
[25] 张作眉，论砂砾土的可灌性，水利学报，1983，10。
[26] 曾祥熹，钻孔护壁堵漏与减阻，地质出版社，北京，1981。
[27] 杜家鸿，地下建筑注浆工程简明手册，科学出版社，北京，1992。
[28] 陈克望，山区铁路高墩爬模的研究与设计，铁道工程学报第3期，1995。
[29] 吉中仁，滑升翻模施工装置，发明专利公报第95期，1991。
[30] 陈宗严，我国自动爬升模板发展情况，土木工程学报第2期，1992。
[31] 陆云，南浦大桥，塔墩斜爬模施工实进步，桥梁建设第2期，1992。
[33] 叶可明，南浦大桥施工技术，上海践，桥梁建设第2期，1991。
[32] 糜嘉平，我国模板脚手架的施工技术交通大学出版社，上海，1992。
[34] 潘鼎，建筑施工模板图册，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1993。
[35] 祖青山，建筑施工技术，中国环境科学出版社，北京，1992。
[36] 林宗元，岩土工程治理手册，辽宁科学技术出版社，沈阳，1993。
[37] 华南理工大学，地基及基础，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1991。
[38] 陈仲颐，基础工程学，中国建筑工业出版社，北京，1990。