预混火焰燃烧不稳定性及其主动控制
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摘要
在燃气轮机燃烧室中，采用预混燃烧可以降低燃烧室的温度和降低NOx的排放。但是，预混燃烧容易导致燃烧不稳定。有鉴于此，本文中对预混火焰的燃烧不稳定性及其主动控制技术进行了研究。
首先，完成了燃烧不稳定性主动控制的冷态实验研究。研究表明：对于压力振动进行主动控制的方法是可行的，能够减小压力振动。同时，主动控制可改变压力振动的特征频率。
其次，进行了声波扰动对锥形预混火焰的影响的理论分析和实验研究。提出了声波扰动时预混火焰表面温度脉动的简化模型，根据简化模型，预混火焰表而的温度会以声波扰动的频率脉动。实验结果表明，火焰对声波扰动的谐波、分谐波和高阶谐波响应并存。进行了声波扰动对V形预混火焰锋面皱褶影响的理论分析和实验研究。研究表明，V形预混火焰的锋面皱褶的频率与声波扰动的频率相同，其幅值与声波扰动的频率成反比。进行了声波扰动对预混锥形火焰燃烧室的压力振动的影响的实验研究。研究表明，声波扰动会使得燃烧室的压力出现与扰动声波频率一致的压力振动，且压力振动的幅度随着扰动幅度的增大而增大。
第三，对预混火焰的燃烧不稳定性进行了研究。研究表明：燃烧不稳定性与燃料／空气当量比有很大的关系，压力振动的特征频率随着燃料／空气当量比的增大而减小，压力振动的频率随着燃烧室平均压力的增大而减小、与预混气流量的关系比较复杂。
第四，对一典型的燃烧不稳定进行了主动控制技术的实验研究。实验结果表明，如果热释放率的波动与压力振动的相位一致时，会加大燃烧室的压力振动：如果热释放率的波动与压力振动的相位相反时，就会减小燃烧室的压力振动。
NOx emission can be reduced with premixed combustion for it reduces the temperatures of gas turbine combustors. But it is easy for premixed combustion to introduce instability to combustion. The purpose of this thesis is to research characteristics of premixed flame combustion instability and to develop active control technology.
Active control of combustion instability is tested on a cold model. Pressure oscillation can be attenuated by the active control system and main frequencies of pressure oscillation can be changed by the active control system.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on premixed conical flame is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. A predigested model of flame temperature fluctuation is deduced, and it is predicted that flame temperatures fluctuate at the frequencies of perturbation acoustic. The harmonic, sub-harmonic and multi-harmonic responses of a premixed flame to acoustic perturbation are observed in the experiments.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on the wrinkle of premixed V-shape flame is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Frequencies of the flame wrinkle are the same as the perturbation acoustic, and the amplitudes are smaller as the frequencies rise.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on the pressure oscillation of a premixed conical flame combustor is experimentally investigated. The frequencies of pressure oscillation are the same as perturbation acoustic, and the amplitudes rise with the increase of perturbation intensity.
Combustion instability related strongly to equivalent rates of fuel/air. The main frequencies of pressure oscillation decrease with the increase of the equivalent rates, and with the increase of the mean pressures of a combustor. The relationship between oscillation frequency and premixed gas flux is complex.
To a typical instable combustion, a active control is experimentally investigated. The pressure oscillation is amplified when it oscillates in phase with heat release rate fluctuation, and it is reduced when it oscillates out phase with heat release rate fluctuation.
首先，完成了燃烧不稳定性主动控制的冷态实验研究。研究表明：对于压力振动进行主动控制的方法是可行的，能够减小压力振动。同时，主动控制可改变压力振动的特征频率。
其次，进行了声波扰动对锥形预混火焰的影响的理论分析和实验研究。提出了声波扰动时预混火焰表面温度脉动的简化模型，根据简化模型，预混火焰表而的温度会以声波扰动的频率脉动。实验结果表明，火焰对声波扰动的谐波、分谐波和高阶谐波响应并存。进行了声波扰动对V形预混火焰锋面皱褶影响的理论分析和实验研究。研究表明，V形预混火焰的锋面皱褶的频率与声波扰动的频率相同，其幅值与声波扰动的频率成反比。进行了声波扰动对预混锥形火焰燃烧室的压力振动的影响的实验研究。研究表明，声波扰动会使得燃烧室的压力出现与扰动声波频率一致的压力振动，且压力振动的幅度随着扰动幅度的增大而增大。
第三，对预混火焰的燃烧不稳定性进行了研究。研究表明：燃烧不稳定性与燃料／空气当量比有很大的关系，压力振动的特征频率随着燃料／空气当量比的增大而减小，压力振动的频率随着燃烧室平均压力的增大而减小、与预混气流量的关系比较复杂。
第四，对一典型的燃烧不稳定进行了主动控制技术的实验研究。实验结果表明，如果热释放率的波动与压力振动的相位一致时，会加大燃烧室的压力振动：如果热释放率的波动与压力振动的相位相反时，就会减小燃烧室的压力振动。
NOx emission can be reduced with premixed combustion for it reduces the temperatures of gas turbine combustors. But it is easy for premixed combustion to introduce instability to combustion. The purpose of this thesis is to research characteristics of premixed flame combustion instability and to develop active control technology.
Active control of combustion instability is tested on a cold model. Pressure oscillation can be attenuated by the active control system and main frequencies of pressure oscillation can be changed by the active control system.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on premixed conical flame is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. A predigested model of flame temperature fluctuation is deduced, and it is predicted that flame temperatures fluctuate at the frequencies of perturbation acoustic. The harmonic, sub-harmonic and multi-harmonic responses of a premixed flame to acoustic perturbation are observed in the experiments.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on the wrinkle of premixed V-shape flame is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Frequencies of the flame wrinkle are the same as the perturbation acoustic, and the amplitudes are smaller as the frequencies rise.
The influence of acoustic perturbation on the pressure oscillation of a premixed conical flame combustor is experimentally investigated. The frequencies of pressure oscillation are the same as perturbation acoustic, and the amplitudes rise with the increase of perturbation intensity.
Combustion instability related strongly to equivalent rates of fuel/air. The main frequencies of pressure oscillation decrease with the increase of the equivalent rates, and with the increase of the mean pressures of a combustor. The relationship between oscillation frequency and premixed gas flux is complex.
To a typical instable combustion, a active control is experimentally investigated. The pressure oscillation is amplified when it oscillates in phase with heat release rate fluctuation, and it is reduced when it oscillates out phase with heat release rate fluctuation.
引文
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