轻型汽油车排放控制在线诊断核心技术研究
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摘要
车载诊断（OBD）系统作为监测汽车排放的一种有效手段，已被普遍纳入世界上主要汽车生产国和地区的排放法规。本论文结合国家863项目“轻型汽油车排放控制在线诊断技术”，主要通过数据分析和数学建模以及仿真试验和台架试验对OBD系统的核心技术进行研究。
对基于曲轴瞬时转速分析的发动机失火监测技术进行了研究。利用失火发生器设计了发动机失火台架试验，研究了曲轴位置传感器信号盘齿形修正算法和齿形制造偏差对失火诊断的影响，对此前的齿形修正算法进行了优化。采用时域滑动平均方法消除半转时间测量过程中可能的噪声源，设计了基于曲轴瞬时转速信号多重滤波的失火监测算法。该算法无需进行齿形修正和供油自学习修正，经台架试验验证，可准确检测发动机单缸或多缸的连续失火和随机失火。
基于三效催化器的储氧能力，利用安装在其前、后的两个阶跃型氧传感器，对三效催化器劣化诊断技术进行了研究。基于化学反应动力学，建立了三效催化器的氧储存率数学模型，利用Matlab/Simulink软件对建立的模型进行了仿真分析；基于氧储存率模型设计了三效催化器的劣化诊断算法，基于在线反馈修正方法对三效催化器氧储存率模型的劣化因子进行了研究。经台架试验验证，所建立的氧储存率模型能够较为精确地反映三效催化器储存和释放氧的能力，所设计的诊断算法能够诊断出三效催化器的劣化程度。
通过分析氧传感器输出信号对氧传感器老化进行了研究。利用氧信号发生器进行氧传感器老化台架试验，设计了氧传感器失效诊断算法，并对其诊断效果进行了台架试验验证。研究了氧传感器老化过程对空燃比和排放的影响，当氧传感器对混合气从稀到浓的响应变慢时，过量空气系数相对于正常值会减小，同时HC和CO排放浓度会增大；当氧传感器对混合气从浓到稀的响应变慢时，过量空气系数相对于正常值会增大，同时NOx排放浓度会增大。为减小氧传感器信号变慢的影响，提出了空燃比自适应PI控制算法，并利用Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真分析。结果表明，在氧传感器信号变慢但还没失效时，所设计的空燃比自适应PI控制器能减小过量空气系数偏离正常值的幅度，因而能够减少有害气体排放。
As an effective method for emission monitoring, On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)system has been generally brought into the emission standards in mostautomobile-producing countries and regions. In this paper the core technologies of OBDsystem are researched by data analysis, mathematical modeling, numerical simulationand experimental investigation.
Engine misfire detection is studied based on the crankshaft speed fluctuation.Through engine misfire bench test, the influence of58X wheel tolerances onrecognizing misfire is studied, and the remedy strategies for58X wheel tooth learningin misfire detection are studied and optimized. The time domain moving averagemethod is adopted to eliminate the noise in the reference period measurement processand a gasoline engine misfire detection method based on crankshaft speed multiplefiltering is presented. The test verifys that the method can recognize multi-cylindersrandom misfires accurately without fuel-cut self-earning and fuel-on self-learningmodifications.
Three-way converter (TWC) deterioration diagnosis is studied based on the oxygenstorage capability of TWC. The paper focuses on switching lambda sensors which arewidely installed on automobiles. Based on chemical reaction kinetics, the oxygenstorage rate model of TWC is established. The established oxygen storage rate model issimulated in Matlab/Simulink. The diagnostic algorithm for TWC degradation isdesigned based on the oxygen storage rate model. The degradation factors of the oxygenstorage rate model of TWC are studied by online feedback correction method. The testdata on engine bench indicates that the oxygen storage rate model has a high accuracy,and the diagnostic algorithm for TWC degradation is validated.
Exhaust gas oxygen sensor (EGOS) aging is studied based on the signal fault ofEGOS. The EGOS aging test bench is set up by using the oxygen signal generator. Thediagnosis strategy for EGOS degradation and the relevant test verification on enginebench are presented. The impact of EGOS aging on air-fuel ratio and emissions isstudied. During oxygen sensor response slowing to gas mixture from lean to rich thenormalized air fuel ratio decreases gradually and the emission concentrations of HCand CO increase; during oxygen sensor response slowing to gas mixture from rich to lean the normalized air fuel ratio increases gradually and the emission concentrationsof NOx increase. An adaptive correction PI air-fuel ratio control algorithm for oxygensensor slow response is presented based on the original air-fuel ratio PI controller in SIengines with a switching oxygen sensor. The adaptive correction PI control system isthen simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and the results show that the slow response ofswitching oxygen sensor has less effect on air-fuel ratio and the adaptive PI controller isvalid.
对基于曲轴瞬时转速分析的发动机失火监测技术进行了研究。利用失火发生器设计了发动机失火台架试验，研究了曲轴位置传感器信号盘齿形修正算法和齿形制造偏差对失火诊断的影响，对此前的齿形修正算法进行了优化。采用时域滑动平均方法消除半转时间测量过程中可能的噪声源，设计了基于曲轴瞬时转速信号多重滤波的失火监测算法。该算法无需进行齿形修正和供油自学习修正，经台架试验验证，可准确检测发动机单缸或多缸的连续失火和随机失火。
基于三效催化器的储氧能力，利用安装在其前、后的两个阶跃型氧传感器，对三效催化器劣化诊断技术进行了研究。基于化学反应动力学，建立了三效催化器的氧储存率数学模型，利用Matlab/Simulink软件对建立的模型进行了仿真分析；基于氧储存率模型设计了三效催化器的劣化诊断算法，基于在线反馈修正方法对三效催化器氧储存率模型的劣化因子进行了研究。经台架试验验证，所建立的氧储存率模型能够较为精确地反映三效催化器储存和释放氧的能力，所设计的诊断算法能够诊断出三效催化器的劣化程度。
通过分析氧传感器输出信号对氧传感器老化进行了研究。利用氧信号发生器进行氧传感器老化台架试验，设计了氧传感器失效诊断算法，并对其诊断效果进行了台架试验验证。研究了氧传感器老化过程对空燃比和排放的影响，当氧传感器对混合气从稀到浓的响应变慢时，过量空气系数相对于正常值会减小，同时HC和CO排放浓度会增大；当氧传感器对混合气从浓到稀的响应变慢时，过量空气系数相对于正常值会增大，同时NOx排放浓度会增大。为减小氧传感器信号变慢的影响，提出了空燃比自适应PI控制算法，并利用Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真分析。结果表明，在氧传感器信号变慢但还没失效时，所设计的空燃比自适应PI控制器能减小过量空气系数偏离正常值的幅度，因而能够减少有害气体排放。
As an effective method for emission monitoring, On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)system has been generally brought into the emission standards in mostautomobile-producing countries and regions. In this paper the core technologies of OBDsystem are researched by data analysis, mathematical modeling, numerical simulationand experimental investigation.
Engine misfire detection is studied based on the crankshaft speed fluctuation.Through engine misfire bench test, the influence of58X wheel tolerances onrecognizing misfire is studied, and the remedy strategies for58X wheel tooth learningin misfire detection are studied and optimized. The time domain moving averagemethod is adopted to eliminate the noise in the reference period measurement processand a gasoline engine misfire detection method based on crankshaft speed multiplefiltering is presented. The test verifys that the method can recognize multi-cylindersrandom misfires accurately without fuel-cut self-earning and fuel-on self-learningmodifications.
Three-way converter (TWC) deterioration diagnosis is studied based on the oxygenstorage capability of TWC. The paper focuses on switching lambda sensors which arewidely installed on automobiles. Based on chemical reaction kinetics, the oxygenstorage rate model of TWC is established. The established oxygen storage rate model issimulated in Matlab/Simulink. The diagnostic algorithm for TWC degradation isdesigned based on the oxygen storage rate model. The degradation factors of the oxygenstorage rate model of TWC are studied by online feedback correction method. The testdata on engine bench indicates that the oxygen storage rate model has a high accuracy,and the diagnostic algorithm for TWC degradation is validated.
Exhaust gas oxygen sensor (EGOS) aging is studied based on the signal fault ofEGOS. The EGOS aging test bench is set up by using the oxygen signal generator. Thediagnosis strategy for EGOS degradation and the relevant test verification on enginebench are presented. The impact of EGOS aging on air-fuel ratio and emissions isstudied. During oxygen sensor response slowing to gas mixture from lean to rich thenormalized air fuel ratio decreases gradually and the emission concentrations of HCand CO increase; during oxygen sensor response slowing to gas mixture from rich to lean the normalized air fuel ratio increases gradually and the emission concentrationsof NOx increase. An adaptive correction PI air-fuel ratio control algorithm for oxygensensor slow response is presented based on the original air-fuel ratio PI controller in SIengines with a switching oxygen sensor. The adaptive correction PI control system isthen simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and the results show that the slow response ofswitching oxygen sensor has less effect on air-fuel ratio and the adaptive PI controller isvalid.
引文
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