酸浆根腐病病原菌分离鉴定及室内药剂筛选
|
摘要
近年来,随着酸浆由野生向人工大面积种植的转变,酸浆根腐病也随之而来并逐年加重,成为酸浆生产的限制因素之一。本文选取酸浆种植地区的酸浆根腐病病根,分离鉴定出致病菌并对其生物学特性进行了研究,同时进行了杀菌剂的室内筛选。
从黑龙江省依兰县酸浆种植不同地块共采集56株酸浆根腐病病根,分离获得110个菌落。分属于5种病原菌:茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani,7号)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum, 4号)、三线镰孢菌(Fusarium tricinctum,2号)、锐顶镰孢菌(Fusarium acuminatum,3号)、砖红镰孢菌(Fusarium lateritium,1号),此外还分离出青霉菌属(Penicillium)中的一些腐生菌。5种病原菌的分离频率分别为34.55%、26.36%、13.34%、7.27%和16.18%。按照科赫式法则与形态学鉴定方法,初步确定致病菌为茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)与尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。
为了进一步确定致病菌的分类地位,本研究对4号和7号两种菌株进行ITS序列分析。结果表明:7号菌株扩增片段长度为529bp,经BLAST比对与GenBank中茄腐镰孢菌属中的EU611086.1等菌株序列的同源性达到98%,但未找到同源性为100%的片段,因此可以认为该菌株为茄腐镰孢菌属中的一个新菌种,获得登录号为HQ829354;4号菌株扩增片段长度为504bp,与Genbank中尖镰孢菌(EF611088.1)的同源性为100%,因此可以确定4号致病菌为尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。
对两种致病菌进行生物学特性分析。结果表明两种菌的最适培养基均为PDA培养基,但光照对它们的生长影响不大,茄腐镰孢菌的最适生长温度为25℃,最适pH值为8.0;尖镰孢菌在pH值为7.0、温度为30℃的PDA培养基上长势最优。
利用含毒介质法对7种化学药剂进行室内药剂筛选,结果表明:75%百菌清(Chlorothalonil)、60%纯白多菌灵(Carbendazim)、根萎停和50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂(胜扑)在浓度为400 mg/L时抑菌效果较明显,其中60%纯白多菌灵和根萎停两种药剂对茄腐镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌的抑制率最高,可达到100%。选取这两种药剂配制不同浓度梯度的含药培养基,进行抑菌试验,制作毒力回归方程。
其中60%纯白多菌灵抑制茄腐镰孢菌的EC_(50)为2.78mg/L,根萎停的EC_(50)为2.33 mg/L;60%纯白多菌灵抑制尖镰孢菌的EC_(50)为2.34 mg/L,根萎停的EC_(50)为13.96 mg/L。以此为依据进行两种药剂的混配试验筛选出增效配方。将筛选出来的两种抑菌效果好的药剂按照EC_(50)浓度配成药液,并按照不同体积比进行混配试验,多菌灵与根萎停两种药剂的体积比为3:7、2:8和1:9对抑制茄腐镰孢菌有增效作用;而多菌灵和根萎停的体积比为8:2、7:3、2:8和1:9对抑制尖镰孢菌有明显的增效作用。
In recent years,with the change of Physalis Alkekengi L. planting from the wild to cultivated, Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot become more and more serious. It has been one of limitations of Physalis Alkekengi L Production. In this paper,pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot was identified and biological characteristics,chemical control were studied.
First, the author collected 56 disease roots and isolated 110 fungals from the growing areas of Physalis Alkekengi L. in Yilan County of Heilongjiang Province.7 fungal species were identified from these isolates, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum ,Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium lateritium and two kinds of Penicillium. The separation frequency of five pathogens are 34.55%,26.36%,13.34%,7.27% and 16.18%.The results showed that Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum are the main pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot.
To further identify the taxonomic status of pathogenic bacteria. The rRNA gene sequence of filamentous fungi was amplified by PCR using fungal universal primers Its1 and Its4.The PCR products were sequenced to identify the fungal species. The results showed that Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum are the main pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot.
The results of the biological studies on Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum showed that the favorable medium is PDA medium.But the light is less effect on them.25℃and pH 8 is the optimum condition for Fusarium solani ;and 30℃and pH 7 is the optimum condition for Fusarium oxysporum.
Using the toxicity of seven fungicides and its concentrations were determined by testing the conidial germination rate and colony growth. The results indicated that conidial germination rate was effeetively inhibited by 75% Chlorothalonil, 60% Carbendazim,Root rot stop and 50% Different bacteria urea . The best effect reach 100% by 60% Carbendazim and Root rot stop.The EC_(50) of two kinds of fungicides were 2.78 mg/L and 2.33 mg/L for Fusarium solani;and the EC_(50) of two kinds of fungicides were 2.34mg/L and 13.96 mg/L for Fusarium oxysporum.For Fusarium solani,60% Carbendazim: Root rot stop (3:7) have synergy ;and for Fusarium oxysporum , 60% Carbendazim: Root rot stop(7:3) have synergy. These ratio have obvious synergy.
从黑龙江省依兰县酸浆种植不同地块共采集56株酸浆根腐病病根,分离获得110个菌落。分属于5种病原菌:茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani,7号)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum, 4号)、三线镰孢菌(Fusarium tricinctum,2号)、锐顶镰孢菌(Fusarium acuminatum,3号)、砖红镰孢菌(Fusarium lateritium,1号),此外还分离出青霉菌属(Penicillium)中的一些腐生菌。5种病原菌的分离频率分别为34.55%、26.36%、13.34%、7.27%和16.18%。按照科赫式法则与形态学鉴定方法,初步确定致病菌为茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)与尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。
为了进一步确定致病菌的分类地位,本研究对4号和7号两种菌株进行ITS序列分析。结果表明:7号菌株扩增片段长度为529bp,经BLAST比对与GenBank中茄腐镰孢菌属中的EU611086.1等菌株序列的同源性达到98%,但未找到同源性为100%的片段,因此可以认为该菌株为茄腐镰孢菌属中的一个新菌种,获得登录号为HQ829354;4号菌株扩增片段长度为504bp,与Genbank中尖镰孢菌(EF611088.1)的同源性为100%,因此可以确定4号致病菌为尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。
对两种致病菌进行生物学特性分析。结果表明两种菌的最适培养基均为PDA培养基,但光照对它们的生长影响不大,茄腐镰孢菌的最适生长温度为25℃,最适pH值为8.0;尖镰孢菌在pH值为7.0、温度为30℃的PDA培养基上长势最优。
利用含毒介质法对7种化学药剂进行室内药剂筛选,结果表明:75%百菌清(Chlorothalonil)、60%纯白多菌灵(Carbendazim)、根萎停和50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂(胜扑)在浓度为400 mg/L时抑菌效果较明显,其中60%纯白多菌灵和根萎停两种药剂对茄腐镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌的抑制率最高,可达到100%。选取这两种药剂配制不同浓度梯度的含药培养基,进行抑菌试验,制作毒力回归方程。
其中60%纯白多菌灵抑制茄腐镰孢菌的EC_(50)为2.78mg/L,根萎停的EC_(50)为2.33 mg/L;60%纯白多菌灵抑制尖镰孢菌的EC_(50)为2.34 mg/L,根萎停的EC_(50)为13.96 mg/L。以此为依据进行两种药剂的混配试验筛选出增效配方。将筛选出来的两种抑菌效果好的药剂按照EC_(50)浓度配成药液,并按照不同体积比进行混配试验,多菌灵与根萎停两种药剂的体积比为3:7、2:8和1:9对抑制茄腐镰孢菌有增效作用;而多菌灵和根萎停的体积比为8:2、7:3、2:8和1:9对抑制尖镰孢菌有明显的增效作用。
In recent years,with the change of Physalis Alkekengi L. planting from the wild to cultivated, Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot become more and more serious. It has been one of limitations of Physalis Alkekengi L Production. In this paper,pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot was identified and biological characteristics,chemical control were studied.
First, the author collected 56 disease roots and isolated 110 fungals from the growing areas of Physalis Alkekengi L. in Yilan County of Heilongjiang Province.7 fungal species were identified from these isolates, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum ,Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium lateritium and two kinds of Penicillium. The separation frequency of five pathogens are 34.55%,26.36%,13.34%,7.27% and 16.18%.The results showed that Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum are the main pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot.
To further identify the taxonomic status of pathogenic bacteria. The rRNA gene sequence of filamentous fungi was amplified by PCR using fungal universal primers Its1 and Its4.The PCR products were sequenced to identify the fungal species. The results showed that Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum are the main pathogen of Physalis Alkekengi L. Root Rot.
The results of the biological studies on Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum showed that the favorable medium is PDA medium.But the light is less effect on them.25℃and pH 8 is the optimum condition for Fusarium solani ;and 30℃and pH 7 is the optimum condition for Fusarium oxysporum.
Using the toxicity of seven fungicides and its concentrations were determined by testing the conidial germination rate and colony growth. The results indicated that conidial germination rate was effeetively inhibited by 75% Chlorothalonil, 60% Carbendazim,Root rot stop and 50% Different bacteria urea . The best effect reach 100% by 60% Carbendazim and Root rot stop.The EC_(50) of two kinds of fungicides were 2.78 mg/L and 2.33 mg/L for Fusarium solani;and the EC_(50) of two kinds of fungicides were 2.34mg/L and 13.96 mg/L for Fusarium oxysporum.For Fusarium solani,60% Carbendazim: Root rot stop (3:7) have synergy ;and for Fusarium oxysporum , 60% Carbendazim: Root rot stop(7:3) have synergy. These ratio have obvious synergy.
引文
(明)李时珍.1982.本草纲目.北京:人民卫生出版社.1995:1048~1050.植物病理学报. 12(3):l~12.l~86.
晁龙军,单学敏,车少臣等. 2000.草坪褐斑病病原菌鉴定,流行规律及综合控制技术的研究.中国草地.2(4):42~47.
陈福良,郑斐能,王仪.1997.农药混配室内毒力测定的一种实用技术.农药科学与管理. 18(4):30~31,34.
陈鸿逵,王拱辰,梁训义.镰刀菌研究:浙江省大小麦赤霉病穗上的镰刀菌种及其致病性.
陈鸿逵,王拱辰.1992.浙江镰刀菌志.杭州:浙江科技出版社.
陈剑山,郑服丛.2007.ITS序列分析在真菌分类鉴定中的应用.安徽农业科学.35(13): 3785~3786,3792.
陈明波,赵丽英,尚富德.2008.酸浆的组织培养与植株再生.河南大学学报.38(6)613~617.
陈庆涛,傅秀辉,陈杨德.1986.嗜石油的两个镶刀菌新分类单元.真菌学报.
单立冬,龚珊,郭试瑜.2003.灯笼草消炎作用的实验.苏州大学医学科学杂志.23(4): 394~396.
方中达.1979.植病研究方法:北京农业出版社.
葛玉,段玉峰,刘俊花等.2006.黑龙江酸浆果实及果萼的成分分析.营养学报.28(6): 529~531.
龚珊,单立冬,张玉英等.2002,挂金灯镇痛作用的实验.苏州大学学报:医学版.22(4): 380~382.
国家药典委员会编. 2000.中华人民共和国药典(一部).北京:化学工业出版社.296.
胡春霞,佟凤琴. 2001.酸浆果皮色素的提取及稳定性研究.辽宁师专学报.3(2):91~93.
黄国洋.2000.农药试验技术与评价方法.北京:中国农业出版社.
李德坤. 2001.锦灯笼化学成分的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.
李萍,王晓中. 1996.酸浆苦素B对活化多核性中性细胞化学发光及H2O2产生的影响.中草药.27(5):284.
梁巧兰,徐秉良,刘艳梅.2004.观赏百合根腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂筛选.甘肃农业大学学报. 2(1):25~28.
林晓民,李振岐,王少先.2005.真菌rDNA的特点及在外生菌根菌鉴定中的应用.西北农业学报.14(2): 120.
刘雅杰,于德江,李宝荣. 1990.酸浆资源和利用.中国野生植物.5(2):35~36.
刘勇明编著. 1999.维吾尔药志(下册).新疆:新疆科技卫生出版社.918~922.
帕提古丽·马合木提,高莉,史博等.2004.酸浆花萼色素的提取及理化性质研究.食品科学.9:35~38.
曲田丽,辛惠普.2003.绿豆根腐病菌生物学特性研究.黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.15(4):109~114.
任春光,桑维钧,姚松林等.2009.撑绿竹赤霉病的病原菌鉴定及杀菌剂毒力测定.中国森林病虫.28(4):5~6.
阮兴业,罗文富. 1986.云南省镰刀菌属种类鉴定.云南农业大学学报.1(1):1~13.
苏慧兰,高振江,吕佩珂等. 2009.酸浆病害及防治.中国蔬菜.4(3):24~26.
孙可群. 1988.花卉及观赏树木栽培手册.北京:中国林业出版社.
孙伟,刘玉章,曲寿河等.2000.酸浆春季直播栽培.
王保成,马恩波,任竹梅.2000.两种有机磷农药及其混配农药的毒力测定.山西大学学报.23(4):354~357.
王灿玲,翁何霞. 2007.酸浆水提取物的抗炎作用研究.中国研究.20(1): 17~18.
王拱辰,郑重,叶琪明等. 1996.常见镰孢菌鉴定指南.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.
王国珍,鲁占魁. 1994.宁夏枸杞根腐病病原的研究.微生物学通报.21(6):330~332.
王和平,徐美术. 2004.锦灯笼降血糖作用的实验研究.中医药信息.21(1): 53~55.
王惠哲. 2003.黄瓜根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及室内药剂筛选.河北农业大学.
王家东,王荣荣.2007.酸浆开发利用研究的进展.农技服务.24(1):109~112.
王家东,王晓闻. 2005.酸浆营养成分的分析.山西农业大学学报.25(4): 376~379.
王明东,杨松松.2005.锦灯笼化学成分及药理作用综述.辽宁中医学报. 7(4): 341~342.
王小艺,王跃龙,欧晓明.2005.农药混剂比研究的一种实用寻优方法初探.农药学学报.7(1):40~44.
魏景超. 1979.真菌鉴定手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
许艳丽. 2005.6株生防细菌对大豆根腐病防治效果初步评价.大豆科学.24(2):121~125.
阎红.2003.特种蔬菜知多少.四川烹饪高等专科学校学报. 21(3):15~16.
杨向黎,林爱军,王军.2001.我国农药混剂的开发与应用现状.山东农业大学学报.32(4):544~548.
杨晓虹,陈滴,周晓平.2000.酸浆果实无机元素和氨基酸含量的测定.人参研究.12(2): 34~36.
俞大拔.1977.镰刀菌分类学的意义.微生物学报.17(2):163~177.
俞大拔.1955.中国镰刀菌属菌种的初步名录.植物病理学报.1(1):1~18.
袁昌衡,周启贵,杨飞中.1997.80种中药水煎液对淋球菌的抑制试验.国医院药学杂志.17(11):508~509.
张娜,别智敏,秦文静等.2008.酸浆的化学成分及生理功效.吉林医药学院学报.29(4)104~107.
张瑞亭.1987.农药的混用与混剂.北京化学工业出版社.
张艳秋,刘伟,胡长效.2003.草莓根腐病的发生规律与综合防治.植保技术与推广. 23(1):14~15.
赵瑞琳. 2004.RAPD在真菌分类鉴定上的应用.热带农业科技.27(3): 23~26.
赵思峰,李国英,李晖等. 2002.新疆甜菜根腐病病原种群鉴定.中国糖料.1:3~8.
甄清,李静,李勇等.2006.锦灯笼宿萼提取物体外抗菌作用研究.天然产物研究与开发.18(2): 273~274.
中国科学院植物研究所. 1983.中国高等植物图鉴(第三册).北京:科学出版社.716.
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1999.中国植物志(第67卷第一册).北京:高等教育出版社.117~126.
中国真菌志
周静,李艳,鲁建江等.2000.酸浆果多糖的提取及含量测定.数理医药学杂志.13(3): 241~242.
周静,王莉,李艳等. 1997.酸浆果实营养成分分析.营养学报.19(2):243~245.
周小平,王晓虹,李丽贤等.2001.酸浆果实与宿萼无机元素的比较分析.白求恩医科大学学报.27(4):363~364.
周亚丽,刘淑艳. 2007.长春地区蝴蝶兰根腐病病原菌鉴定及化学防治效果研究.吉林农业大学.
朱天辉,陈第文. 1995.花椒根腐病的发生发展规律.四川农业大学学报.13(3):288~291.
Antoun MD,Abramson D,Tyson RL et al.1981.Potential antitumor agents.XVII.Physalin B and 25,26~epidihydrophysalin C from Witheringia coccoloboides.J Nat Prod.44:579~585.
Bai JY,Bai LY,Wang DY,et al.2010. Establishment of PCR~RFLP Identification System of Soybean Root Rot Pathogen. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University.33(2): 151~154.
Booth C. 1977. Fusarium: Laboratory guide to the identification of the major species. CMI.Press.
Booth C. 1971.Physical and biochemical technicals in the identification of Fusaria.CMI.Press.
Booth C. 1971.The Genus Fusarium.CMI.Press.
Bunyard B A,Chaichuchote S,NicholsonM S, et al..1996. RibosomalDNA analysis for resolution of genotypic classes of Pleu~rotus.MycolRes, 100(2): 143~150.
Crafts A S,Cleary C W. 1936.Toxicity of arsenic,borax,chlorate and their combinations in three California soils.Hilgardia.10:401~412.
Dornberger K. 1986.The potential antineoplastic acting constituents of Physalis alkekengi L.var franchetii Mast.Pharmazie. 41(4):265~268.
Gaetán S,Madia M,Cepeda R. 2004.First report of Fusarium crown and root rot cansed by Fusarium solani on St.John’s~Wort in Argentina.Plant Disease.88(9):1050.
Han R. 1994.Recent progress in the study of anti~cancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China.Chin Med Sci J.9:61~69.
Hartwell JL. 1994.Plants used against cancer.A survey.Lawrence,CA:Quarterman Publications,traditional medicines in China.Chin Med Sci J. 961~69.
Harveson R M,Rush C M. 1994.Evaluation of Fumigation and rhizomania~tolerant cultivars for Control of a root disease complex of sugar beets.Plant Disease.78:1197~1202.
Horsfall J G. 1945.Fungicides and their Action. W altham:Chronia Botanica.
Hwang S F,Howard RJ,Chang K Fet al. 1994.Etiology and severity of Fusarium root rot of lentil In Alberta.Plant Pathology.16:295~303.
Leary J V,Endo R M.A Fusarium~induced root rot of staked tomatoes. Phytopathology, Lycopersici inducing root rot of tomato.Proceedings of Kansai Plant Protection Society.
MAYL. 2002.Study on the chemical composition analysis and utilization of ground cherry. AcadJChangchun Univ.12(3):21~23.
Padaganur G M,Kachapur M R,Naik K S et al. 1988.Hibiscus sabdariffa L,a new host to Fusarium solani(Mart) Saccl.Plant Pathology Newsletter.6(l~2):13.
Pietro RC,Kashima S,Sato DN,et al. 2000.In vitro antimycobacterial activities of Physalis angulata L.Phytomedicine.7(4):335~338.
Polizzi G,Grasso S A.Decline of Cycas revoluta caused by Fusarium solani.
Roy K W, Lawrence G W, Hodges H H,et al. 1989.Sudden death syndrome of soybean: Fusarium Solani as incitant and relation of Heterodera glycines to disease severity.Canadian Phytopathology.79: 191~197.
Royse D J,NicholsonM S,Bunyard B A.1995. Ribosomal DNA for molecular systematics and genetic analysis of populations of edible fungi LuoX C, ZangM. The Biology and Technology of Lentinula Mushroom. Rupe J C. 1989.Frequency and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani recovered from soybeans with Sudden death syndrome.Plant Disease. 73:581~584. Sato R,Araki T. On the tomato root~rot disease occuring under vinyl-house conditions. Snyder W C,Hansen H N. 1945.The species conceptin Fusarium with reference to Disolor and other section.Ameriean Joumal of Botany.32:621~634. Snyder W C,Hansen H N,Oswald J W. 1989.Cultivars of the fungus Fusarium.Madras. Snyder W C,Hansen H N. 1945.The species conceptin Fusarium with reference to Disolor and other section.Ameriean Joumal of Botany. 32:657~666. Sonoda R M. 1989.The occurrence of a Fusarium root rot of tomatoes in South Florida. Plant Southerm Hokkaido.Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection North Japan,texas.Plant Disease.73:879~884. Thomas W.Baumann,Christoph M. 1993.Meier.Chemical defence by withanolides during fruit development in Physalis peruviana.Phytochemistry.33(2):317~321. Vessal M,Mehrani HA,Omrani GH. 1991.Effects of an aqueous extract of Physalis alkekengi fruit on estrus cycle, reproduction and uterine creatine kinase BB~isozymein rats.J Ethnopharmacol. 34(1) : 69~78.
Wollenweber H W,Reinking O A.1935.Die Fusarien.Berlin:Paul Parey.
Vessal M,Mehrani HA,Omrani GH.1991.Effects of an aqueous extract of Physalis alkekengi fruit on estrus cycle,reproduction and uterine creatine kinase BB~isozymein rats.J Ethnopharmacol. 34(1):69~78.
Zhang DC. 2008.Physalis alkekengiL..China Vegetables.22(4):56.
晁龙军,单学敏,车少臣等. 2000.草坪褐斑病病原菌鉴定,流行规律及综合控制技术的研究.中国草地.2(4):42~47.
陈福良,郑斐能,王仪.1997.农药混配室内毒力测定的一种实用技术.农药科学与管理. 18(4):30~31,34.
陈鸿逵,王拱辰,梁训义.镰刀菌研究:浙江省大小麦赤霉病穗上的镰刀菌种及其致病性.
陈鸿逵,王拱辰.1992.浙江镰刀菌志.杭州:浙江科技出版社.
陈剑山,郑服丛.2007.ITS序列分析在真菌分类鉴定中的应用.安徽农业科学.35(13): 3785~3786,3792.
陈明波,赵丽英,尚富德.2008.酸浆的组织培养与植株再生.河南大学学报.38(6)613~617.
陈庆涛,傅秀辉,陈杨德.1986.嗜石油的两个镶刀菌新分类单元.真菌学报.
单立冬,龚珊,郭试瑜.2003.灯笼草消炎作用的实验.苏州大学医学科学杂志.23(4): 394~396.
方中达.1979.植病研究方法:北京农业出版社.
葛玉,段玉峰,刘俊花等.2006.黑龙江酸浆果实及果萼的成分分析.营养学报.28(6): 529~531.
龚珊,单立冬,张玉英等.2002,挂金灯镇痛作用的实验.苏州大学学报:医学版.22(4): 380~382.
国家药典委员会编. 2000.中华人民共和国药典(一部).北京:化学工业出版社.296.
胡春霞,佟凤琴. 2001.酸浆果皮色素的提取及稳定性研究.辽宁师专学报.3(2):91~93.
黄国洋.2000.农药试验技术与评价方法.北京:中国农业出版社.
李德坤. 2001.锦灯笼化学成分的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.
李萍,王晓中. 1996.酸浆苦素B对活化多核性中性细胞化学发光及H2O2产生的影响.中草药.27(5):284.
梁巧兰,徐秉良,刘艳梅.2004.观赏百合根腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂筛选.甘肃农业大学学报. 2(1):25~28.
林晓民,李振岐,王少先.2005.真菌rDNA的特点及在外生菌根菌鉴定中的应用.西北农业学报.14(2): 120.
刘雅杰,于德江,李宝荣. 1990.酸浆资源和利用.中国野生植物.5(2):35~36.
刘勇明编著. 1999.维吾尔药志(下册).新疆:新疆科技卫生出版社.918~922.
帕提古丽·马合木提,高莉,史博等.2004.酸浆花萼色素的提取及理化性质研究.食品科学.9:35~38.
曲田丽,辛惠普.2003.绿豆根腐病菌生物学特性研究.黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.15(4):109~114.
任春光,桑维钧,姚松林等.2009.撑绿竹赤霉病的病原菌鉴定及杀菌剂毒力测定.中国森林病虫.28(4):5~6.
阮兴业,罗文富. 1986.云南省镰刀菌属种类鉴定.云南农业大学学报.1(1):1~13.
苏慧兰,高振江,吕佩珂等. 2009.酸浆病害及防治.中国蔬菜.4(3):24~26.
孙可群. 1988.花卉及观赏树木栽培手册.北京:中国林业出版社.
孙伟,刘玉章,曲寿河等.2000.酸浆春季直播栽培.
王保成,马恩波,任竹梅.2000.两种有机磷农药及其混配农药的毒力测定.山西大学学报.23(4):354~357.
王灿玲,翁何霞. 2007.酸浆水提取物的抗炎作用研究.中国研究.20(1): 17~18.
王拱辰,郑重,叶琪明等. 1996.常见镰孢菌鉴定指南.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.
王国珍,鲁占魁. 1994.宁夏枸杞根腐病病原的研究.微生物学通报.21(6):330~332.
王和平,徐美术. 2004.锦灯笼降血糖作用的实验研究.中医药信息.21(1): 53~55.
王惠哲. 2003.黄瓜根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及室内药剂筛选.河北农业大学.
王家东,王荣荣.2007.酸浆开发利用研究的进展.农技服务.24(1):109~112.
王家东,王晓闻. 2005.酸浆营养成分的分析.山西农业大学学报.25(4): 376~379.
王明东,杨松松.2005.锦灯笼化学成分及药理作用综述.辽宁中医学报. 7(4): 341~342.
王小艺,王跃龙,欧晓明.2005.农药混剂比研究的一种实用寻优方法初探.农药学学报.7(1):40~44.
魏景超. 1979.真菌鉴定手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
许艳丽. 2005.6株生防细菌对大豆根腐病防治效果初步评价.大豆科学.24(2):121~125.
阎红.2003.特种蔬菜知多少.四川烹饪高等专科学校学报. 21(3):15~16.
杨向黎,林爱军,王军.2001.我国农药混剂的开发与应用现状.山东农业大学学报.32(4):544~548.
杨晓虹,陈滴,周晓平.2000.酸浆果实无机元素和氨基酸含量的测定.人参研究.12(2): 34~36.
俞大拔.1977.镰刀菌分类学的意义.微生物学报.17(2):163~177.
俞大拔.1955.中国镰刀菌属菌种的初步名录.植物病理学报.1(1):1~18.
袁昌衡,周启贵,杨飞中.1997.80种中药水煎液对淋球菌的抑制试验.国医院药学杂志.17(11):508~509.
张娜,别智敏,秦文静等.2008.酸浆的化学成分及生理功效.吉林医药学院学报.29(4)104~107.
张瑞亭.1987.农药的混用与混剂.北京化学工业出版社.
张艳秋,刘伟,胡长效.2003.草莓根腐病的发生规律与综合防治.植保技术与推广. 23(1):14~15.
赵瑞琳. 2004.RAPD在真菌分类鉴定上的应用.热带农业科技.27(3): 23~26.
赵思峰,李国英,李晖等. 2002.新疆甜菜根腐病病原种群鉴定.中国糖料.1:3~8.
甄清,李静,李勇等.2006.锦灯笼宿萼提取物体外抗菌作用研究.天然产物研究与开发.18(2): 273~274.
中国科学院植物研究所. 1983.中国高等植物图鉴(第三册).北京:科学出版社.716.
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.1999.中国植物志(第67卷第一册).北京:高等教育出版社.117~126.
中国真菌志
周静,李艳,鲁建江等.2000.酸浆果多糖的提取及含量测定.数理医药学杂志.13(3): 241~242.
周静,王莉,李艳等. 1997.酸浆果实营养成分分析.营养学报.19(2):243~245.
周小平,王晓虹,李丽贤等.2001.酸浆果实与宿萼无机元素的比较分析.白求恩医科大学学报.27(4):363~364.
周亚丽,刘淑艳. 2007.长春地区蝴蝶兰根腐病病原菌鉴定及化学防治效果研究.吉林农业大学.
朱天辉,陈第文. 1995.花椒根腐病的发生发展规律.四川农业大学学报.13(3):288~291.
Antoun MD,Abramson D,Tyson RL et al.1981.Potential antitumor agents.XVII.Physalin B and 25,26~epidihydrophysalin C from Witheringia coccoloboides.J Nat Prod.44:579~585.
Bai JY,Bai LY,Wang DY,et al.2010. Establishment of PCR~RFLP Identification System of Soybean Root Rot Pathogen. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University.33(2): 151~154.
Booth C. 1977. Fusarium: Laboratory guide to the identification of the major species. CMI.Press.
Booth C. 1971.Physical and biochemical technicals in the identification of Fusaria.CMI.Press.
Booth C. 1971.The Genus Fusarium.CMI.Press.
Bunyard B A,Chaichuchote S,NicholsonM S, et al..1996. RibosomalDNA analysis for resolution of genotypic classes of Pleu~rotus.MycolRes, 100(2): 143~150.
Crafts A S,Cleary C W. 1936.Toxicity of arsenic,borax,chlorate and their combinations in three California soils.Hilgardia.10:401~412.
Dornberger K. 1986.The potential antineoplastic acting constituents of Physalis alkekengi L.var franchetii Mast.Pharmazie. 41(4):265~268.
Gaetán S,Madia M,Cepeda R. 2004.First report of Fusarium crown and root rot cansed by Fusarium solani on St.John’s~Wort in Argentina.Plant Disease.88(9):1050.
Han R. 1994.Recent progress in the study of anti~cancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China.Chin Med Sci J.9:61~69.
Hartwell JL. 1994.Plants used against cancer.A survey.Lawrence,CA:Quarterman Publications,traditional medicines in China.Chin Med Sci J. 961~69.
Harveson R M,Rush C M. 1994.Evaluation of Fumigation and rhizomania~tolerant cultivars for Control of a root disease complex of sugar beets.Plant Disease.78:1197~1202.
Horsfall J G. 1945.Fungicides and their Action. W altham:Chronia Botanica.
Hwang S F,Howard RJ,Chang K Fet al. 1994.Etiology and severity of Fusarium root rot of lentil In Alberta.Plant Pathology.16:295~303.
Leary J V,Endo R M.A Fusarium~induced root rot of staked tomatoes. Phytopathology, Lycopersici inducing root rot of tomato.Proceedings of Kansai Plant Protection Society.
MAYL. 2002.Study on the chemical composition analysis and utilization of ground cherry. AcadJChangchun Univ.12(3):21~23.
Padaganur G M,Kachapur M R,Naik K S et al. 1988.Hibiscus sabdariffa L,a new host to Fusarium solani(Mart) Saccl.Plant Pathology Newsletter.6(l~2):13.
Pietro RC,Kashima S,Sato DN,et al. 2000.In vitro antimycobacterial activities of Physalis angulata L.Phytomedicine.7(4):335~338.
Polizzi G,Grasso S A.Decline of Cycas revoluta caused by Fusarium solani.
Roy K W, Lawrence G W, Hodges H H,et al. 1989.Sudden death syndrome of soybean: Fusarium Solani as incitant and relation of Heterodera glycines to disease severity.Canadian Phytopathology.79: 191~197.
Royse D J,NicholsonM S,Bunyard B A.1995. Ribosomal DNA for molecular systematics and genetic analysis of populations of edible fungi LuoX C, ZangM. The Biology and Technology of Lentinula Mushroom. Rupe J C. 1989.Frequency and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani recovered from soybeans with Sudden death syndrome.Plant Disease. 73:581~584. Sato R,Araki T. On the tomato root~rot disease occuring under vinyl-house conditions. Snyder W C,Hansen H N. 1945.The species conceptin Fusarium with reference to Disolor and other section.Ameriean Joumal of Botany.32:621~634. Snyder W C,Hansen H N,Oswald J W. 1989.Cultivars of the fungus Fusarium.Madras. Snyder W C,Hansen H N. 1945.The species conceptin Fusarium with reference to Disolor and other section.Ameriean Joumal of Botany. 32:657~666. Sonoda R M. 1989.The occurrence of a Fusarium root rot of tomatoes in South Florida. Plant Southerm Hokkaido.Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection North Japan,texas.Plant Disease.73:879~884. Thomas W.Baumann,Christoph M. 1993.Meier.Chemical defence by withanolides during fruit development in Physalis peruviana.Phytochemistry.33(2):317~321. Vessal M,Mehrani HA,Omrani GH. 1991.Effects of an aqueous extract of Physalis alkekengi fruit on estrus cycle, reproduction and uterine creatine kinase BB~isozymein rats.J Ethnopharmacol. 34(1) : 69~78.
Wollenweber H W,Reinking O A.1935.Die Fusarien.Berlin:Paul Parey.
Vessal M,Mehrani HA,Omrani GH.1991.Effects of an aqueous extract of Physalis alkekengi fruit on estrus cycle,reproduction and uterine creatine kinase BB~isozymein rats.J Ethnopharmacol. 34(1):69~78.
Zhang DC. 2008.Physalis alkekengiL..China Vegetables.22(4):56.