木材山峰状纹理的视觉特性研究
|
摘要
木材纹理是由木材细胞的排列所形成的，是木材最重要的自然属性之一，也是鉴定和利用木材的重要基础，同时也会影响到木制品的视觉效果。木材纹理因为不同的锯切方式会产生不同的纹理形状，本文主要研究木材弦切面上的山峰状纹理。
本论文首先从能够表征木材纹理视觉特性的的视觉心理量词汇中筛选了能够涵盖表征木材山峰状纹理特性的心理量词汇，应用感性工学的理论，从视觉心理量与视觉物理量的角度，对实木山峰状纹理和实木图像制版山峰状纹理、人工模拟山峰状纹理的视觉特性进行了研究。
主要研究结果如下：
（1）对13个实木木材山峰状纹理、12个科技木木材山峰状纹理43个实木图像制版山峰状纹理进行视觉心理量喜好程度的问卷调查分析，筛选出了20个喜好程度较高的山峰状纹理。并进一步用聚类分析法分析，发现木材山峰状纹理可分为三类。Ⅰ类纹理的间距平均值为4.63mm，粗细平均值为0.79mm，疏密程度平均值为0.23；Ⅱ类纹理的间距平均值为3.61mm，粗细平均值为0.76mm，疏密程度平均值为0.21；Ⅲ类纹理的间距平均值为4.75mm，粗细平均值为1.01mm，疏密程度平均值为0.28。
（2）对于喜欢度较高的20个山峰状纹理用聚类分析法进行视觉物理量分析，发现木材山峰状纹理的视觉心理量特征也可分为三类，一类纹理的视觉心理量是朴素、自然、舒适、亲切；二类纹理的视觉心理量是现代、高雅、豪华、昂贵、细腻；三类纹理的视觉心理量是传统、粗犷、廉价。
（3）通过对木材山峰状纹理的视觉物理量和视觉心理量的对比分析，发现视觉物理量和心理量之间有很好的对应关系，即，“朴素、自然、舒适、亲切”的一类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度中等”的Ⅰ类视觉物理量；“现代、高雅、豪华、昂贵、细腻”的二类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度较小”的Ⅱ类视觉物理量；“传统、粗犷、廉价”的三类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度较大”的Ⅲ类视觉物理量。
（4）对Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类木材山峰状纹理进行人工模拟纹理设计，并将人工模拟纹理应用到二款家具上进行实例验证，证实与小样研究结果一致。
The wood grain is formed by the arrangement of the wood cells, which is the mostimportant one of the natural properties of wood and also an important basis for theidentification and use of wood, and can also affect the visual effects of wood products. Thewood will produce different shapes of textures because of the different way of cutting thepeaks. This dissertation studied the tangential section of wood-like texture.
This dissertation screened the psychological quantity vocabulary from the visualpsychological quantity, which could cover the characterization of wood mountain-liketexture. The theory of Kansei Engineering was applied to research on the mountain-liketexture, high emulation printing, and the artificial simulation mountain-like texture visualcharacteristics from the respects of visual psychological and physical quantities,respectively.
The major findings are as follows:
⑴Thirteen solid wood mountain-like textures, twelve technology wood peaks liketextures, and forty-three high emulation printing mountain shape textures were used forsurvey analysis of the visual psychological preference. There were twenty mountain-liketextures screened with higher preference. By cluster analysis found that they could bedivided into three categories (I, II, and III). The average values of texture spacing, thicknessand density for category I were4.63mm,0.79mm and0.23, respectively. The average valuesfor category II were3.61mm,0.76mm and0.21, respectively. The values for category IIIwere4.75mm,1.01mm and0.28, respectively.
⑵The analysis of the visual physical quantity for the higher preferences of20woodmountain-like textures by cluster analysis found that the characteristics of visualpsychological quantity of mountain-like texture could be also divided into three categories,the first one was plain, natural, comfortable and friendly; the second was modern, elegant,luxurious, expensive and delicate; the third was traditional, rugged, and inexpensive.
⑶By comparison of visual physical quantities of wood mountain-like texture andvisual psychology analysis found that the visual physical quantities and visual psychologyanalysis have a good corresponding relationship. Even “simple, natural, comfortable and cordial”that a kind of the visual physical quantity corresponded to “the medium extent ofspacing, thickness and density”that category I for visual psychology quantity;"the modern,elegant, luxurious, expensive and delicate" that two kind of the visual physical quantitycorresponded to "the less extent of spacing, thickness and density "that category II for visualphysical quantity;"traditional, rugged, and inexpensive "that three kind of the visualphysical quantity corresponded to "the larger extent of spacing, thickness and density "thatthe category III for visual physical quantity.
⑷The artificial simulation was used to categories I, II and III and the mountain-liketextures were used to two types of furniture fabrication, which was validated by examples.that confirm with sample research results.
本论文首先从能够表征木材纹理视觉特性的的视觉心理量词汇中筛选了能够涵盖表征木材山峰状纹理特性的心理量词汇，应用感性工学的理论，从视觉心理量与视觉物理量的角度，对实木山峰状纹理和实木图像制版山峰状纹理、人工模拟山峰状纹理的视觉特性进行了研究。
主要研究结果如下：
（1）对13个实木木材山峰状纹理、12个科技木木材山峰状纹理43个实木图像制版山峰状纹理进行视觉心理量喜好程度的问卷调查分析，筛选出了20个喜好程度较高的山峰状纹理。并进一步用聚类分析法分析，发现木材山峰状纹理可分为三类。Ⅰ类纹理的间距平均值为4.63mm，粗细平均值为0.79mm，疏密程度平均值为0.23；Ⅱ类纹理的间距平均值为3.61mm，粗细平均值为0.76mm，疏密程度平均值为0.21；Ⅲ类纹理的间距平均值为4.75mm，粗细平均值为1.01mm，疏密程度平均值为0.28。
（2）对于喜欢度较高的20个山峰状纹理用聚类分析法进行视觉物理量分析，发现木材山峰状纹理的视觉心理量特征也可分为三类，一类纹理的视觉心理量是朴素、自然、舒适、亲切；二类纹理的视觉心理量是现代、高雅、豪华、昂贵、细腻；三类纹理的视觉心理量是传统、粗犷、廉价。
（3）通过对木材山峰状纹理的视觉物理量和视觉心理量的对比分析，发现视觉物理量和心理量之间有很好的对应关系，即，“朴素、自然、舒适、亲切”的一类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度中等”的Ⅰ类视觉物理量；“现代、高雅、豪华、昂贵、细腻”的二类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度较小”的Ⅱ类视觉物理量；“传统、粗犷、廉价”的三类视觉心理量对应“纹理间距、粗细及疏密程度较大”的Ⅲ类视觉物理量。
（4）对Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类木材山峰状纹理进行人工模拟纹理设计，并将人工模拟纹理应用到二款家具上进行实例验证，证实与小样研究结果一致。
The wood grain is formed by the arrangement of the wood cells, which is the mostimportant one of the natural properties of wood and also an important basis for theidentification and use of wood, and can also affect the visual effects of wood products. Thewood will produce different shapes of textures because of the different way of cutting thepeaks. This dissertation studied the tangential section of wood-like texture.
This dissertation screened the psychological quantity vocabulary from the visualpsychological quantity, which could cover the characterization of wood mountain-liketexture. The theory of Kansei Engineering was applied to research on the mountain-liketexture, high emulation printing, and the artificial simulation mountain-like texture visualcharacteristics from the respects of visual psychological and physical quantities,respectively.
The major findings are as follows:
⑴Thirteen solid wood mountain-like textures, twelve technology wood peaks liketextures, and forty-three high emulation printing mountain shape textures were used forsurvey analysis of the visual psychological preference. There were twenty mountain-liketextures screened with higher preference. By cluster analysis found that they could bedivided into three categories (I, II, and III). The average values of texture spacing, thicknessand density for category I were4.63mm,0.79mm and0.23, respectively. The average valuesfor category II were3.61mm,0.76mm and0.21, respectively. The values for category IIIwere4.75mm,1.01mm and0.28, respectively.
⑵The analysis of the visual physical quantity for the higher preferences of20woodmountain-like textures by cluster analysis found that the characteristics of visualpsychological quantity of mountain-like texture could be also divided into three categories,the first one was plain, natural, comfortable and friendly; the second was modern, elegant,luxurious, expensive and delicate; the third was traditional, rugged, and inexpensive.
⑶By comparison of visual physical quantities of wood mountain-like texture andvisual psychology analysis found that the visual physical quantities and visual psychologyanalysis have a good corresponding relationship. Even “simple, natural, comfortable and cordial”that a kind of the visual physical quantity corresponded to “the medium extent ofspacing, thickness and density”that category I for visual psychology quantity;"the modern,elegant, luxurious, expensive and delicate" that two kind of the visual physical quantitycorresponded to "the less extent of spacing, thickness and density "that category II for visualphysical quantity;"traditional, rugged, and inexpensive "that three kind of the visualphysical quantity corresponded to "the larger extent of spacing, thickness and density "thatthe category III for visual physical quantity.
⑷The artificial simulation was used to categories I, II and III and the mountain-liketextures were used to two types of furniture fabrication, which was validated by examples.that confirm with sample research results.
引文
[1]基于感性工学的木材表面山峰状纹理的视觉特性研究，山西建筑，苗艳凤，关惠元2012（01）109-110
[2]杨少春，王克奇，戴天虹，白雪冰.基于直方图的木材表面颜色分类研究[J].森林工程，2008，24(1)：34～36.
[3]于海鹏.基于数字图像处理学的木材纹理定量化研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2005:2～3
[4]李坚.木材科学新篇.哈尔滨.东北林业大学出版社1991
[5]李坚.木材科学.哈尔滨东北林业大学出版社1994
[6]张锁，徐峰.木材检验技术.北京:中国标准出版社，2001
[7]李坚.木材科学.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社，1994
[8]王辉.基于灰度共生矩阵木材表面纹理模式识别方法的研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2007：28～31.
[9]邱坚种类繁多的木材花纹云南林业2003,24(1),20
[10]刘一星著.木材视觉环境学.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社，1994：85-88
[11]刘一星，李坚，王矛棣.木材表面视觉环境学特性分析(I)-木材表面视觉物理量与视觉心理量的关系[J].木材工业，1995，9(2):14-17.
[12]李坚，刘一星，方桂珍，木材表面视觉环境学特性分析((II)-视觉心理量的解析.木材工业.1995,9(3):20-23
[13]陈潇俐，红木类木材表面特性的研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2006：1
[14]王文彬，103种家具表面色彩的视觉物理量测定及色彩心理学特性的分析[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2001：3
[15]李坚，董玉库，刘一星，木材、人类与环境[J].家具，1992（01.020.3.04）：16-19
[16]刘一星，李坚，郭明晖，于晶，王缘棣，中国110树种木材表面视觉物理量的分布特征[J]东北林业大学学报，1995（01）：52-57
[17]刘一星，李坚，于晶，郭明晖，透明涂饰处理前后木材表面材色和光泽度的变化[J]家具，1995（03）：3-5
[18]李坚，刘一星，段新芳，木材涂饰与视觉物理量[M]，东北林业大学出版社出版，1998.08
[19]李坚，王松永，家具与环境[J]，东北林业大学学报，1997.11:43-47
[20]于海鹏,刘一星,刘镇波.木材纹理定量化算法探究.福建林学院学报,2005(02)：157-162
[21]于海鹏，刘一星，刘镇波，基于图像纹理特征的木材树种识别[J]，林业科学，2007（04）:77-82
[22]王克奇，陈立君，王辉，谢永华.基于空间灰度共生矩阵的木材纹理特征提取[J].森林工程，2006，22(1)：24～26.
[23]王辉，王克奇.基于主分量分析木材纹理的特征提取[J].森林工程，2006，22(6)：14～16.
[24]王晗，白雪冰，王辉.基于空间灰度共生矩阵木材纹理分类识别的研究[J].森林工程，2007，23(1)：32～36.
[25]刘一星，于海鹏，张显权，木质环境的科学评价[J].华中农业大学学报，2003，22(5)：499～504.
[26]陈立君.基于多分辨率分形维的木材表面纹理分类的研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2007.
[27] Sullivan J.D. Color Characterization of wood: Spectrophotometry and wood color[J]. Forest Prod.J,1967,17(7).
[28]Sullivan J.D. Color Characterization of wood: Color Parmeters of Individual Species[J]. ForestProd.J,1967,17(8).
[29] Hirouki Kuroda＆Ken Shimaji. Distribution of Coloring Substances in Sugi Heartwood[J].Holzforschung,1983,37(5).
[30] Moslemi A.A. Quantlitative color Measurement for Loblolly Pine Veneer[J]. Wood Sci,1969,2(1).
[31] Nelson N.D.＆Coppock W.A. Quantitative Color Value of the Heartwood of Various AustralianSpecies[J]. Australia Forestry,1970(4).
[32] Beckwith J.R.Theory and Practice of Heartwood Color Measurement[J]. Wood Sci.1979,2(l).
[33] Phelps J.E. Mcginnes E.A. et all. Growth-Quality Evaluation of Black Walnut wood, PartⅡ-Coloranalysis of Veneer Produced in different sites[J]. Wood and Fiber Scince,1983,15(2).
[34] Phelps J.E.Mcginnes E.A. et all. Growth-Quality Evaluation of Black Walnut wood, PartⅢ-AnAnatomical Study of Color Characteri Stics of Black Walnut Veneer[J]. Wood and Fiber Scince,1983,15(3).
[35]基太村洋子.内外材有用木材的测色值[J].林业实验场研究报告，1987，第347号.
[36]张翔等.木材材色的定量表征[J].林业科学，1990，26(4).
[37]甲斐勇二等木材の色にっぃて（1）[J].木材工业，1975,30(7)
[38]马岩.利用板材端面纹理判断和识别板材几何参数的数学描述理论[J].生物数学学报，2005，20(2)：245～250.
[39] Salvador Mondrago'n, Pedro Company，Margarita Vergara， Semantic Differential applied to theevaluation of machine tool design, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics，2005，35，1021一1029
[40]梅宜冬，从感性观点探讨数码产品造型意象特质[D]，台北，大叶大学，2004
[41]于海鹏，刘一星，刘镇波，基于图像纹理特征的木材树种识别[J]，林业科学，2007：20-21
[42]陈顺和，装饰材质的概念延伸及美学环境.家具与室内装饰[J]，2000（02）21
[43]于海鹏.基于数字图像处理学的木材纹理定量化研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2005:21
[44] Picard R W.Towards computer that recognize and respond to user emotion[J]，IBM SystemsJournal，2000,39（3&4）：706-719
[45]Khalid H M，Helander M G，Customer Emotional Needs in Product Design[J]，CONCURRENTENGINEERING：Research and Applications，2006,14（3）：999
[46]Yanagisawa H，Murakami T，Yoshinaga R.A method for extraction of potential emotional quality byanalysing emotional response toward unexplored design：Application to product sound quality[C]，//the ASEM International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers andInformation in Engineering Conference2009,San Diego,CA,United states,889-898
[47]Carlos H M.Marcio R M M.Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications[J]，ComputerVision and Image Understanding,2005,98:4-24
[48]Boucsein W, Schaefer F, OBJECTIVE EMOTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIALPRODUCTS. PROBING EXPERIENCE,2008.8：69-76
[49]Osgood C E, Suci C J, Tannenbaum P H, The Measurement of Meaning[M],Urbana：University ofIllinois Press，1957.76-124.
[50]罗仕鉴，潘云鹤.产品设计中的感性意象理论、技术与应用研究进展[J]，机械工程学报，2007,43（3）：8-13
[51]杨颖，张艳河，雷田.语意比较法——产品语意识别的准确方法[J]，机械工程学报，2009,45（10）：166-170
[52]Jordan P W, Designing Pleasurable Products[M],New York：Taylor&Francis，2000.
[53]林秀妙，MP3随身听产品造型愉悦感之使用者评估研究[D],国立台北科技大学硕士论文，2005.
[54]Desmet P M A. Hekkert P, jacobs J J,When a car makes you smile：Development and application ofan instrument to measure product emotion[J]，In：S.J.Hoch and R.J.Meyer（Eds.），Advances inConsumer Research.2000.27.111-117
[55]McDonagh D, Bruseberg A, Haslam C Visual product evaluation： exploring users emotionalrelationships with product，Appl Ergon。2002,33（3）：231-40
[2]杨少春，王克奇，戴天虹，白雪冰.基于直方图的木材表面颜色分类研究[J].森林工程，2008，24(1)：34～36.
[3]于海鹏.基于数字图像处理学的木材纹理定量化研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2005:2～3
[4]李坚.木材科学新篇.哈尔滨.东北林业大学出版社1991
[5]李坚.木材科学.哈尔滨东北林业大学出版社1994
[6]张锁，徐峰.木材检验技术.北京:中国标准出版社，2001
[7]李坚.木材科学.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社，1994
[8]王辉.基于灰度共生矩阵木材表面纹理模式识别方法的研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2007：28～31.
[9]邱坚种类繁多的木材花纹云南林业2003,24(1),20
[10]刘一星著.木材视觉环境学.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社，1994：85-88
[11]刘一星，李坚，王矛棣.木材表面视觉环境学特性分析(I)-木材表面视觉物理量与视觉心理量的关系[J].木材工业，1995，9(2):14-17.
[12]李坚，刘一星，方桂珍，木材表面视觉环境学特性分析((II)-视觉心理量的解析.木材工业.1995,9(3):20-23
[13]陈潇俐，红木类木材表面特性的研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2006：1
[14]王文彬，103种家具表面色彩的视觉物理量测定及色彩心理学特性的分析[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2001：3
[15]李坚，董玉库，刘一星，木材、人类与环境[J].家具，1992（01.020.3.04）：16-19
[16]刘一星，李坚，郭明晖，于晶，王缘棣，中国110树种木材表面视觉物理量的分布特征[J]东北林业大学学报，1995（01）：52-57
[17]刘一星，李坚，于晶，郭明晖，透明涂饰处理前后木材表面材色和光泽度的变化[J]家具，1995（03）：3-5
[18]李坚，刘一星，段新芳，木材涂饰与视觉物理量[M]，东北林业大学出版社出版，1998.08
[19]李坚，王松永，家具与环境[J]，东北林业大学学报，1997.11:43-47
[20]于海鹏,刘一星,刘镇波.木材纹理定量化算法探究.福建林学院学报,2005(02)：157-162
[21]于海鹏，刘一星，刘镇波，基于图像纹理特征的木材树种识别[J]，林业科学，2007（04）:77-82
[22]王克奇，陈立君，王辉，谢永华.基于空间灰度共生矩阵的木材纹理特征提取[J].森林工程，2006，22(1)：24～26.
[23]王辉，王克奇.基于主分量分析木材纹理的特征提取[J].森林工程，2006，22(6)：14～16.
[24]王晗，白雪冰，王辉.基于空间灰度共生矩阵木材纹理分类识别的研究[J].森林工程，2007，23(1)：32～36.
[25]刘一星，于海鹏，张显权，木质环境的科学评价[J].华中农业大学学报，2003，22(5)：499～504.
[26]陈立君.基于多分辨率分形维的木材表面纹理分类的研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2007.
[27] Sullivan J.D. Color Characterization of wood: Spectrophotometry and wood color[J]. Forest Prod.J,1967,17(7).
[28]Sullivan J.D. Color Characterization of wood: Color Parmeters of Individual Species[J]. ForestProd.J,1967,17(8).
[29] Hirouki Kuroda＆Ken Shimaji. Distribution of Coloring Substances in Sugi Heartwood[J].Holzforschung,1983,37(5).
[30] Moslemi A.A. Quantlitative color Measurement for Loblolly Pine Veneer[J]. Wood Sci,1969,2(1).
[31] Nelson N.D.＆Coppock W.A. Quantitative Color Value of the Heartwood of Various AustralianSpecies[J]. Australia Forestry,1970(4).
[32] Beckwith J.R.Theory and Practice of Heartwood Color Measurement[J]. Wood Sci.1979,2(l).
[33] Phelps J.E. Mcginnes E.A. et all. Growth-Quality Evaluation of Black Walnut wood, PartⅡ-Coloranalysis of Veneer Produced in different sites[J]. Wood and Fiber Scince,1983,15(2).
[34] Phelps J.E.Mcginnes E.A. et all. Growth-Quality Evaluation of Black Walnut wood, PartⅢ-AnAnatomical Study of Color Characteri Stics of Black Walnut Veneer[J]. Wood and Fiber Scince,1983,15(3).
[35]基太村洋子.内外材有用木材的测色值[J].林业实验场研究报告，1987，第347号.
[36]张翔等.木材材色的定量表征[J].林业科学，1990，26(4).
[37]甲斐勇二等木材の色にっぃて（1）[J].木材工业，1975,30(7)
[38]马岩.利用板材端面纹理判断和识别板材几何参数的数学描述理论[J].生物数学学报，2005，20(2)：245～250.
[39] Salvador Mondrago'n, Pedro Company，Margarita Vergara， Semantic Differential applied to theevaluation of machine tool design, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics，2005，35，1021一1029
[40]梅宜冬，从感性观点探讨数码产品造型意象特质[D]，台北，大叶大学，2004
[41]于海鹏，刘一星，刘镇波，基于图像纹理特征的木材树种识别[J]，林业科学，2007：20-21
[42]陈顺和，装饰材质的概念延伸及美学环境.家具与室内装饰[J]，2000（02）21
[43]于海鹏.基于数字图像处理学的木材纹理定量化研究[D].哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2005:21
[44] Picard R W.Towards computer that recognize and respond to user emotion[J]，IBM SystemsJournal，2000,39（3&4）：706-719
[45]Khalid H M，Helander M G，Customer Emotional Needs in Product Design[J]，CONCURRENTENGINEERING：Research and Applications，2006,14（3）：999
[46]Yanagisawa H，Murakami T，Yoshinaga R.A method for extraction of potential emotional quality byanalysing emotional response toward unexplored design：Application to product sound quality[C]，//the ASEM International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers andInformation in Engineering Conference2009,San Diego,CA,United states,889-898
[47]Carlos H M.Marcio R M M.Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications[J]，ComputerVision and Image Understanding,2005,98:4-24
[48]Boucsein W, Schaefer F, OBJECTIVE EMOTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIALPRODUCTS. PROBING EXPERIENCE,2008.8：69-76
[49]Osgood C E, Suci C J, Tannenbaum P H, The Measurement of Meaning[M],Urbana：University ofIllinois Press，1957.76-124.
[50]罗仕鉴，潘云鹤.产品设计中的感性意象理论、技术与应用研究进展[J]，机械工程学报，2007,43（3）：8-13
[51]杨颖，张艳河，雷田.语意比较法——产品语意识别的准确方法[J]，机械工程学报，2009,45（10）：166-170
[52]Jordan P W, Designing Pleasurable Products[M],New York：Taylor&Francis，2000.
[53]林秀妙，MP3随身听产品造型愉悦感之使用者评估研究[D],国立台北科技大学硕士论文，2005.
[54]Desmet P M A. Hekkert P, jacobs J J,When a car makes you smile：Development and application ofan instrument to measure product emotion[J]，In：S.J.Hoch and R.J.Meyer（Eds.），Advances inConsumer Research.2000.27.111-117
[55]McDonagh D, Bruseberg A, Haslam C Visual product evaluation： exploring users emotionalrelationships with product，Appl Ergon。2002,33（3）：231-40