城市给水管网水质因子宏观研究
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摘要
出厂水在通过城市供水管网输配到达用户的过程中,会发生一系列的变化,致使有些用户处的水质恶化。因此,需要对管网中的水质进行研究。水质因子是指能反映出水质状况的卫生学指标。
管网水质因子的微观模型常常是以某一因子为研究对象,忽视了其它水质因子的状况,有一定的局限性和片面性。城市给水管网水质因子的宏观模型兼顾考虑到了多项水质因子的影响作用,能反映出管网中多项水质因子综合作用的整体情况,具有全局性。
基于水质因子的城市给水管网宏观研究主要包括用于采样点优化设置的水质因子宏观模型、管网水质的宏观评价体系和管网水质影响因素宏观诊断系统。
对复杂城市给水管网中的管线进行合并、简化是采样点优化设置宏观模型的建立的前提。
在线监测系统的开发为宏观研究提供了实时的最新数据,水质因子检验系统为宏观研究提供了正确的数据基础,二者是宏观研究的前提。
本文建立了基于水质因子的采样点优化设置宏观模型,创新之处在于将物元分析与灰色理论的宏观模型相结合来进行采样点优化,能反映出多项水质因子的影响作用。宏观模型是由物元模型和灰色模型组成的,两种模型从不同的角度,相辅相成,为采样点的优化设置提供了图形和数字化依据。采样点优化的物元宏观模型采用了处理不相容问题的物元分析理论,建立了采样点数据的物元分析矩阵,采用客观熵权的计算方法,构造了最佳、最次理想标准的关联函数,绘制了物元分析的点聚图,并对图形中的各个区域作了系统分析,确定出了不同的水质集团,为采样点的优化设置提供了图形依据。
城市供水管网错综复杂,隐蔽性强,未知信息所占的比例大,属于灰色系统的范畴。采样点优化的灰色宏观模型采用了灰色关联聚类理论,通过各采样点间的灰色关联度、差异矩阵,导出了各因子之间的亲疏函数矩阵,在此基础上,建立了最大支撑树模型,通过连通树节点和最大连通强度的确定,展示出各点之间的亲缘谱系关系,对不同的连通强度下的连通闭包进行分析,选取中心点作为采样优化点。灰色关联聚类的最大支撑树模型确定了各个采样点之间的亲缘关系程度,为采样点的优化设置提供了数字化的依据。最后用实例验证出采用物元分析与灰色关联聚类理论宏观模型相结合进行采样点优化设置的可行性。
本文还建立了管网水质因子宏观评价体系,并提出了建立管网水质宏观督察系统的观点,基于水质因子的管网宏观评价体系是通过灰色聚类白化函数,对原有的灰色聚类模型进行量化后建立的。本文还首次提出了能兼顾反映众多因子状况的综合性指标:灰色水质特征值,实现了城市管网水质因子的综合数字化。
灰色水质特征值是在灰色聚类系数基础上得到的。它能反映出采样点的水质整体状况和水质的级别特征,解决了原灰色理论模型无法在同级别之间进行水质比较的缺陷,可以实现对不同地区、国家之间的管网水质比较与排序,采用能反映出采样点整体状况的综合性指标:灰色水质特征值对外发布,便于公众对管网水质有总体的认知和了解。本文还结合工程实例把现有的用于评价的三种水质指数模型与本文建立的管网宏观评价体系作了对比,分析研究了指数模型的缺陷及产生错误的原因。
本文还建立了采样点水质影响因素宏观诊断模型,对影响管网水质的因素作了分析,并通过实例找出了最主要的影响因素,并对所有影响因素进行排序,为水质的改善提供了理论依据。
综上所述,本文从水质因子的角度出发,把物元分析与灰色理论相结合,建立了用于管网采样点优化的水质因子宏观模型,此外,基于水质因子的宏观评价体系的建立使管网水质间的整体比较及对外发布具有了可行性。本文提出的反映管网水质综合状况的灰色水质特征值,是管网水质实现综合数字化的体现。采样点水质影响因素宏观诊断模型的建立可以实现对管网水质恶化的主要影响因素的锁定,便于采取有针对的措施,宏观地改善水质。
Changes take place during the transportation of city water supply networks. It makes the water quality of users deteriorate. Accordingly, Water quality in networks need to be studied.
Water quality gene is the hygienic index.
Microcosmic model of water quality gene study on one gene but neglect the condition of the other gene. The model is unilateral and limited. The macroscopical model based on water quality gene gives attention to the effect of several gene. Holistic condition of several water quality gene can be reflected.
The macroscopical research in network based on water quality gene include the model for setting monitoring point、the macroscopical evaluating system and the diagnosing system of water quality effecting factors.
The precondition of macroscopical model on complicated network is combination、omission of the pipe in network.
The development of on-line monitoring system can provide new data for macroscopical research and the data verifying system provide accurate data. Both of them are the precondition of macroscopical research. The accuracy of monitoring data connects directly with the optimization of the points and macroscopical evaluation.
One innovation of the paper is to establish macroscopical model for setting monitoring points based on water quality gene.The innovation lies in the combination of matter element and grey theory macroscopical model to set monitoring points.It can reflect the effect of several gene. The macroscopical model has two kinds: matter element and grey theory model. The two model provide figure and digitized basis from different aspect.
The macroscopical model adopts matter elements analysis theory. Matter elements matrix is established and the relation function of the optimal and the worst ideal standard is formed .And the method of objective entropy is put forward. The clustering points map is plotted and systemic analysis on each quadrant in map. Water quality bloc can be confirmed. And it provides graph proof for the selection of monitoring points.
The water supply networks in city are complex and hidden, There is much unknow information in the networks, Accordingly it belongs to grey system.
The grey macroscopical model adopts grey incidence cluster theory. The relation function matrix between genes is concluded by the grey relation degree、difference matrix. On the basis of it, The model of biggest tree is established. It shows the relation of each points by connecting nodes、connecting intensity, We can select the central ponit as monitoring spot by analyzing the connecting muster of different intensity. The relation is determined by the biggest tree of grey relation cluster and numerical proof for the selection of monitoring spots.In the end,the fessibility of the theory which combines the matter element analysis and grey relation cluster is verified by an example.
The method of selecting the main gene to represent the water quality condition has unilateralism and intolerance and it is overloaded with details through single index to publize .
The second innovation is establishing the macroscopical evaluating system of water quality gene based on the theory of the whitenization function of grey cluster. Amelioration on the original model is made . It add important part to digitize of water quality in networks. The third innovation is to put forward a synthetic index which reflect the condition of several genes. The grey characteristic value which reflect the integrative condition of water quality are concluded on the basis of grey cluster. It is an innovation of this paper. The shortage which the comparasion cannot be made between the same grade is improved .The grey characteristic value can sort the water quality in networks in different zones and countries.
And it is convenient for the public to know about the water quality in networks and compare with the networks in different zones and countries by the grey characteristic value.
Comparasion is made between three kinds of water quality index models and the macroscopical evaluating system by an example. The reasons that index model draws wrong conclusion and its shortage are shown.
The macroscopical model for judging the effecting factors is established. The factors which effect the water quality in networks are analyzed and the main factors is selected and the other factors are sorted. It provides theoretic proof for the improving on water quality. It is the fourth innovation of this paper.
To sum up, from the angle of water quality gene, A macroscopical model is established to set water quality monitoring points by the combination of matter element and grey theory. The comparasion and promulgation come into true by the macroscopical evaluating system.
A concept of the grey characteristic value of water quality is put forward which reflect the synthetic condition of water quality in networks. It is an important basement of numerical information system. The reasons of the changes of water quality are analyzed by grey diagnosing system, And it provide scientific proof for the management of the networks.
管网水质因子的微观模型常常是以某一因子为研究对象,忽视了其它水质因子的状况,有一定的局限性和片面性。城市给水管网水质因子的宏观模型兼顾考虑到了多项水质因子的影响作用,能反映出管网中多项水质因子综合作用的整体情况,具有全局性。
基于水质因子的城市给水管网宏观研究主要包括用于采样点优化设置的水质因子宏观模型、管网水质的宏观评价体系和管网水质影响因素宏观诊断系统。
对复杂城市给水管网中的管线进行合并、简化是采样点优化设置宏观模型的建立的前提。
在线监测系统的开发为宏观研究提供了实时的最新数据,水质因子检验系统为宏观研究提供了正确的数据基础,二者是宏观研究的前提。
本文建立了基于水质因子的采样点优化设置宏观模型,创新之处在于将物元分析与灰色理论的宏观模型相结合来进行采样点优化,能反映出多项水质因子的影响作用。宏观模型是由物元模型和灰色模型组成的,两种模型从不同的角度,相辅相成,为采样点的优化设置提供了图形和数字化依据。采样点优化的物元宏观模型采用了处理不相容问题的物元分析理论,建立了采样点数据的物元分析矩阵,采用客观熵权的计算方法,构造了最佳、最次理想标准的关联函数,绘制了物元分析的点聚图,并对图形中的各个区域作了系统分析,确定出了不同的水质集团,为采样点的优化设置提供了图形依据。
城市供水管网错综复杂,隐蔽性强,未知信息所占的比例大,属于灰色系统的范畴。采样点优化的灰色宏观模型采用了灰色关联聚类理论,通过各采样点间的灰色关联度、差异矩阵,导出了各因子之间的亲疏函数矩阵,在此基础上,建立了最大支撑树模型,通过连通树节点和最大连通强度的确定,展示出各点之间的亲缘谱系关系,对不同的连通强度下的连通闭包进行分析,选取中心点作为采样优化点。灰色关联聚类的最大支撑树模型确定了各个采样点之间的亲缘关系程度,为采样点的优化设置提供了数字化的依据。最后用实例验证出采用物元分析与灰色关联聚类理论宏观模型相结合进行采样点优化设置的可行性。
本文还建立了管网水质因子宏观评价体系,并提出了建立管网水质宏观督察系统的观点,基于水质因子的管网宏观评价体系是通过灰色聚类白化函数,对原有的灰色聚类模型进行量化后建立的。本文还首次提出了能兼顾反映众多因子状况的综合性指标:灰色水质特征值,实现了城市管网水质因子的综合数字化。
灰色水质特征值是在灰色聚类系数基础上得到的。它能反映出采样点的水质整体状况和水质的级别特征,解决了原灰色理论模型无法在同级别之间进行水质比较的缺陷,可以实现对不同地区、国家之间的管网水质比较与排序,采用能反映出采样点整体状况的综合性指标:灰色水质特征值对外发布,便于公众对管网水质有总体的认知和了解。本文还结合工程实例把现有的用于评价的三种水质指数模型与本文建立的管网宏观评价体系作了对比,分析研究了指数模型的缺陷及产生错误的原因。
本文还建立了采样点水质影响因素宏观诊断模型,对影响管网水质的因素作了分析,并通过实例找出了最主要的影响因素,并对所有影响因素进行排序,为水质的改善提供了理论依据。
综上所述,本文从水质因子的角度出发,把物元分析与灰色理论相结合,建立了用于管网采样点优化的水质因子宏观模型,此外,基于水质因子的宏观评价体系的建立使管网水质间的整体比较及对外发布具有了可行性。本文提出的反映管网水质综合状况的灰色水质特征值,是管网水质实现综合数字化的体现。采样点水质影响因素宏观诊断模型的建立可以实现对管网水质恶化的主要影响因素的锁定,便于采取有针对的措施,宏观地改善水质。
Changes take place during the transportation of city water supply networks. It makes the water quality of users deteriorate. Accordingly, Water quality in networks need to be studied.
Water quality gene is the hygienic index.
Microcosmic model of water quality gene study on one gene but neglect the condition of the other gene. The model is unilateral and limited. The macroscopical model based on water quality gene gives attention to the effect of several gene. Holistic condition of several water quality gene can be reflected.
The macroscopical research in network based on water quality gene include the model for setting monitoring point、the macroscopical evaluating system and the diagnosing system of water quality effecting factors.
The precondition of macroscopical model on complicated network is combination、omission of the pipe in network.
The development of on-line monitoring system can provide new data for macroscopical research and the data verifying system provide accurate data. Both of them are the precondition of macroscopical research. The accuracy of monitoring data connects directly with the optimization of the points and macroscopical evaluation.
One innovation of the paper is to establish macroscopical model for setting monitoring points based on water quality gene.The innovation lies in the combination of matter element and grey theory macroscopical model to set monitoring points.It can reflect the effect of several gene. The macroscopical model has two kinds: matter element and grey theory model. The two model provide figure and digitized basis from different aspect.
The macroscopical model adopts matter elements analysis theory. Matter elements matrix is established and the relation function of the optimal and the worst ideal standard is formed .And the method of objective entropy is put forward. The clustering points map is plotted and systemic analysis on each quadrant in map. Water quality bloc can be confirmed. And it provides graph proof for the selection of monitoring points.
The water supply networks in city are complex and hidden, There is much unknow information in the networks, Accordingly it belongs to grey system.
The grey macroscopical model adopts grey incidence cluster theory. The relation function matrix between genes is concluded by the grey relation degree、difference matrix. On the basis of it, The model of biggest tree is established. It shows the relation of each points by connecting nodes、connecting intensity, We can select the central ponit as monitoring spot by analyzing the connecting muster of different intensity. The relation is determined by the biggest tree of grey relation cluster and numerical proof for the selection of monitoring spots.In the end,the fessibility of the theory which combines the matter element analysis and grey relation cluster is verified by an example.
The method of selecting the main gene to represent the water quality condition has unilateralism and intolerance and it is overloaded with details through single index to publize .
The second innovation is establishing the macroscopical evaluating system of water quality gene based on the theory of the whitenization function of grey cluster. Amelioration on the original model is made . It add important part to digitize of water quality in networks. The third innovation is to put forward a synthetic index which reflect the condition of several genes. The grey characteristic value which reflect the integrative condition of water quality are concluded on the basis of grey cluster. It is an innovation of this paper. The shortage which the comparasion cannot be made between the same grade is improved .The grey characteristic value can sort the water quality in networks in different zones and countries.
And it is convenient for the public to know about the water quality in networks and compare with the networks in different zones and countries by the grey characteristic value.
Comparasion is made between three kinds of water quality index models and the macroscopical evaluating system by an example. The reasons that index model draws wrong conclusion and its shortage are shown.
The macroscopical model for judging the effecting factors is established. The factors which effect the water quality in networks are analyzed and the main factors is selected and the other factors are sorted. It provides theoretic proof for the improving on water quality. It is the fourth innovation of this paper.
To sum up, from the angle of water quality gene, A macroscopical model is established to set water quality monitoring points by the combination of matter element and grey theory. The comparasion and promulgation come into true by the macroscopical evaluating system.
A concept of the grey characteristic value of water quality is put forward which reflect the synthetic condition of water quality in networks. It is an important basement of numerical information system. The reasons of the changes of water quality are analyzed by grey diagnosing system, And it provide scientific proof for the management of the networks.
引文
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