新型农作物秸秆复合墙体的应用研究
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摘要
为了贯彻可持续发展战略、实现国家节能减排的目标,推行绿色建筑材料已经迫在眉睫。农作物秸秆墙体材料有效地利用了秸秆资源,减少了秸秆焚烧所引起的环境污染,显著降低了建筑能耗,有效地改善了室内热环境。秸秆墙体材料的研究,对缓解我国能源紧缺局面,推动低碳经济和可持续发展有着重大的现实意义。
本文针对农作物秸秆墙体材料的力学性、热工性、防火性等方面进行了全面系统的分析研究。结合陕西杨凌示范样板房对秸秆墙体的应用形式和构造措施进行了深入细致的实地调研,采用现场实测和理论计算相结合的方法,初步得出了秸秆复合墙体材料的热工性能参数指标,提出了构造措施和连接方法,说明轻钢-秸秆复合墙体结构比传统砖混结构热传导效率低,抵御室外热环境效果更好。为了验证秸秆复合墙体材料热工性能的可靠度,本课题组利用ANSYS有限元结构分析软件对其进行了周期性稳态热分析。针对不同种类板材、不同保温材料、不同龙骨厚度的复合墙体进行了对比模拟分析,提出了改进作物秸秆复合墙体的技术方法。
为了进一步掌握秸秆复合墙体在抗震地区的适应性,本文根据轻钢-秸秆复合墙体的构造特性将其归属为典型蒙皮效应的一种常规结构,对它的受力性能的结构计算公式进行了优化和理论计算验证。并结合四川绵竹地区灾后重建工程中实际运用的秸秆复合墙体项目,对项目中复合墙体结构的力学性能进行ANSYS有限元模拟分析,得出应力应变关系图,并将模拟结果与理论计算值进行对比分析,结果证明轻钢-秸秆复合墙体的抗侧性能完全满足建筑抗震规范设计要求,具有良好的抗震性能。
综上所述,秸秆复合墙体材料是一种轻质、高强、可持续利用的绿色墙体材料,秸秆复合墙体建筑具有优良的热物理特性和抗震性能,可为人们提供良好的居住环境,适用于我国广大地区推广使用,具有一定的工程应用价值,它的研究成果也为推进绿色住宅和可持续建筑的发展提供了新的思路。
In order to implement sustainable development strategies, to realize the national energy conservation, it is very imminent to carrying out green building materials. Straw wall materials use the straw resources effectively, reduce the pollution of buring and building energy consumption significantlystraw, improve the indoor thermal environment effectively. The research of Straw wall materials has great practical significance to ease the energy shortage situation, promote low carbon economy and sustainable development.
This paper made a systematic study of straw wall mechanical properties, thermal properties and fire performance. Combined with Yangling Demonstration model room, the application form and the structure measure of the straw wall has carried on the thorough careful investigation. This paper takes method which combines the method of actual measurement with theoretical analysis, has obtained a preliminary straw composite wall material thermal performance parameter index and proposed the structure measure and the connection method. It shows that the light steel– straw wall structure heat transfer efficiency is low, better to resist the outdoor thermal environment. Periodic steady-state thermal analysis has completed with finite element analysis software—ANSYS to Confirmation the reliability of the straw wall thermal properties. For different types of sheet, different insulation materials and different keel wall thickness of the composite were compared with simulation analysis, to propose the improved techniques method of the crop straw wall.
In order to further grasp the straw wall adaptation in the earthquake region, and according to the light steel - straw wall structure be attributed to the typical characteristics of skin effect of a conventional structure, the performance of its force structure has been optimized formula and theoretical verification. Combined with the straw wall project of the post-disaster reconstruction in Sichuan Mianzhu region, the mechanical properties of the straw wall structure is analysied by ANSYS finite element, obtained stress-strain diagram, contrasted the values of the simulation results and theoretic calculation, shows that light steel – straw wall Lateral performance fully meet seismic design requirements specification and has a good seismic performance.
In summary, the straw composite wall material is a lightweight, high strength, and sustainable use of the green wall materials, straw composite wall construction has excellent thermal properties and seismic performance, It is suitable for promoting the use of large areas of China, has a certain value engineering, and the results of the straw composite wall material provide new ideas of promoting the building of green homes and sustainable development.
本文针对农作物秸秆墙体材料的力学性、热工性、防火性等方面进行了全面系统的分析研究。结合陕西杨凌示范样板房对秸秆墙体的应用形式和构造措施进行了深入细致的实地调研,采用现场实测和理论计算相结合的方法,初步得出了秸秆复合墙体材料的热工性能参数指标,提出了构造措施和连接方法,说明轻钢-秸秆复合墙体结构比传统砖混结构热传导效率低,抵御室外热环境效果更好。为了验证秸秆复合墙体材料热工性能的可靠度,本课题组利用ANSYS有限元结构分析软件对其进行了周期性稳态热分析。针对不同种类板材、不同保温材料、不同龙骨厚度的复合墙体进行了对比模拟分析,提出了改进作物秸秆复合墙体的技术方法。
为了进一步掌握秸秆复合墙体在抗震地区的适应性,本文根据轻钢-秸秆复合墙体的构造特性将其归属为典型蒙皮效应的一种常规结构,对它的受力性能的结构计算公式进行了优化和理论计算验证。并结合四川绵竹地区灾后重建工程中实际运用的秸秆复合墙体项目,对项目中复合墙体结构的力学性能进行ANSYS有限元模拟分析,得出应力应变关系图,并将模拟结果与理论计算值进行对比分析,结果证明轻钢-秸秆复合墙体的抗侧性能完全满足建筑抗震规范设计要求,具有良好的抗震性能。
综上所述,秸秆复合墙体材料是一种轻质、高强、可持续利用的绿色墙体材料,秸秆复合墙体建筑具有优良的热物理特性和抗震性能,可为人们提供良好的居住环境,适用于我国广大地区推广使用,具有一定的工程应用价值,它的研究成果也为推进绿色住宅和可持续建筑的发展提供了新的思路。
In order to implement sustainable development strategies, to realize the national energy conservation, it is very imminent to carrying out green building materials. Straw wall materials use the straw resources effectively, reduce the pollution of buring and building energy consumption significantlystraw, improve the indoor thermal environment effectively. The research of Straw wall materials has great practical significance to ease the energy shortage situation, promote low carbon economy and sustainable development.
This paper made a systematic study of straw wall mechanical properties, thermal properties and fire performance. Combined with Yangling Demonstration model room, the application form and the structure measure of the straw wall has carried on the thorough careful investigation. This paper takes method which combines the method of actual measurement with theoretical analysis, has obtained a preliminary straw composite wall material thermal performance parameter index and proposed the structure measure and the connection method. It shows that the light steel– straw wall structure heat transfer efficiency is low, better to resist the outdoor thermal environment. Periodic steady-state thermal analysis has completed with finite element analysis software—ANSYS to Confirmation the reliability of the straw wall thermal properties. For different types of sheet, different insulation materials and different keel wall thickness of the composite were compared with simulation analysis, to propose the improved techniques method of the crop straw wall.
In order to further grasp the straw wall adaptation in the earthquake region, and according to the light steel - straw wall structure be attributed to the typical characteristics of skin effect of a conventional structure, the performance of its force structure has been optimized formula and theoretical verification. Combined with the straw wall project of the post-disaster reconstruction in Sichuan Mianzhu region, the mechanical properties of the straw wall structure is analysied by ANSYS finite element, obtained stress-strain diagram, contrasted the values of the simulation results and theoretic calculation, shows that light steel – straw wall Lateral performance fully meet seismic design requirements specification and has a good seismic performance.
In summary, the straw composite wall material is a lightweight, high strength, and sustainable use of the green wall materials, straw composite wall construction has excellent thermal properties and seismic performance, It is suitable for promoting the use of large areas of China, has a certain value engineering, and the results of the straw composite wall material provide new ideas of promoting the building of green homes and sustainable development.
引文
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[2]牛晓艳.浅谈秸秆焚烧的危害及综合利用[J].农技服务.2008 (10):13~15
[3]张明明,蔡同锋.试论秸秆污染及其综合利用技术进展[J].北方环境.2008 (4):79~81
[4]清华大学建筑节能研究中心著.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009中国城市科学研究系列报告.1~20
[3]赫尔诺特,明克,弗里德曼,马尔克.秸秆建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[4]吕秀焱.新型乡村节能住宅研究及能耗分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008
[5]钱坤,赵丽君.绿色节能墙板在农村住宅中的应用[J].建筑节能.2010 (7):43~45
[6]梁仙叶.轻质麦桔复合墙体建筑热物理特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学硕,2006
[7]肖力光,李晶辉,周宝玉,邵东林.秸秆环保节能材料性能的研究[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报.2008(1):13~16
[8]郭垂根,韩福芹等.稻草增强水泥基复合材料的研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品.2008(3):29~32
[9]姜涛.农作物秸秆实现生态利用的途径分析.中国材料网.2010 http://www.shac. gov.cn/nyxw/gnxw/t20080703_154474.htm
[10]王婧.草砖房结构设计.节能草砖房技术培训网.2007 http://www.cestt.cn/caf.cn
[11]胡杨,吴召辉,王道博.秸秆纤维砌块性能及应用[J].新型建筑材料.2009(5):15~18
[12]Rob Jolly.Straw Bale Moisture Monitoring Report[J].Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.2000
[13]民用建筑热工设计规范(GB 50176-93).中华人民共和国建设部主编
[14]Leendertse KDK.荷兰林德森板业应用报告.荷兰林德森板业有限公司.2009
[15]周晓燕,华毓坤.定向结构板热物理特性的研究[J].木材工业.1998(5):6~10
[16]韩广萍,程万里,Leendertse KDK.麦秸在建筑材料中的应用:定向结构麦秸板及其房屋系统[J].木材工业.2010(4):21~23
[17]宋德萱.节能建筑设计与技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003
[18]刘建龙,陈文,谭超毅.农村住宅节能技术研究现状分析[J].四川建筑科学研究.2010(8):54~56
[19]Nathaniel Corum.Building a straw bale house[M].New York Princeston Architectural Press,2007
[20]程万里,韩广萍.定向结构麦秸板的阻燃性能[J].东北林业大学学报.2010(1):33~35
[21]Stephen Vardy,Colin MacDougall.Compressive Testing and Analysis of Plastered Straw Bales.Queen’s University,2006
[22]林宪德著.绿色建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[23]Wasylciw W·Oriented Split Straw Board: A New Era I Building Products [C].California: Proceedings of ASAE Annua International Meeting.2001: 1~60
[24]彭梦月,潘支明.欧洲可持续发展建筑的实践和启示[J].国际视窗.2008(7):68~71
[25]冷御寒.建筑外围护结构[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[26]蒋民华.大力发展新型农村节能生态住宅墙体材料[J].山东建材.2008(2):21~24
[27]何水清.轻钢装配式生态节能草砖房[J].砖瓦世界,2010(7):7~11
[28]沈之容,倪阳,胡志凌等.“德中同行”竹结构展馆的材料试验与结构分析[J] .结构工程师.2009(9):47~51
[29]Robert Cerny.Hygrothermal performance study of an innovative interior thermal insulation system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering.2009
[30]Garas G,Allam M and El Dessuky R. Straw bale construction as an economic environment building alternative a case study[C].ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2009
[31]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件——ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002:307~313
[32]王国强著.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001
[33]唐兴伦,范群波等著. ANSYS工程应用教程——热与电磁学篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003:5~35
[34]沈致和.围护结构三维导热的有限元分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版) .2004 (2):203~206
[35]赵立华.建筑热桥分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学.1996:1~20
[36]Vardy S,Tipping T,MacDougall C.Compressive testing and analysis of a typical straw wall plaster[C]. Proceedings of Engineering Sustainability. 2005
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